Roscosmos Cosmonaut Corps

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"Pilot-Cosmonauts of the USSR" on Television. Pilots-cosmonauts of the USSR at the television studio (from left to right) P. Popovich, Y. Gagarin, V. Tereshkova, V. Bykovsky, A. Nikolaev and G. Titov. Moscow, March 12, 1963

The Roscosmos Cosmonaut Corps (in Russian: Отряд космонавтов, simply The Cosmonauts Corps) is a unit of the Russia 's Roscosmos State Corporation that selects, trains, and provides astronauts as crew members for the Russian Federation and international space missions. It is part of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, based at Star City in Moscow Oblast, Russia .

History

The development of Soviet science and technology made it possible, by the end of the 1950s, to consider the issues of crewed space flight. At the beginning of 1959, the President of the USSR Academy of Sciences Mstislav Keldysh held a meeting at which questions about crewed space flight were discussed specifically, right down to "who should fly?". The decision on the selection and training of astronauts for the first space flight on the spacecraft "Vostok" was made in the Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 22-10 "On the medical selection of candidates for astronauts", dated January 5, 1959, and in the Resolution Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 569-264 "On the preparation of man for space flights", May 22, 1959.

The selection of candidates for cosmonauts corps was entrusted to the command of the Air Force of the Armed Forces, military doctors and medical flight commissions, which monitored the health of pilots in units and formations, and the training of future cosmonauts was entrusted to the Air Force of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Later, the selection was directly entrusted to a group of specialists from the Central Military Research Aviation Hospital (TsVNIAH).

The cosmonaut corps was formed on January 11, 1960, by the order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of the USSR, dated March 7, 1960, the first 12 pilots who passed the initial selection were appointed to the post of listener-cosmonauts of the Air Force; The first cosmonaut corps, which included the future first cosmonaut of Yuri Gagarin, consisted of twenty people. On March 23, 1961, Yuri Gagarin was appointed as the commander of the cosmonaut corps.

The first Cosmonauts Corps was military unit No. 26266, which formed with the task of training cosmonauts, and a little later it was transformed into the Cosmonaut Training Center of the Air Force of the Armed Forces.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Corps became partly civilian and was managed by the Russian Space and Aviation Agency (RKA).

Organization

The Cosmonaut Corps is based at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, although members may be assigned to other locations based on mission requirements.

The Chief of the Cosmonaut Office is the most senior leadership position for active cosmonauts in the Corps. The Chief serves as head of the Corps and is the principal adviser to the Roscosmos Director-General on cosmonaut training and operations. The first Chief Astronaut was Yuri Gagarin, appointed in 1960. The current Chief is Maksim Kharlamov.

Requirements

A Soviet space skafander in the Museum of Cosmonautics, Moscow

In order to enter the cosmonaut corps, a candidate for the role of a space pilot must pass medical and psychological tests (in the Central Research Aviation Hospital), as well as undergo a face-to-face interview. During the Soviet era, in addition, membership in the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was also a prerequisite for joining the cosmonaut corps.[1]

The main current requirements for joining the cosmonaut corps are to be with Russian citizenship, age up to 35 years, higher education, knowledge of English, successful passing of medical and psychological tests, body weight up to 90 kilograms.

List of active cosmonauts

(As of March 2023), the corps has 23 "active" cosmonauts consisting of 1 woman and 22 men or 4.3% female and 95.7% male[2] All of the current members of the cosmonaut corps were selected in 1996 or later.

Astronaut Missions Group
Oleg Artemyev Soyuz TMA-12M (Expedition 39/40), Soyuz MS-08 (Expedition 55/56),Soyuz MS-21 (Expedition 66/67), 2003 Cosmonaut Group
Andrei Babkin None - awaiting assignment 2010 Cosmonaut Group
Konstantin Borisov SpaceX Crew-7 (Expedition 69/70) 2018 Cosmonaut Group
Nikolai Chub Soyuz MS-24/MS-25 (Expedition 69/70/71) 2012 Cosmonaut Group
Pyotr Dubrov Soyuz MS-18/Soyuz MS-19 (Expedition 64/Expedition 65/66) 2012 Cosmonaut Group
Andrey Fedyaev SpaceX Crew-6 (Expedition 68/Expedition 69/70) (currently in space) 2012 Cosmonaut Group
Aleksandr Gorbunov SpaceX Crew-9 (upcoming flight) 2018 Cosmonaut Group
Alexander Grebenkin SpaceX Crew-8 (upcoming flight) 2018 Cosmonaut Group
Anna Kikina♀ SpaceX Crew-5 (Expedition 67/68) 2012 Cosmonaut Group
Oleg Kononenko Soyuz TMA-12 (Expedition 17), Soyuz TMA-03M (Expedition 30/31), Soyuz TMA-17M (Expedition 44/45), Soyuz MS-11 (Expedition 58/59), Soyuz MS-24/MS-25 (Expedition 69/70/71) 1996 Cosmonaut Group
Sergey Korsakov Soyuz MS-21 (Expedition 66/67) 2012 Cosmonaut Group
Sergey Kud-Sverchkov Soyuz MS-17 (Expedition 63/64), Soyuz MS-28 (upcoming flight) 2010 Cosmonaut Group
Denis Matveev Soyuz MS-21 (Expedition 66/67) 2010 Cosmonaut Group
Sergei Mikajev Soyuz MS-27 (upcoming flight) 2018 Cosmonaut Group
Oleg Novitsky Soyuz TMA-06M (Expedition 33/34), Soyuz MS-03 (Expedition 50/51), Soyuz MS-18 (Expedition 64/65), Soyuz MS-25 (upcoming flight) 2006 Cosmonaut Group
Aleksey Ovchinin Soyuz TMA-20M (Expedition 47/48), Soyuz MS-10, Soyuz MS-12 (Expedition 59/60), Soyuz MS-26 (upcoming flight) 2006 Cosmonaut Group
Kirill Peskov Soyuz MS-27 (upcoming flight) 2018 Cosmonaut Group
Dmitry Petelin Soyuz MS-22/Soyuz MS-23 (Expedition 67/Expedition 68/69) 2012 Cosmonaut Group
Oleg Platonov 2018 Cosmonaut Group
Sergey Prokopyev Soyuz MS-09 (Expedition 56/57), Soyuz MS-22/Soyuz MS-23 (Expedition 67/Expedition 68/69) 2010 Cosmonaut Group
Sergey Ryzhikov Soyuz MS-02 (Expedition 49/50), Soyuz MS-17 (Expedition 63/64), Soyuz MS-27 (upcoming flight) 2006 Cosmonaut Group
Ivan Vagner Soyuz MS-16 (Expedition 62/63)Soyuz MS-26 (upcoming flight) 2010 Cosmonaut Group
Alexei Zubritsky Soyuz MS-28 (upcoming flight) 2018 Cosmonaut Group

List of former cosmonauts (partial)

Main page: Biography:List of cosmonauts

Russia and the Soviet Union

The Soviet space program came under the control of the Russia in December 1991; the new program, now called the Russian Federal Space Agency, retained continuity of equipment and personnel with the Soviet program. While all Soviet and RKA cosmonauts were born within the borders of the U.S.S.R., many were born outside the boundaries of Russia, and may be claimed by other Soviet successor states as nationals of those states. These cosmonauts are marked with an asterisk * and their place of birth is shown in an appended list. All, however, claimed Soviet or Russian citizenship at the time of their space flights.

A

  • Viktor Mikhaylovich Afanasyev — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-11, Russia Soyuz TM-18, Soyuz TM-29, Soyuz TM-33/32
  • Vladimir Aksyonov — Soviet Union Soyuz 22, Soyuz T-2
  • Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov — Soviet Union Soyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-3
  • Ivan Anikeyev (1933–1992) — Soviet Union Expelled from Vostok program; no flights.
  • Anatoly Artsebarsky* — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-12
  • Yuri Artyukhin (1930–1998) — Soviet Union Soyuz 14
  • Oleg Atkov — Soviet Union Soyuz T-10/11
  • Toktar Aubakirov* — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-13/12
  • Sergei Avdeyev — Russia Soyuz TM-15, Soyuz TM-22

B

  • Aleksandr Balandin — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-9
  • Yuri Baturin — Russia Soyuz TM-28/27, Soyuz TM-32/31
  • Pavel Belyayev (1925–1970) — Soviet Union Voskhod 2
  • Georgi Beregovoi* (1921–1995) — Soviet Union Soyuz 3
  • Anatoly Berezovoy (1942–2014) — Soviet Union Soyuz T-5/7
  • Valentin Bondarenko (1937–1961) — Soviet Union No flights.
  • Andrei Borisenko — Russia Soyuz TMA-21
  • Nikolai Budarin — Russia STS-71/Soyuz TM-21, Soyuz TM-27, STS-113/Soyuz TMA-1
  • Valery Bykovsky — (1934–2019) — Soviet Union Vostok 5, Soyuz 22, Soyuz 31/29

D

  • Vladimir Dezhurov — Russia Soyuz TM-21/STS-71
  • Georgy Dobrovolsky* (1928–1971), Died on reentry. — Soviet Union Soyuz 11
  • Lev Dyomin (1926–1998) — Soviet Union Soyuz 15
  • Vladimir Dzhanibekov* — Soviet Union Soyuz 27/26, Soyuz 39, Soyuz T-12, Soyuz T-13

F

  • Konstantin Feoktistov (1926–2009) — Soviet Union Voskhod 1
  • Valentin Filatyev (1930–1990) — Soviet Union Expelled from Vostok program; no flights.
  • Anatoly Filipchenko (1928–2022) — Soviet Union Soyuz 7, Soyuz 16

G

  • Yuri Gagarin (1934–1968), First person in space. — Soviet Union Vostok 1
  • Yuri Gidzenko* — Russia Soyuz TM-22, Soyuz TM-31/STS-102, Soyuz TM-34/Soyuz TM-33
  • Yuri Glazkov (1939–2008) — Soviet Union Soyuz 24
  • Viktor Gorbatko (1934–2017) — Soviet Union Soyuz 7, Soyuz 24, Soyuz 37/36
  • Georgi Grechko (1931–2017) — Soviet Union Soyuz 17, Soyuz 26/27, Soyuz T-14/13
  • Aleksei Gubarev (1931–2015) — Soviet Union Soyuz 17, Soyuz 28

I

  • Aleksandr Ivanchenkov — Soviet Union Soyuz 29/31, Soyuz T-6,
  • Anatoli Ivanishin — Russia Soyuz TMA-22, Soyuz MS-01, Soyuz MS-16,

K

  • Aleksandr Kaleri* — Russia Soyuz TM-14, Soyuz TM-24, Soyuz TM-30, Soyuz TMA-3, Soyuz TMA-01M
  • Yevgeny Khrunov (1933–2000) — Soviet Union Soyuz 5/4
  • Leonid Kizim* (1941–2010) — Soviet Union Soyuz T-3, Soyuz T-10/11, Soyuz T-15
  • Pyotr Klimuk* — Soviet Union Soyuz 13, Soyuz 18, Soyuz 30
  • Vladimir Komarov (1927–1967), Died on reentry. — Soviet Union Voskhod 1, Soyuz 1
  • Yelena V. Kondakova♀ — Russia Soyuz TM-20/STS-84
  • Dmitri Kondratyev — Russia Soyuz TMA-20
  • Mikhail Korniyenko — Russia Soyuz TMA-18, Soyuz TMA-16M
  • Valery Korzun — Russia Soyuz TM-24, STS-111/113
  • Oleg Kotov* — Russia Soyuz TMA-10, Soyuz TMA-17, Soyuz TMA-10M
  • Vladimir Kovalyonok* — Soviet Union Soyuz 25, Soyuz 29/31, Soyuz T-4
  • Konstantin Kozeyev — Russia Soyuz TM-33/32
  • Sergei Krikalev — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-7, Soyuz TM-12/Russia Soyuz TM-13, STS-60, STS-88, Soyuz TM-31/STS-102, Soyuz TMA-6
  • Valeri Kubasov (1935–2014) — Soviet Union Soyuz 6, Soyuz 19, Soyuz 36/35

L

  • Aleksandr Laveykin — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-2
  • Vasili Lazarev (1928–1990) — Soviet Union Soyuz 12, Soyuz 18a
  • Aleksandr Lazutkin — Russia Soyuz TM-25
  • Valentin Lebedev — Soviet Union Soyuz 13, Soyuz T-5/7
  • Alexei Leonov (1934–2019) — Soviet Union Voskhod 2 (first walk in space), Soyuz 19
  • Anatoli Levchenko* (1941–1988) — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-4/3
  • Yuri Lonchakov* — Russia STS-100, Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34, Soyuz TMA-13
  • Vladimir Lyakhov* (1941–2018) — Soviet Union Soyuz 32/34, Soyuz T-9, Soyuz TM-6/5

M

  • Oleg Makarov (1933–2003) — Soviet Union Soyuz 12, Soyuz 18a, Soyuz 27/26, Soyuz T-3
  • Yuri Malenchenko* — Russia Soyuz TM-19, STS-106, Soyuz TMA-2, Soyuz TMA-11, Soyuz TMA-05M, Soyuz TMA-19M,
  • Yury Malyshev (1941–1999) — Soviet Union Soyuz T-2, Soyuz T-11/10
  • Gennadi Manakov (1950–2019) — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-10, Russia Soyuz TM-16
  • Musa Manarov* — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-4/6, Soyuz TM-11
  • Alexander Misurkin — Russia Soyuz TMA-08M, Soyuz MS-06, Soyuz MS-20
  • Boris Morukov (1950–2015) — Russia STS-106
  • Talgat Musabayev* — Russia Soyuz TM-19, Soyuz TM-27, Soyuz TM-32/31

N

  • Grigori Nelyubov (1934–1966) — Soviet Union Expelled from Vostok program, no flights.
  • Andriyan Nikolayev (1929–2004) — Soviet Union Vostok 3, Soyuz 9

O

  • Yuri Onufrienko* — Russia Soyuz TM-23, STS-108/111

P

  • Gennady Padalka — Russia Soyuz TM-28, Soyuz TMA-4, Soyuz TMA-14, Soyuz TMA-04M, Soyuz TMA-16M
  • Viktor Patsayev* (1933–1971), Died on reentry. — Soviet Union Soyuz 11
  • Aleksandr Poleshchuk — Russia Soyuz TM-16
  • Valeri Polyakov (1942–2022) — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-6/7, Russia Soyuz TM-18/20
  • Leonid Popov* — Soviet Union Soyuz 35/37, Soyuz 40, Soyuz T-7/5
  • Pavel Popovich* (1930–2009) — Soviet Union Vostok 4, Soyuz 14

R

  • Sergei Revin — Russia Soyuz TMA-04M
  • Roman Romanenko — Russia Soyuz TMA-15, Soyuz TMA-07M
  • Yuri Romanenko — Soviet Union Soyuz 26/27, Soyuz 38, Soyuz TM-2/3
  • Valery Rozhdestvensky (1939–2011) — Soviet Union Soyuz 23
  • Nikolai Rukavishnikov (1932–2002) — Soviet Union Soyuz 10, Soyuz 16, Soyuz 33
  • Sergei Ryazanski — Russia Soyuz TMA-10M
  • Valery Ryumin (1939–2022) — Soviet Union Soyuz 25, Soyuz 32/34, Soyuz 35/37, Russia STS-91

S

  • Aleksandr Samokutyayev — Russia Soyuz TMA-21, Soyuz TMA-14M
  • Gennadi Sarafanov (1942–2005) — Soviet Union Soyuz 15
  • Viktor Savinykh — Soviet Union Soyuz T-4, Soyuz T-13/14, Soyuz TM-3,
  • Svetlana Savitskaya♀ — Soviet Union Soyuz T-7/5, Soyuz T-12
  • Aleksandr Serebrov (1944–2013) — Soviet Union Soyuz T-7/5, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz TM-8, Russia Soyuz TM-17
  • Yelena Serova♀ — Russia Soyuz TMA-14M
  • Vitali Sevastyanov (1935–2010) — Soviet Union Soyuz 9, Soyuz 18
  • Yuri Shargin — Russia Soyuz TMA-5/4
  • Salizhan Sharipov* — Russia STS-89, Soyuz TMA-5
  • Vladimir Shatalov* (1927–2021) — Soviet Union Soyuz 4, Soyuz 8, Soyuz 10
  • Anton Shkaplerov — Russia Soyuz TMA-22, Soyuz TMA-15M
  • Georgi Shonin* (1935–1997) — Soviet Union Soyuz 6
  • Oleg Skripochka — Russia Soyuz TMA-01M
  • Aleksandr Skvortsov — Russia Soyuz TMA-18
  • Anatoly Solovyev* — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-5/4, Soyuz TM-9, Russia Soyuz TM-15, STS-71/Soyuz TM-21, Soyuz TM-26
  • Vladimir Solovyov — Soviet Union Soyuz T-10/11, Soyuz T-15
  • Gennadi Strekalov (1940–2004) — Soviet Union Soyuz T-3, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz T-11/10, Soyuz TM-10, Russia Soyuz TM-21/STS-71
  • Maksim Surayev — Russia Soyuz TMA-16, Soyuz TMA-13M

T

  • Yevgeni Tarelkin — Russia Soyuz TMA-06M
  • Valentina Tereshkova♀, First woman in space. — Soviet Union Vostok 6
  • Gherman Titov (1935–2000) — Soviet Union Vostok 2
  • Vladimir Titov — Soviet Union Soyuz T-8, Soyuz TM-4/6, Russia STS-63, STS-86
  • Valeri Tokarev — Russia STS-96, Soyuz TMA-7
  • Sergei Treshchov — Russia STS-111/113
  • Vasili Tsibliyev* — Russia Soyuz TM-17, Soyuz TM-25
  • Mikhail Tyurin — Russia STS-105/108, Soyuz TMA-9, Soyuz TMA-11M

U

  • Yuri Usachov — Russia Soyuz TM-18, Soyuz TM-23, STS-101, STS-102/STS-105

V

  • Vladimir Vasyutin* (1952–2002) — Soviet Union Soyuz T-14
  • Aleksandr Viktorenko* — Soviet Union Soyuz TM-3/2, Soyuz TM-8, Russia Soyuz TM-14, Soyuz TM-20
  • Pavel Vinogradov — Russia Soyuz TM-26, Soyuz TMA-8
  • Igor Volk* (1937–2017) — Soviet Union Soyuz T-12
  • Alexander Volkov* — Soviet Union Soyuz T-14, Soyuz TM-7, Soyuz TM-13, Russia Soyuz TM-13
  • Sergei Aleksandrovich Volkov* — Russia Soyuz TMA-12, Soyuz TMA-02M
  • Vladislav Volkov (1935–1971), Died on reentry. — Soviet Union Soyuz 7, Soyuz 11
  • Boris Volynov — Soviet Union Soyuz 5, Soyuz 21
  • Sergei Vozovikov (1958–1993), drowned during survival training program — Russia No flights.

Y

  • Boris Yegorov (1937–1994) — Soviet Union Voskhod 1
  • Aleksei Yeliseyev — Soviet Union Soyuz 5/4, Soyuz 8, Soyuz 10
  • Fyodor Yurchikhin* — Russia STS-112, Soyuz TMA-10, Soyuz TMA-19, Soyuz TMA-09M

Z

  • Dmitri Zaikin (1932–2013) — Soviet Union No flights.
  • Sergei Zalyotin — Russia Soyuz TM-30, Soyuz TMA-1/TM-34
  • Vitali Zholobov* — Soviet Union Soyuz 21
  • Vyacheslav Zudov — Soviet Union Soyuz 23

Soviet and Russian cosmonauts born outside Russia

All of the locations below were part of the former U.S.S.R. at the time of the cosmonauts' birth.

Azerbaidzhan S.S.R. / Azerbaijan
  • Musa Manarov, born in Baku, Azerbaijan Soviet Union
Byelorussian S.S.R. / Belarus
  • Pyotr Klimuk, born in Komarovka, Belarus Soviet Union
  • Vladimir Kovalyonok, born in Beloye, Belarus Soviet Union
  • Oleg Novitski, born in Chervyen', Belarus Russia
Georgian S.S.R. / Georgia
  • Fyodor Yurchikhin, born in Batumi, Georgia Russia
Kazakh S.S.R. / Kazakhstan
  • Toktar Aubakirov, born in Karaganda, Kazakhstan Soviet Union
  • Yuri Lonchakov, born in Balkhash, Kazakhstan Russia
  • Talgat Musabayev, born in Kargaly, Kazakhstan Russia
  • Viktor Patsayev, born in Aktyubinsk, Kazakhstan Soviet Union
  • Dmitry Petelin — born in Kustanai, Kazakhstan
  • Vladimir Shatalov, born in Petropavlovsk, Kazakhstan Soviet Union
  • Aleksandr Viktorenko, born in Olginka, Kazakhstan Soviet Union Russia
Kirghiz S.S.R. / Kyrgyzstan
  • Salizhan Sharipov, born in Uzgen, Kyrgyzstan Russia
  • Sergey Korsakov, born in Krunze, Kyrgyzstan Russia
Latvian S.S.R. / Latvia
  • Aleksandr Kaleri, born in Jūrmala, Latvia Russia
  • Anatoly Solovyev, born in Riga, Latvia Soviet Union Russia
  • Oleg Artemyev, born in Riga, Latvia Soviet Union Russia
Turkmen S.S.R. / Turkmenistan
  • Oleg Kononenko, born in Chardzhou, Turkmenistan Russia
Ukrainian S.S.R. / Ukraine
  • Anatoly Artsebarsky, born in Prosyana, Ukraine Soviet Union
  • Georgi Beregovoi, born in Federivka, Ukraine Soviet Union
  • Georgiy Dobrovolskiy, born in Odessa, Ukraine Soviet Union
  • Yuri Gidzenko, born in Yelanets, Ukraine Ukraine
  • Leonid Kizim, born in Krasnyi Lyman, Ukraine Soviet Union
  • Oleg Kotov, born in Simferopol, Ukraine Ukraine
  • Anatoli Levchenko, born in Krasnokutsk, Ukraine Soviet Union
  • Vladimir Lyakhov, born in Antratsyt, Ukraine Soviet Union
  • Yuri Malenchenko, born in Svitlovodsk, Ukraine Ukraine
  • Yuri Onufriyenko, born in Ryasne, Ukraine Ukraine
  • Leonid Popov, born in Oleksandriia, Ukraine Soviet Union
  • Pavel Popovich, born in Uzyn, Ukraine. Soviet Union
  • Georgi Shonin, born in Rovenky, Ukraine Soviet Union
  • Vasili Tsibliyev, born in Horikhivka, Ukraine Ukraine
  • Vladimir Vasyutin, born in Kharkiv, Ukraine Soviet Union
  • Igor Volk, born in Zmiiv, Ukraine Soviet Union
  • Aleksandr Volkov, born in Horlivka, Ukraine Soviet Union Ukraine
  • Sergei Aleksandrovich Volkov, born in Chuhuiv, Ukraine Ukraine
  • Vitali Zholobov, born in Zburyivka, Ukraine Soviet Union
Uzbek S.S.R. / Uzbekistan
  • Vladimir Dzhanibekov, born in Iskandar, Uzbekistan Soviet Union

See also

  • Intercosmos, a Soviet space program designed to give nations on friendly relations with the Soviet Union access to crewed and uncrewed space missions
  • Roscosmos, the program's eventual post-Soviet continuation under the Russian Federation
  • Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR and Pilot-Cosmonaut of the Russian Federation, an honorary titles
  • List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
  • List of Russian human spaceflight missions

References

  1. ↑ "An assembly and test building is under construction for spacecraft for flights to the Moon" (in ru). https://cbsmedia.ru/rossiya/pod-korabli-dlya-poletov-na-lunu-stroitsya-montazhno-ispytatelniy-korpus/. 
  2. ↑ "Действующие космонавты отряда космонавтов Роскоcмоса". 2018-08-01. https://www.gctc.ru/main.php?id=154. 

External links



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