Mucosal Melanoma

Photograph at initial examination showing an oversized pigmented soft mass (melanoma) arising from the palate.
Pronunciation|

* \ myü-ˈkō-zəl, \ ˌme-lə-ˈnō-mə

Specialty| Oncology, pathology, dermatology, gynecology, gastroenterology
Symptoms| malaise, fatigue, bleeding, diarrhea, constipation, nose bleeds, skin discoloration, itching, discharge, ulcers, anosmia, hyposmia, skin irritation, canker sores, bloody stools, bloody urine, gum disease, rosacea
Complications| distant and/or microscopic metastasis
Types| mucosal melanoma of the head and neck, vulvar melanoma, vaginal melanoma, anorectal melanoma
Causes| smoking, carcinogens, genetics, chemicals, CID, HIV
Diagnostic method| biopsy, colonoscopy
Treatment| radiation, chemotherapy, surgery

Mucosal melanoma is a rare condition characterized by a melanoma of the mucous membranes. This subtype is associated a worse prognosis than those arising from the skin.[1]: 696 [2] Mucosal melanomas occur in the head and neck (55%), anorectal (24%) and vulvovaginal region (18%), and in the urinary tract (3%).[3] Based on the histopathologic and clinical features, melanomas of the vulva and vagina are often considered a separate disease entity.[4] The prognosis of vulvovaginal melanomas is poor, especially for vaginal melanomas and has not improved over the last decades.[5] While chemotherapy has not shown capacity to improve survival in clinical and observational studies, immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., pembrolizumab) have been tested in mucosal melanomas and have shown promising response rates.[6][7]

## See also

* Melanoma

## References

1. ↑ James, William D. et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. Saunders Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
2. ↑ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
3. ↑ "The National Cancer Data Base report on cutaneous and noncutaneous melanoma: a summary of 84,836 cases from the past decade. The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer and the American Cancer Society.". Cancer 83 (8): 1664–78. October 1998. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19981015)83:8<1664::aid-cncr23>3.0.co;2-g. PMID 9781962.
4. ↑ "Vulvar malignancies: an interdisciplinary perspective.". Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft 17 (12): 1257–1276. December 2019. doi:10.1111/ddg.13995. PMID 31829526.
5. ↑ "Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina: A US Population-Based Study of 1863 Patients.". American Journal of Clinical Dermatology 21 (2): 285–295. November 2019. doi:10.1007/s40257-019-00487-x. PMID 31784896.
6. ↑ Hamid, Omid; Robert, Caroline; Ribas, Antoni; Hodi, F. Stephen; Walpole, Euan; Daud, Adil; Arance, Ana S.; Brown, Ewan et al. (September 2018). "Antitumour activity of pembrolizumab in advanced mucosal melanoma: a post-hoc analysis of KEYNOTE-001, 002, 006". British Journal of Cancer 119 (6): 670–674. doi:10.1038/s41416-018-0207-6. ISSN 1532-1827. PMID 30202085.
7. ↑ Wohlmuth, Christoph; Wohlmuth-Wieser, Iris; Laframboise, Stéphane (2020-11-24). "Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Response With Checkpoint Inhibitors in Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva and Vagina". Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease 25 (2): 146–151. doi:10.1097/LGT.0000000000000583. ISSN 1526-0976. PMID 33252450.

## External links

Classification|

* ICD-10: C43.9
* OMIM: 155600
* MeSH: D008546

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