Pridoli Epoch

Přídolí
	423.0 ± 2.3 – 419.2 ± 3.2 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	Paleogeography of the Pridoli, 420 Ma
Chronology
	Silurian graphical timeline This box: view · talk · edit -444 — – -442 — – -440 — – -438 — – -436 — – -434 — – -432 — – -430 — – -428 — – -426 — – -424 — – -422 — – -420 — – -418 — Paleozoic O Silurian D Late O Llandovery 95%;\|Wenlock}} 90%;\|Ludlow}} Přídolí Early D Rhuddanian Aeronian Telychian Sheinwoodian Homerian Gorstian Ludfordian ← Lau event ← Mulde event ← Ireviken event Subdivision of the Silurian according to the ICS, as of 2021.; Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.;
Etymology
Name formality	Formal
Name ratified	1984
Usage information
Celestial body	Earth
Regional usage	Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used	ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit	Epoch
Stratigraphic unit	Series
Time span formality	Formal
Lower boundary definition	FAD of the graptolite Monograptus parultimus
Lower boundary GSSP	Požáry Section, Řeporyje District, Prague, Czech Republic; [ ⚑ ] 50°01′40″N 14°19′30″E / 50.0277°N 14.3249°E
GSSP ratified	1984
Upper boundary definition	FAD of the graptolite Monograptus uniformis
Upper boundary GSSP	Klonk, Prague, Czech Republic; [ ⚑ ] 49°51′18″N 13°47′31″E / 49.8550°N 13.7920°E
GSSP ratified	1972

Short description: Final Series (Epoch) of the Silurian

In the geologic timescale, the Přídolí Epoch (Czech pronunciation: [ˈpr̝̊iːdoliː]) is the uppermost subdivision of the Silurian Period, dated at between 423 ± 2.3 and 419.2 ± 3.2 mya (million years ago). The Přídolí Epoch succeeds the Ludfordian Stage and precedes the Lochkovian, the lowest of three stages within the Lower Devonian geological epoch. It is named after one locality at the Homolka a Přídolí nature reserve near the Prague suburb, Slivenec, in the Czech Republic.^[7] The GSSP is located within the Požáry Formation, overlying the Kopanina Formation. Přídolí is the old name of a cadastral field area.^[8]

The Šilalė Event, a negative carbon isotope excursion corresponding to an extinction event of conodonts, occurred during the early Pridoli.^[9]

References

↑ Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). "The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 93 (02): 135–154. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000377.
↑ Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). "The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 195 (1): 99–124. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3.
↑ "Chart/Time Scale". International Commission on Stratigraphy. http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale.
↑ Lucas, Sepncer (6 November 2018). "The GSSP Method of Chronostratigraphy: A Critical Review". Frontiers in Earth Science 6: 191. doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00191. Bibcode: 2018FrEaS...6..191L.
↑ Holland, C. (June 1985). "Series and Stages of the Silurian System". Episodes 8 (2): 101–103. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1985/v8i2/005. https://timescalefoundation.org/references/Silurian1.pdf. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
↑ Chlupáč, Ivo; Hladil, Jindrich (January 2000). "The global stratotype section and point of the Silurian-Devonian boundary". CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260135817. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
↑ Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; Smith, Alan G. (2004). A Geologic Time Scale 2004. ISBN 9780521786737.
↑ Manda, Štěpán; Frýda, Jiří (2010). "Silurian-Devonian boundary events and their influence on cephalopod evolution: evolutionary significance of cephalopod egg size during mass extinctions". Bulletin of Geosciences 85 (3): 513–40. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1174. http://www.geology.cz/bulletin/contents/art1174.
↑ Spiridonov, Andrej; Stankevič, Robertas; Gečas, Tomas; Brazauskas, Antanas; Kaminskas, Donatas; Musteikis, Petras; Kaveckas, Tomas; Meidla, Tõnu et al. (October 2020). "Ultra-high resolution multivariate record and multiscale causal analysis of Pridoli (late Silurian): Implications for global stratigraphy, turnover events, and climate-biota interactions". Gondwana Research 86: 222-249. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2020.05.015. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1342937X20301805. Retrieved 13 November 2022.

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pridoli Epoch. Read more

[Jeppsson2007-1] Jeppsson, L.; Calner, M. (2007). "The Silurian Mulde Event and a scenario for secundo—secundo events". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 93 (02): 135–154. doi:10.1017/S0263593300000377.

[Munnecke2003-2] Munnecke, A.; Samtleben, C.; Bickert, T. (2003). "The Ireviken Event in the lower Silurian of Gotland, Sweden-relation to similar Palaeozoic and Proterozoic events". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 195 (1): 99–124. doi:10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00304-3.

[3] "Chart/Time Scale". International Commission on Stratigraphy. http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale.

[4] Lucas, Sepncer (6 November 2018). "The GSSP Method of Chronostratigraphy: A Critical Review". Frontiers in Earth Science 6: 191. doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00191. Bibcode: 2018FrEaS...6..191L.

[5] Holland, C. (June 1985). "Series and Stages of the Silurian System". Episodes 8 (2): 101–103. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1985/v8i2/005. https://timescalefoundation.org/references/Silurian1.pdf. Retrieved 11 December 2020.

[6] Chlupáč, Ivo; Hladil, Jindrich (January 2000). "The global stratotype section and point of the Silurian-Devonian boundary". CFS Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260135817. Retrieved 7 December 2020.

[a2004-7] Gradstein, Felix M.; Ogg, James G.; Smith, Alan G. (2004). A Geologic Time Scale 2004. ISBN 9780521786737.

[8] Manda, Štěpán; Frýda, Jiří (2010). "Silurian-Devonian boundary events and their influence on cephalopod evolution: evolutionary significance of cephalopod egg size during mass extinctions". Bulletin of Geosciences 85 (3): 513–40. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1174. http://www.geology.cz/bulletin/contents/art1174.

[9] Spiridonov, Andrej; Stankevič, Robertas; Gečas, Tomas; Brazauskas, Antanas; Kaminskas, Donatas; Musteikis, Petras; Kaveckas, Tomas; Meidla, Tõnu et al. (October 2020). "Ultra-high resolution multivariate record and multiscale causal analysis of Pridoli (late Silurian): Implications for global stratigraphy, turnover events, and climate-biota interactions". Gondwana Research 86: 222-249. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2020.05.015. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1342937X20301805. Retrieved 13 November 2022.

Přídolí
423.0 ± 2.3 – 419.2 ± 3.2 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Paleogeography of the Pridoli, 420 Ma
Chronology
Silurian graphical timeline This box: view · talk · edit -444 — – -442 — – -440 — – -438 — – -436 — – -434 — – -432 — – -430 — – -428 — – -426 — – -424 — – -422 — – -420 — – -418 — Paleozoic O Silurian D Late O Llandovery 95%;\|Wenlock}} 90%;\|Ludlow}} Přídolí Early D Rhuddanian Aeronian Telychian Sheinwoodian Homerian Gorstian Ludfordian ← Lau event ← Mulde event^[1] ← Ireviken event^[2] Subdivision of the Silurian according to the ICS, as of 2021.^[3] Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.
Etymology
Name formality	Formal
Name ratified	1984
Usage information
Celestial body	Earth
Regional usage	Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used	ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit	Epoch
Stratigraphic unit	Series
Time span formality	Formal
Lower boundary definition	FAD of the graptolite Monograptus parultimus
Lower boundary GSSP	Požáry Section, Řeporyje District, Prague, Czech Republic [ ⚑ ] 50°01′40″N 14°19′30″E / 50.0277°N 14.3249°E / 50.0277; 14.3249
GSSP ratified	1984^[4]^[5]
Upper boundary definition	FAD of the graptolite Monograptus uniformis
Upper boundary GSSP	Klonk, Prague, Czech Republic [ ⚑ ] 49°51′18″N 13°47′31″E / 49.8550°N 13.7920°E / 49.8550; 13.7920
GSSP ratified	1972^[6]