Reidite

Reidite
General
Category	Zircon group
Formula; (repeating unit)	ZrSiO4
Strunz classification	9.AD.45
Crystal system	Tetragonal
Crystal class	Dipyramidal (4/m) ; H-M symbol: (4/m)
Space group	I41/a
Unit cell	a = 4.738, c = 10.506 [Å], Z = 4
Identification
Formula mass	183.31 g/mol
Color	Colorless to white
Crystal habit	Epitaxial - crystallographic alignment with a precursor mineral, occurs as inclusions in other minerals.
Cleavage	None
Fracture	Irregular/uneven
Tenacity	Brittle
Mohs scale hardness	7.5
\|re\|er}}	Adamantine
Streak	White
Diaphaneity	Translucent
Specific gravity	5.16
Optical properties	Uniaxial (+)
Refractive index	nω=1.64, nε=1.655
Birefringence	0.0150
Pleochroism	None
References

Reidite is a rare polymorph of ZrSiO₄ created when zircon experiences high pressure and temperature. Reidite is denser than zircon and has the same crystal structure as scheelite. All natural occurrences of reidite are associated with meteorite impact events.

On Earth, reidite has been reported from ten impact structures: the Chesapeake Bay Crater in Virginia; Ries Crater in Germany ; Xiuyan Crater in China ; Woodleigh Crater in Western Australia;^[4] Rock Elm Crater in Wisconsin;^[5] Dhala Crater in India ;^[6] Stac Fada in Scotland; Haughton in Canada ; Steen River in Canada , and Rochechouart in France . Reidite has also been found in one lunar meteorite.^[7]

Name origin and discovery

Reidite is named after Alan F. Reid, the scientist who first synthesized it during high-pressure experiments in the laboratory in 1969.^[8]

Reidite was first discovered in natural samples by B.P. Glass and Shaobin Liu in 2001.^[9]

Occurrence

Reidite is formed from zircon above ~30GPa in shock recovery experiments. However, the temperatures generated during meteorite impacts are much higher, and reidite can be formed down to ~9GPa under natural impact conditions.^[10] Reidite has been found in lamellar, granular, and dendritic forms within host zircon, typically making up less than 10% of the grain. Reidite from Rochechouart impact structure has also been reported as bladed, wedged, and massive.^[11]

Libyan desert glass may show lattice deformation in zircon that is interpreted as evidence of this material having previously contained reidite, and as such constitutes strong evidence for its impact origin.^[12]

Related silica minerals

Relationship of Reidite to Other Specimens
9.AD.25	Uvarovite	Ca₃Cr₂(SiO₄)₃
9.AD.25	Wadalite	(Ca,Mg)₆(Al,Fe³⁺)₄((Si,Al)O₄)₃O₄Cl₃
9.AD.25	Holtstamite	Ca₃(Al,Mn³⁺)₂(SiO₄)₂(OH)₄
9.AD.25	Kerimasite	Ca₃Zr₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
9.AD.25	Toturite	Ca₃Sn₂(SiO₄)(Fe³⁺O₄)₂
9.AD.25	Momoiite	(Mn²⁺,Ca)₃V₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
9.AD.25	Eltyubyuite	Ca₁₂Fe₁₀³⁺Si₄O₃₂Cl₆
9.AD.25	Hutcheonite	Ca₃Ti₂(SiAl₂)O₁₂
9.AD.30	Coffinite	(U⁴⁺,Th)(SiO₄)_1-x(OH)_4x
9.AD.30	Hafnon	HfSiO₄
9.AD.30	Thorite	(Th,U)SiO₄
9.AD.30	Zircon	ZrSiO₄
9.AD.30	Stetindite	Ce⁴⁺SiO₄
9.AD.35	Huttonite	ThSiO₄
9.AD.35	Tombarthite-(Y)	Y₄(Si,H₄)₄O_12−x(OH)_4+2x
9.AD.40	Eulytine	Bi₄(SiO₄)₃

References

↑ "Reidite". Hudson Institute of Mineralogy. http://www.mindat.org/min-11467.html. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
↑ "Reidite Mineral Data". http://webmineral.com/data/Reidite.shtml#.VQivio7F-So. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
↑ Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine 85 (3): 291–320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. Bibcode: 2021MinM...85..291W.
↑ Discovery of reidite, one of the rarest minerals on Earth, may reveal Australia's biggest crater ABC News, 16 October 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
↑ Oskin, Becky (3 November 2014). "Rare Mineral Discovered in Ancient Meteorite Impact Crater". Livescience. http://www.livescience.com/48584-reidite-discovered-rock-elm-wisconsin.html. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
↑ Li, Shan-Shan; Keerthy, S.; Santosh, M.; Singh, S.P.; Deering, C.D.; Satyanarayanan, M.; Praveen, M.N.; Aneeshkumar, V. et al. (February 2018). "Anatomy of impactites and shocked zircon grains from Dhala reveals Paleoproterozoic meteorite impact in the Archean basement rocks of Central India". Gondwana Research 54: 81–101. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2017.10.006. Bibcode: 2018GondR..54...81L.
↑ Xing, Weifan; Lin, Yangting; Zhang, Chi; Zhang, Mingming; Hu, Sen; Hofmann, Beda A.; Sekine, Toshimori; Xiao, Long et al. (2020-11-16). "Discovery of Reidite in the Lunar Meteorite Sayh al Uhaymir 169" (in en). Geophysical Research Letters 47 (21). doi:10.1029/2020GL089583. ISSN 0094-8276. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL089583.
↑ Reid, A. F.; Ringwood, A. E. (1969-06-01). "Newly observed high pressure transformations in Mn3O4, CaAl2O4, and ZrSiO4" (in en). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 6 (3): 205–208. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(69)90091-0. ISSN 0012-821X. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(69)90091-0.
↑ Glass, B.P.; Liu, Shaobin (2001-04-01). "Discovery of high-pressure ZrSiO4 polymorph in naturally occurring shock-metamorphosed zircons". Geology 29 (4): 371–373. doi:2.0.CO;2">10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0371:DOHPZP>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0091-7613. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)0292.0.CO;2.
↑ Timms, Nicholas E.; Erickson, Timmons M.; Pearce, Mark A.; Cavosie, Aaron J.; Schmieder, Martin; Tohver, Eric; Reddy, Steven M.; Zanetti, Michael R. et al. (2017-02-01). "A pressure-temperature phase diagram for zircon at extreme conditions" (in en). Earth-Science Reviews 165: 185–202. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.12.008. ISSN 0012-8252.
↑ Plan, Anders; Kenny, Gavin G.; Erickson, Timmons M.; Lindgren, Paula; Alwmark, Carl; Holm‐Alwmark, Sanna; Lambert, Philippe; Scherstén, Anders et al. (October 2021). "Exceptional preservation of reidite in the Rochechouart impact structure, France: New insights into shock deformation and phase transition of zircon" (in en). Meteoritics & Planetary Science 56 (10): 1795–1828. doi:10.1111/maps.13723. ISSN 1086-9379.
↑ Cavosie, Aaron J. (22 May 2019). "How we solved the mystery of Libyan desert glass" (in en). http://theconversation.com/how-we-solved-the-mystery-of-libyan-desert-glass-117253.

External links

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reidite. Read more

[1] "Reidite". Hudson Institute of Mineralogy. http://www.mindat.org/min-11467.html. Retrieved 18 March 2015.

[2] "Reidite Mineral Data". http://webmineral.com/data/Reidite.shtml#.VQivio7F-So. Retrieved 18 March 2015.

[3] Warr, L.N. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine 85 (3): 291–320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43. Bibcode: 2021MinM...85..291W.

[4] Discovery of reidite, one of the rarest minerals on Earth, may reveal Australia's biggest crater ABC News, 16 October 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2018.

[Oskin-5] Oskin, Becky (3 November 2014). "Rare Mineral Discovered in Ancient Meteorite Impact Crater". Livescience. http://www.livescience.com/48584-reidite-discovered-rock-elm-wisconsin.html. Retrieved 24 March 2015.

[6] Li, Shan-Shan; Keerthy, S.; Santosh, M.; Singh, S.P.; Deering, C.D.; Satyanarayanan, M.; Praveen, M.N.; Aneeshkumar, V. et al. (February 2018). "Anatomy of impactites and shocked zircon grains from Dhala reveals Paleoproterozoic meteorite impact in the Archean basement rocks of Central India". Gondwana Research 54: 81–101. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2017.10.006. Bibcode: 2018GondR..54...81L.

[7] Xing, Weifan; Lin, Yangting; Zhang, Chi; Zhang, Mingming; Hu, Sen; Hofmann, Beda A.; Sekine, Toshimori; Xiao, Long et al. (2020-11-16). "Discovery of Reidite in the Lunar Meteorite Sayh al Uhaymir 169" (in en). Geophysical Research Letters 47 (21). doi:10.1029/2020GL089583. ISSN 0094-8276. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020GL089583.

[8] Reid, A. F.; Ringwood, A. E. (1969-06-01). "Newly observed high pressure transformations in Mn3O4, CaAl2O4, and ZrSiO4" (in en). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 6 (3): 205–208. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(69)90091-0. ISSN 0012-821X. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(69)90091-0.

[9] Glass, B.P.; Liu, Shaobin (2001-04-01). "Discovery of high-pressure ZrSiO4 polymorph in naturally occurring shock-metamorphosed zircons". Geology 29 (4): 371–373. doi:2.0.CO;2">10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0371:DOHPZP>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0091-7613. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)0292.0.CO;2.

[10] Timms, Nicholas E.; Erickson, Timmons M.; Pearce, Mark A.; Cavosie, Aaron J.; Schmieder, Martin; Tohver, Eric; Reddy, Steven M.; Zanetti, Michael R. et al. (2017-02-01). "A pressure-temperature phase diagram for zircon at extreme conditions" (in en). Earth-Science Reviews 165: 185–202. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.12.008. ISSN 0012-8252.

[11] Plan, Anders; Kenny, Gavin G.; Erickson, Timmons M.; Lindgren, Paula; Alwmark, Carl; Holm‐Alwmark, Sanna; Lambert, Philippe; Scherstén, Anders et al. (October 2021). "Exceptional preservation of reidite in the Rochechouart impact structure, France: New insights into shock deformation and phase transition of zircon" (in en). Meteoritics & Planetary Science 56 (10): 1795–1828. doi:10.1111/maps.13723. ISSN 1086-9379.

[12] Cavosie, Aaron J. (22 May 2019). "How we solved the mystery of Libyan desert glass" (in en). http://theconversation.com/how-we-solved-the-mystery-of-libyan-desert-glass-117253.