Comparison of email clients

Short description: None

The following tables compare general and technical features of notable non-web-based email client programs.

## Contents

* 1 General
* 2 Release history
* 3 Operating system support
* 4 Protocol support
* 4.1 Communication and access protocol support
* 4.2 Integration protocol support
* 4.3 Authentication support
* 4.4 SSL and TLS support
* 5 Features
* 5.1 General features
* 5.2 Messages features
* 5.3 Database, folders and customization
* 5.4 Templates, scripts and programming languages
* 6 Internationalization
* 7 See also
* 8 Notes
* 9 References
* 10 External links

## General

Basic general information about the clients: creator/company, O/S, license, and interface.

No longer in active development

Client  | Author/Developer  | Operating system  | Software license | User Interface

|
|
|
|

Alpine | University of Washington | Cross-platform | Apache-2.0 | TUI
Apple Mail | Apple  | macOS, iOS, watchOS | Proprietary | GUI (Cocoa)
Balsa | Stuart Parmenter  | Linux | GPL-2.0-or-later | GUI (GTK3)
Becky! Internet Mail | Rimarts  | Windows | Proprietary | GUI
BlitzMail | Dartmouth College |  | BSD licenses | GUI
Canary Mail | Cartasec Pte. Ltd.  | Cross-platform  | Proprietary | GUI
Citadel  | citadel.org  | Unix-like | GPL-3.0-only | Webmail
Claws Mail | the Claws Mail team  | Cross-platform  | GPL-3.0-or-later | GUI (GTK2)
Courier (formerly Calypso) | Micro Computer Systems, Inc., continued by Rose City Software  | Windows  | Proprietary | GUI
Elm | Dave Taylor, Sydney Weinstein, Bill Pemberton, Michael Elkins, Kari Hurtta  | Unix-like  | BSD-like[1] | TUI
eM Client | eM Client Inc.  | Windows, macOS, Android, iOS  | Proprietary | GUI
EmailTray | Internet Promotion Agency S.A.  | Windows, Android | Proprietary | GUI
Eudora OSE | Qualcomm | Windows, macOS | Open source  | GUI
Evolution | The GNOME Project  | Unix-like | LGPL-2.1-only or LGPL-3.0-only | GUI (GTK)
FirstClass | Open Text  |  | Proprietary | GUI
Forté Agent | Mark Sidell  | Windows  | Proprietary | GUI
Geary | The GNOME Project (formerly Yorba Foundation)  | Unix-like  | LGPL-2.1-or-later | GUI (GTK)
GNUMail | Ludovic Marcotte and others  | Unix-like, macOS  | GPL-2.0-or-later | GUI
Gnus | Gnus team  | Cross-platform  | GPL-3.0-or-later | TUI and GUI
GroupWise | Micro Focus (formerly Novell)  | Cross-platform  | Proprietary | GUI
Hiri | Hiri  | Cross-platform  | Proprietary | GUI
i.Scribe, InScribe | Memecode  | Windows, macOS, Linux  | GPL-3.0-only | GUI
HCL Notes (formerly IBM Notes and IBM Lotus Notes)  | HCL Technologies (formerly IBM and Lotus Software), HCL Technologies  | Windows, macOS, Linux  | Proprietary | GUI (Notes), Web (Verse, iNotes) and Mobile (Traveler)
IMP | Horde LLC  | Cross-platform  | GPL-2.0-only | Webmail
K-9 Mail (now known as Thunderbird Mobile)  | K-9 Dog Walkers: cketti, et al.  | Android  | Apache-2.0 | GUI
KMail  | KDE | Cross-platform  | GNU General Public License | GUI (Qt)
Mail (Windows) | Microsoft  | Windows  | Proprietary | GUI
Mailbird | Mailbird | Windows  | Proprietary | GUI
Mailpile | Mailpile | Windows, macOS, Linux  | AGPL-3.0-or-later | Webmail
mailx | ?  | Unix-like  | BSD Licenses  | TUI
Microsoft Entourage | Microsoft | macOS  | Proprietary | GUI
Microsoft Outlook | Microsoft  | Windows, macOS  | Proprietary | GUI
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | Mozilla Foundation |  | Mozilla Public License | GUI (XUL)
Mozilla Thunderbird | Mozilla Foundation  | Cross-platform | MPL-2.0 | GUI (XUL)
Mulberry | Cyrus Daboo (formerly Cyrusoft International, Inc./ISAMET)  | Cross-platform  | Apache-2.0 | GUI
Mutt | Michael Elkins  | Cross-platform  | GPL-2.0-or-later | TUI (ncurses)
Netscape Messenger | Netscape Communications  |  | ?  | GUI
Netscape Messenger 9 | Netscape Communications  |  | Mozilla Public License | GUI
Nylas Mail | Nylas  | Windows, macOS, Linux  | MIT | GUI
nmh / MH | RAND Corporation | Unix-like  | BSD Licenses  | CLI
Opera Mail  | Opera Software  | Cross-platform  | Proprietary | GUI
Outlook Express | Microsoft  | Windows  | Proprietary | GUI
Pegasus Mail | David Harris  | Windows  | Proprietary | GUI
Pine | University of Washington | Cross-platform  | Freeware[2] | TUI
Pocomail | Poco Systems  | Windows  | Proprietary | GUI
RoundCube  | The RoundCube Team  | Cross-platform  | GPL-3.0-or-later | Webmail
Samsung Email | Samsung Electronics | Samsung, Android 8+  | Proprietary | GUI
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups  | SeaMonkey Council  | Cross-platform  | MPL-2.0 | GUI (XUL)
Spark | Readdle  | macOS  | Proprietary | GUI
SquirrelMail | The SquirrelMail Project Team  | Cross-platform  | GPL-2.0-or-later | Webmail
Superhuman | Rahul Vohra  | Cross-platform  | Proprietary | Webmail
Sylpheed | Hiroyuki Yamamoto  | Cross-platform | Sylpheed: GPL-2.0-or-later
LibSylph: LGPL-2.1-or-later | GUI (GTK2)
The Bat! | RitLabs  | Windows  | Proprietary | GUI
Trojitá | KDE | Cross-platform  | GPL-2.0-only or GPL-3.0-only[Note 1] | GUI (Qt)
Turnpike | Thus PLC (Demon Internet)  | Windows  | Proprietary | GUI
Vivaldi | Vivaldi Technologies AS  | Cross-platform  | Proprietary | GUI (Chrome)
Windows Live Mail | Microsoft  | Windows  | Proprietary | GUI
Windows Mail (Vista)  | Microsoft  | Windows  | Proprietary | GUI
YAM | YAM Open Source Team and contributing authors  | AmigaOS | GPL-2.0-or-later | GUI
Zimbra Desktop | Zimbra | Cross-platform  | Mozilla Public License for server and ZPL for client  | GUI
Client  | Author/Developer  | Operating system  | Software license  | User interface

1. ↑ Or LicenseRef-KDE-Accepted-GPL: "Any later version accepted by the membership of KDE e.V. (or its successor approved by the membership of KDE e.V.), which shall act as a proxy defined in Section 14 of version 3 of the license."

## Release history

A brief digest of the release histories.

Client  | First public Date  | First public Version  | First stable Date  | First stable Version  | Latest stable release

|
|
|
|
|

Alpine | 2006-11  | 0.8  | 2007 December  | 1.00  |
Apple Mail | 2001-03-24  | ?  | ?  | ?  | (Error: first parameter is missing. ())
Becky! Internet Mail | 1996  | 1  | ?  | ?  |
Canary Mail | 2017-06-15  | 1.0  | 2017-06-15  | 1.0  | 4.01 (5 June 2023)
Citadel  | 1987  | ?  | 1988  | 1.00  |
Claws Mail | 2001-05  | 0.4.67  | 2005-01  | 1.0.0  |
Courier | 2004-06  | 3.5  | discontinued  | discontinued  | 3.5 (June 2004) [±]
Elm | 1986  | ?  | 1987-03  | 2  |
eM Client | 2007-11  | 1.0  | 2007-11  | 1.0  | 9.2.2157.0 (October 10, 2023; 2 years ago (2023-10-10)) [±]
EmailTray | 2010-10  | 2.0  | 2011-03  | 3.11  | 4.0 (July 2, 2012; 14 years ago (2012-07-02)) [±]
Eudora | 1988[3] | ?  | 1988[3] | ?  | 7.1 (Windows), 6.2.4 (Mac OS) (October 11, 2006; 19 years ago (2006-10-11)) [±]
Evolution | 2000-05-11  | 0.0  | 2001-12-03  | 1.0  |
Forté Agent | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | 8 (October 20, 2014; 11 years ago (2014-10-20)) [±]
Geary | 2012  | 0.1  | 2012  | 0.1  |
Gnus | 1987[4] | ?  | 1988-02-01[4] | 2.0  | 2015-04-06
GroupWise | ?  | ?  | 1986  | 1.0  |
Hiri | 2014-02  | 0.4  | 2016-06  | 1.0  | 1.0.11 (June 10, 2017; 9 years ago (2017-06-10)) [±]
i.Scribe / InScribe | 1999  | 1.00  | ?  | ?  |

1. REDIRECT Template:Latest stable software release/i.Scribe/InScribe

HCL Notes (formerly IBM Lotus Notes)  | 1989  | 1.0  | 1989  | 1.0  |
IMP | ?  | ?  | 1998  | 1.0  |
K-9 Mail | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  |
KMail  | 1998-10  | Alpha  | 1999-02  | 1.0.17  |
Mailbird | 2013-04-01  | Public Beta  | ?  | ?  | 2.9.29 (April 22, 2021; 5 years ago (2021-04-22)) [±]
Mailpile | 2011-11  | [5] | [6] | [7] | 1.0.0rc6 (September 4, 2019; 6 years ago (2019-09-04)[8]) [±]
Microsoft Entourage | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | 2008 (12.3.6) (March 12, 2013; 13 years ago (2013-03-12)) [±]
Microsoft Office Outlook | 1997  | 97  | 1997  | 97  | | Software:Microsoft 365 (Windows)| 2312 (Build 17126.20132)[9] / January 9, 2024; 2 years ago (2024-01-09)

|

Software:Microsoft 365 (Mac)| 16.80 (Build 23121017) / December 12, 2023; 2 years ago (2023-12-12)[10]
One-time purchase (Retail)| 2021 Version 2311 (Build 17029.20108)[11] / December 12, 2023; 2 years ago (2023-12-12)[12]
One-time purchase (LTSC)| 2021 Version 2108 (Build 14332.20615) / December 12, 2023; 2 years ago (2023-12-12)[11]
Mozilla Thunderbird | 2003-07-28  | 0.1  | 2004-12-07  | 1.0  |
Mulberry | 1996-09-20  | 1.0  | 1996-09-20  | 1.0  | 4.0.8 (February 21, 2007; 19 years ago (2007-02-21)) [±]
Mutt | 1995  | ?  | ?  | ?  |
Netscape Messenger | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | 7.2 (August 17, 2007; 18 years ago (2007-08-17)) [±]
Netscape Messenger 9 | 2007-11-15  | 9.0a1  | discontinued  | discontinued  | 2007-11-15
nmh / MH | 1979  | ?  | ?  | ?  | 1.5 (June 11, 2012; 14 years ago (2012-06-11)) [±]
Opera Mail  | 1996-09  | 2.1b1  | 1996-12  | 2.1  | 1.0.1044[13] (February 16, 2016; 10 years ago (2016-02-16)) [±]
Outlook Express | 1996  | 3.0  | ?  | ?  |
Pegasus Mail | 1990  | ?  | 1990  | ?  |
Pine | 1992-01-15  | 2.00  | 1992-01-15  | 2.00  |
Pocomail | 1999  | ?  | ?  | ?  | 4.8 build 4400 (April 6, 2009; 17 years ago (2009-04-06)) [±]
RoundCube  | 2006  | 0.1-rc1  | 2014-04-07  | 1.0.0  |
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups  | 2005-09-15  | 1.0a  | 2006-01-30  | 1.0  |
SquirrelMail | 1999-12  | 0.1  | 2001-01  | 1.0  |
Sylpheed | 2000-01  | 0.1.0  | 2004-12  | 1.0.0  |
The Bat! | 1997-03  | 1.0 Beta  | 1998-03  | 1.00 Build 1310  |
Trojitá | 2009-08  | 0.1  | 2012-12  | 0.3.90  |
Turnpike | 1996 (circa)  | 1.0  | 1996 (circa)  | 1.0  | 6.06 (May 23, 2006; 20 years ago (2006-05-23)) [±]
Vivaldi | 2015-11-03  | Beta 1  | 2022-06-09  | 1.0  |
Windows Live Mail | 2007-11-06  | 12  | 2007-11-06  | 12  | 2012 (v16.4.3528.0331) (November 4, 2014; 11 years ago (2014-11-04)) [±]
Windows Mail  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | 2007-01-01
YAM | 1995  | 1.0  | 1995  | 1.0  |
Zimbra | 2005-11  | Beta  | 2006-03  | 3.5  | 8.6.0[14] (December 15, 2014; 11 years ago (2014-12-15)) [±]

## Operating system support

The operating systems on which the clients can run natively (without emulation).

Client  | Microsoft Windows | macOS | Linux | BSD  | Unix | DOS | Other

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Alpine | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
Apple Mail | No  | Included  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Balsa | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No
Becky! Internet Mail | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Canary Mail | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Citadel  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
Claws Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
Courier | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Elm | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
eM Client | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
EmailTray | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Eudora | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Evolution | No [Note 1] | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
Forté Agent | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Geary | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
Gnus | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No
GroupWise | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No
Hiri | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No
i.Scribe / InScribe | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No
IBM Lotus Notes | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No
IMP | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
KMail  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
Mailbird | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Mailpile | Yes [Note 2] | Yes [Note 2] | Yes  | Yes [Note 3] | Yes [Note 3] | No [Note 4] | No [Note 4]
mailx | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
Microsoft Entourage | No  | Terminated (2008)  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Microsoft Office Outlook | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | Terminated (1.7.13)  | No  | No
Mozilla Thunderbird | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
Mulberry | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
Mutt | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes[15] | No
Netscape Messenger | Terminated (4.80)  | No  | No
Netscape Messenger 9 | Terminated (9.0a1)  | No  | No
nmh / MH | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
Opera Mail  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No
Outlook Express | Included (up to XP)  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Pegasus Mail | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | NetWare
NLM
Pine | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Terminated (3.96)[16] | No
Pocomail | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
RoundCube  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
SquirrelMail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
Sylpheed | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
The Bat! | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Trojitá | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | MeeGo
Turnpike | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Vivaldi | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
Windows Live Mail | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Windows Mail  | Included (Vista)  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
YAM | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | AmigaOS
AROS
MorphOS
Zimbra | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
Client  | Microsoft Windows | macOS | Linux | BSD  | Unix | DOS | Other

1. ↑ Development stopped in 2008
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Packaging planned
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Free Software project, source available.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Free Software porting tangible provided OS has web browser.

## Protocol support

### Communication and access protocol support

What email and related protocols and standards are supported by each client.

Client  | POP3
fetch all messages
(RFC 1939)  | POP3
selected by filter
(RFC 1939)  | POP3
selected by user
(RFC 1939)  | IMAP4
(RFC 3501)  | SMTP
(RFC 5321)  | NNTP
(RFC 3977)  | LDAP v2
(RFC 4511)  | LDAP v3
(RFC 4511)  | EWS | IPv6
(RFC 2460)  | MAPI

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Alpine | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?
Apple Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?
Becky! Internet Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes [Note 1] | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Canary Mail | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No
Citadel  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Claws Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?
Courier | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Elm | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
eM Client | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No
EmailTray | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Evolution | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | plug-in  | ?  | plug-in
Gnus | Yes  | Yes  | Yes[17] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Plug-in[18]
GroupWise | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes
Hiri | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No
i.Scribe / InScribe | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes [Note 2] | Yes [Note 2] | No  | No  | Yes
HCL Notes | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No
KMail  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No [Note 3] | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Mailbird | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?
Mailpile | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Microsoft Entourage | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Partial  | ?  | ?
Microsoft Entourage 2008, Web Services Edition | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?
Microsoft Office Outlook | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Mozilla Thunderbird | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Partial  | Partial[19] | Yes[20] | Yes  | Yes
Mulberry | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes
Mutt | Yes  | No (possible with POP3 browser)  | No (possible with POP3 browser)  | Yes  | Yes  | No (slrn looks alike)  | Partial (resolve real names through NSS)  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?
Netscape Messenger | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Netscape Messenger 9 | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
nmh / MH | Yes  | ?  | ?  | No  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | No  | ?  | No
Opera Mail  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | Yes  | Yes
Outlook Express | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  | ?  | No
Pegasus Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes [Note 4] | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Pine | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?
Pocomail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?
RoundCube  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Partial  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?
SquirrelMail | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Sylpheed | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | No
The Bat! | Yes  | Yes [Note 5] | Yes [Note 6] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes [Note 7] | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes
Trojitá | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | No
Turnpike | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Vivaldi | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes
Windows Live Mail | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  | Yes  | No
Windows Mail  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | No  | Yes  | No
YAM | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?
Zimbra | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Client  | POP3
fetch all messages
(RFC 1939)  | POP3
selected by filter
(RFC 1939)  | POP3
selected by user
(RFC 1939)  | IMAP4
(RFC 3501)  | SMTP
(RFC 5321)  | NNTP
(RFC 3977)  | LDAP v2
(RFC 4511)  | LDAP v3
(RFC 4511)  | EWS | IPv6
(RFC 2460)  | MAPI

### Integration protocol support

Client  | IMSP
([3])  | ACAP
(RFC 2244)  | RSS 0.91 Feeds | RSS 1.0 Feeds | RSS 2.0 Feeds | ATOM Feeds | iCalendar
(RFC 5545)  | MAPI/RPC  | CalDAV
(RFC 4791)  | CardDAV
(RFC 6352)

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Alpine | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Apple Mail | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes
Becky! Internet Mail | ?  | ?  | Yes [Note 8] | Yes [Note 8] | Yes [Note 8] | Yes [Note 8] | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Canary Mail | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Citadel  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Claws Mail | ?  | ?  | No  | Yes [Note 9] | Yes [Note 9] | Yes [Note 9] | Yes [Note 10] | ?  | ?  | ?
Courier | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?
Elm | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
eM Client | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes
EmailTray | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?
Eudora | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?
Evolution | No  | No  | No [Note 11] | No [Note 11] | No [Note 11] | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Gnus | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes[21] | Yes[22] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
GroupWise | ?  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Hiri | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
i.Scribe / InScribe | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | ?
IBM Lotus Notes | No  | No  | Yes [Note 12] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
KMail  | ?  | ?  | Yes [Note 13] | Yes [Note 13] | Yes [Note 13] | Yes [Note 13] | Yes [Note 14] | ?  | Yes  | Yes
Mailpile | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Microsoft Entourage | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Microsoft Office Outlook | ?  | ?  | Yes [Note 15] | Yes [Note 15] | Yes [Note 15] | Yes [Note 15] | Yes [Note 16] | Yes  | No  | No
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Mozilla Thunderbird | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes [Note 17] | Yes [Note 18] | Yes  | Yes
Mulberry | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?
Mutt | ?  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?
Netscape Messenger | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Netscape Messenger 9 | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
nmh / MH | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Opera Mail  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | No  | No
Outlook Express | ?  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | No  | No
Pegasus Mail | ?  | ?  | Yes [Note 4] | Yes [Note 4] | Yes [Note 4] | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Pine | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?
Pocomail | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes [Note 17] | ?  | ?  | ?
SquirrelMail | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?
Sylpheed | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?
The Bat! | No  | No  | Yes [Note 19] | Yes [Note 19] | Yes [Note 19] | Yes [Note 19] | No  | Yes  | ?  | Yes
Trojitá | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?
Turnpike | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Windows Live Mail | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?
Windows Mail  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
YAM | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?
Zimbra | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Client  | IMSP
([4])  | ACAP
(RFC 2244)  | RSS 0.91 Feeds | RSS 1.0 Feeds | RSS 2.0 Feeds | ATOM Feeds | iCalendar
(RFC 5545)  | MAPI/RPC  | CalDAV
(RFC 4791)  | CardDAV
(RFC 6352)

1. ↑ Becky! requires FRNews or BkNews plugin installed for handling NNTP.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 i.Scribe / InScribe requires a plugin to handle LDAP.
3. ↑ KDE supports Newsgroups (NNTP) by the use of KNode
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Pegasus Mail can convert Newsgroup messages and/or RSS feeds to emails through the use of free add-ons.
5. ↑ Selective Download filters can skip/delete messages on POP3 server based on header (sender, recipient, subject, etc) information, this doesn't require to retrieve the full message body from the server.
6. ↑ Message Dispatcher allows the user to decide which messages should be retrieved, deleted or skipped based on the header information (sender, recipient, subject, etc) displayed to the user.
7. ↑ The Bat! requires MyGate plugin installed for handling NNTP.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Becky! requires BkBlogReader or BkRSSviewer or B.F.R or BkRssReader plugin installed for handling RSS and ATOM.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 RSSyl plugin is required to read RSS and ATOM in Claws Mail.
10. ↑ vCalendar plugin is required to handle iCalendar in Claws Mail.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 The evolution-rss plugin (provided as a separate package by many distributions provides the RSS functionality in Evolution.
12. ↑ Studio Blog Reader is one RSS reader application for IBM Lotus Notes. IBM Lotus Notes version 8.x introduced a native RSS reader.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 KDE supports feeds by the use of Akregator
14. ↑ KDE supports iCal by the use of KOrganizer
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 Support of feeds is available in Microsoft Office Outlook 2007. Earlier versions require RSSPopper plug-in.
16. ↑ Microsoft Outlook support of iCalendar varies by version.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 iCalendar is supported with an extension.
18. ↑ Mozilla Thunderbird only supports SimpleMAPI.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 The Bat! versions prior to 6.3 required rss2mail or rss2pop3 plugin installed for handling RSS and ATOM. The Bat! versions 6.3 and later have built-in support for RSS.

### Authentication support

Client  | Regular  | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | CRAM-HMAC
[Note 1] | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header".

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Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header".
Alpine | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | ?
Apple Mail | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes [Note 2]
Becky! Internet Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?
Canary Mail | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes
Citadel  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Claws Mail | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | Yes  | No  | Yes
Courier | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?
Elm | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
eM Client | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes
EmailTray | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | ?
Eudora | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?
Evolution | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes
Gnus | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?
GroupWise | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Hiri | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes
i.Scribe / InScribe | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes
IBM Lotus Notes | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | ?  | ?
KMail  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?
Mailpile | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Microsoft Entourage | Yes  | No  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?
Microsoft Office Outlook | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | ?
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Mozilla Thunderbird | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No[23] | ?  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Mulberry | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?
Mutt | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | 1.5.15  | Yes  | 1.10.1
Netscape Messenger | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Netscape Messenger 9 | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
nmh / MH | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Opera Mail  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?
Outlook Express | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | ?
Pegasus Mail | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?
Pine | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | ?
Pocomail | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
RoundCube  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No[23] | ?  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?
SquirrelMail | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?
Sylpheed | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | No
The Bat! | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | Yes [Note 3] | Yes [Note 3] | Yes  | No  | Yes
Trojitá | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | ?
Turnpike | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Windows Live Mail | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Windows Mail  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes [Note 4]
YAM | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | AmiSSL  | ?
Zimbra | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes [Note 5] | ?  | ?
Client  | Regular  | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | CRAM-HMAC
[Note 1] | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header".
Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header".

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Description: RFC 2195
2. ↑ Minimum Mac OS version 10.11. Minimum iOS version 11.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Professional Edition.
4. ↑ Windows 10 required.
5. ↑ Zimbra Desktop supports SMTP auth, not sure about collaboration suite

Cite error: `<ref>` tag with name "APOP" defined in `<references>` is not used in prior text.

Cite error: `<ref>` tag with name "SMTPAUTH" defined in `<references>` is not used in prior text.

### SSL and TLS support

Client  | Secure POP3  | Secure IMAP4  | Secure SMTP  | Secure NNTP  | Secure LDAP  | SNI  | OCSP [Note 1] | CRL [Note 2]

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SSL  | TLS [Note 3] | SSL  | TLS [Note 3] | SSL  | TLS [Note 4] | SSL  | TLS  | SSL  | TLS
Alpine | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Apple Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Becky! Internet Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Canary Mail | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Citadel  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Claws Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes
Courier | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Elm | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
eM Client | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | No  | Yes
EmailTray | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | No  | No
Eudora | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Evolution | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No
Gnus | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
GroupWise | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Hiri | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
i.Scribe / InScribe | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | No  | No
IBM Lotus Notes | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes
KMail  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Mailpile | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Microsoft Entourage | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Microsoft Office Outlook | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Mozilla Thunderbird | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Mulberry | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Mutt | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | 1.5.15  | 1.5.15  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Netscape Messenger | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Netscape Messenger 9 | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
nmh / MH | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Opera Mail  | Yes  | Partial [Note 5] | Yes  | Partial [Note 5] | Yes  | Partial [Note 5] | Yes  | No  | N/A  | N/A  | ?  | Yes  | Yes
Outlook Express | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Pegasus Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Pine | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?
Pocomail | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
RoundCube  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
SquirrelMail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Sylpheed | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
The Bat! | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes [Note 6] | Yes [Note 6]
Trojitá | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes (system)  | Yes (system)
Turnpike | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Windows Live Mail | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Windows Mail  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
YAM | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Zimbra | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Client  | Secure POP3  | Secure IMAP4  | Secure SMTP  | Secure NNTP  | Secure LDAP  | SNI  | OCSP [Note 1] | CRL [Note 2]
SSL  | TLS [Note 3] | SSL  | TLS [Note 3] | SSL  | TLS [Note 4] | SSL  | TLS  | SSL  | TLS

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Online Certificate Status Protocol \- Description: RFC 2560
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Certificate revocation list \- Description: RFC 3280
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Description: RFC 2595
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Description: RFC 2487
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Opera Mail does not support STARTTLS command on special ports, like 995 for pop3 connection
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Since version 4.2, The Bat! supports two modes of X.509 certificate handling: Internal Implementation and via Microsoft CryptoAPI. CRLs and OCSP are only supported in the latter mode during TLS connections.

## Features

Information on what features each of the clients support.

### General features

For all of these clients, the concept of "HTML support" does not mean that they can process the full range of HTML that a web browser can handle. Almost all email readers limit HTML features, either for security reasons, or because of the nature of the interface. CSS and JavaScript can be especially problematic.

Client  | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Junk filtering  | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | PGP support  | S/MIME support

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local  | server- side  | inline  | PGP/MIME or OpenPGP  | protocol  | OCSP  | CRL | certificates on tokens,
smartcards support
Alpine | Read only  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Apple Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No
Becky! Internet Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Canary Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No
Citadel  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes [Note 1] | ?  | ?  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Claws Mail | Read-only  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes
Courier | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Elm | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
eM Client | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes
EmailTray | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Eudora | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Pro only  | Pro only  | ?  | Yes  | No  | Yes [Note 2] | Yes [Note 2] | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Evolution | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Gnus | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes
GroupWise | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Hiri | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
i.Scribe / InScribe | Read-only  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
HCL Notes | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes [Note 3] | ?  | Yes  | Yes
(4.1.2+) | Yes  | Yes[24] | Yes  | Yes
KMail  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
(with GPG) | Yes
(1.5+, with GPGME) | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?
Mailbird | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Mailpile | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Microsoft Entourage | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes
Microsoft Office Outlook | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes (2010+)[25] | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Mozilla Thunderbird | Yes  | Yes [Note 4] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes [Note 5] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes [Note 6] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes
Mulberry | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes [Note 7] | Yes [Note 7] | Yes [Note 7] | ?  | ?  | ?
Mutt | Read-only  | Yes  | Yes
(no support for images) | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes (with GPGME)  | ?
Netscape Messenger | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Netscape Messenger 9 | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
nmh / MH | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Opera Mail  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Outlook Express | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes [Note 8] | No [Note 9] | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Pegasus Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes
(sending is broken) | ?  | No  | No  | No
Pine | Read-only  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes
(with Pine Privacy Guard) | No  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Pocomail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
RoundCube  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes (depends on antivirus)  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes [Note 6] | Yes [Note 6] | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes
SquirrelMail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes (depends on antivirus)  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Sylpheed | No [Note 10] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | No  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
The Bat! | Yes  | Yes  | Yes [Note 11] | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Partial [Note 12] | Partial [Note 12] | Yes [Note 12]
Trojitá | Read only  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Read only  | Read only  | Read only  | Read only  | Read only
Turnpike | Read-only  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Windows Live Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
Windows Mail  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
YAM | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Zimbra | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes (depends on antivirus)  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  |
Client  | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Junk filtering  | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | PGP support  | S/MIME support
local  | server- side  | inline  | PGP/MIME or OpenPGP  | protocol  | OCSP  | CRL | certificates on tokens,
smartcards support

1. ↑ Citadel plugs Mail into SpamAssassin
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Eudora requires a plugin to handle PGP.
3. ↑ First release 6.0 (September 2003), [1] enhancements introduced in release 7.0 (August 2005)
4. ↑ Although Thunderbird supports UTF-8, its handling of line wraps causes problems with long lines of text that don't contain spaces, which essentially makes it unusable for certain languages (e.g. Chinese, Japanese, Korean) [2]
5. ↑ Mozilla Thunderbird adds this feature in Thunderbird 1.5.0.4
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Using PGP in Thunderbird before version 78 requires Enigmail.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 PGP/GPG and S/MIME support require a free (included) plugin.
8. ↑ Using PGP in Outlook Express requires a plugin.
9. ↑ Outlook Express does not display PGP/MIME signed messages.
10. ↑ Sylpheed has some limited ability to show HTML email. It can show the plain text that's left after stripping away all the HTML tags. Sylpheed has no ability to compose HTML.
11. ↑ The Bat is not able to display inline images.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 The Bat! supports two modes of S/MIME: Internal Implementation and via Microsoft CryptoAPI.[26] CRLs and OCSP are only supported in the latter mode. Internal implementation only supports Aladdin eToken Pro or Rainbow iKey1000[27] tokens and can import certificates (from PKCS#12/PFX format) which were created outside The Bat!. CryptoAPI supports any kind of tokens and smart cards which have a corresponding Cryptographic Service Provider installed.

### Messages features

Client  | Label messages  | Reformat received messages  | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Composing messages  | Native images preview  | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Native documents preview

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Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | jpeg | gif | bmp  | png | others  | txt | pdf | doc  | xls | odt | ods | others
Alpine | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Becky! Internet Mail | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Canary Mail | ?  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes
Citadel  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Claws Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | with a plugin  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Courier | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?
Elm | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
eM Client | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
EmailTray | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?
Eudora | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | QuickTime | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Evolution | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | No  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Gnus | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | XPM | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
GroupWise | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?
Hiri | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
i.Scribe / InScribe | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | Yes [Note 1] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes [Note 2] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes [Note 3] | ICO, TIFF  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
HCL Notes | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | CGM, Lotus PIC, PCX, TIFF  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?
KMail  | Yes
[28] | Yes  | No  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Mailbird | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?
Mailpile | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Microsoft Entourage | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes
[Note 4] | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Microsoft Office Outlook | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | with a plugin  | Yes  | Yes  | 2010  | 2010  | PowerPoint
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Mozilla Thunderbird | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | with a plugin[29] | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes [Note 5] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ICO  | Yes [Note 6] | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Mulberry | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Mutt | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | postpone  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Netscape Messenger | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Netscape Messenger 9 | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
nmh / MH | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Opera Mail  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | APNG, ICO, SVG, WBMP, XBM, WebP | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Outlook Express | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ICO, art  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Pegasus Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | in index  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No [Note 7] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | TIFF  | N/A  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | RTF, HTML
Pine | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | No  | with a patch [Note 8] | ?  | Yes [Note 9] | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Pocomail | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
RoundCube  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
SquirrelMail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?
Sylpheed | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?
The Bat! | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ICO, emf | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Trojitá | No  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes
Turnpike | Yes  | ?  | ?  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Windows Live Mail | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Windows Mail  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
YAM | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Zimbra | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Client  | Label messages  | Reformat received messages  | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Composing messages  | Native images preview  | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Native documents preview
Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | jpeg | gif | bmp  | png | others  | txt | pdf | doc  | xls | odt | ods | others

1. ↑ i.Scribe / InScribe supports full integration with GNU Aspell, which is its requirement for spell checking.
2. ↑ i.Scribe / InScribe requires libjpeg.
3. ↑ i.Scribe / InScribe requires libpng.
4. ↑ Entourage can link a message to a note.
5. ↑ Configurable to start replies at top or bottom, with separate configuration of signature position
6. ↑ Thunderbird requires SL8TR extension.
7. ↑ Starts replies with cursor at top, but is configurable regarding whether to include a blank space at the top for replies or not; some interleaved-posting users prefer starting the cursor at the top so they can trim the quotes
8. ↑ The recoding engine and interface extensions that would solve the described recoding problems have been developed as a patch for Pine; it is to be found in the package pine-4.58L-alt4.src.rpm (ftp) for ALTLinux (under the name `pine-4.58L-alt2-0.4.1.diff`). Its essential feature is to enable to forcibly recode messages, save them in the recoded form, and quote in replies.
9. ↑ Pine supports full integration with GNU Aspell or other external speller, which is its requirement for spell checking.

Cite error: `<ref>` tag with name "recode" defined in `<references>` is not used in prior text.

### Database, folders and customization

Client  | Message file format  | Encrypted database  | Virtual folders | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | New mail notification  | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Indexed search | Search folders [Note 1] | IMAP

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Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header".
Alpine | mbox, mbx, MIX, maildir (with patches), MMDF, tenex, mtx, MH, mx, news, phile  | ?  | Yes  | Partial  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No
Becky! Internet Mail | mbox  | ?  | ?  | No  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Canary Mail | Proprietary | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Citadel  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Claws Mail | MH, mbox (plugin)  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | No  | Yes  | No
Courier | Proprietary | Yes (weak)  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes (layout)  | No  | ?  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes
Elm | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
eM Client | Proprietary (sqlite)  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
EmailTray | Proprietary | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?
Eudora | modified mbox  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes | style="background:#9F9;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"|Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?
Evolution | maildir, mbox, MH | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Partial  | Yes [Note 2] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Gnus | babyl, maildir, mbox, MMDF, news, rnews, SOUP, outlook, oe-dbx  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
[Note 3] | Yes  | Yes  | ?
GroupWise | Proprietary | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No
Hiri | Proprietary  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No
IBM Notes | Proprietary  | Yes[31] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes [Note 4] | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No
KMail  | mbox, maildir  | No  | Yes  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Mailbird | Proprietary  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Partial  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Mailpile | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Microsoft Entourage | Proprietary (Personal Storage Table)  | ?  | Yes  | Partial [Note 5] | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Partial  | No  | No  | Partial [Note 6] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Microsoft Office Outlook | Proprietary (Personal Storage Table)  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes [Note 7] | Yes  | ?  | Yes
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | mbox  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Mozilla Thunderbird | mbox, maildir  | No  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes [Note 8] | ?  | No  | ?  | Yes (as of 3.0)  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Mulberry | mbox [Note 9] | Partial [Note 10] | Partial [Note 10] | Partial [Note 10] | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes | style="background:#FFB;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center; " class="table-partial"|Partial [Note 10] | No  | Yes  | No
Mutt | mbox, MMDF, MH, maildir  | Yes (with compressed folders patch[32])  | ? (has limit command)  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes
[Note 11] | Yes
[Note 11] | Yes  | Yes
Netscape Messenger | mbox  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Netscape Messenger 9 | mbox  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
nmh / MH | MH  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?
Opera Mail  | mbox, MH, Proprietary  | No  | Yes
(all folders are virtual) | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes
Outlook Express | Proprietary  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | No  | ?  | ?  | Yes
Pegasus Mail | Proprietary (mbox-like)  | No  | Yes  | No  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | No[35]
Pine | mbox, mbx, MIX, maildir (with patches), MMDF, tenex, mtx, MH, mx, news, phile  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | No
Pocomail | mbox  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?
RoundCube  | [IMAP Server]  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?
i.Scribe / InScribe | Proprietary (sqlite)  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups  | mbox  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes
SquirrelMail | [IMAP Server]  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?
Sylpheed | MH | No  | Yes  | No  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No [Note 12] | No [Note 12] | Yes  | ?  | No
The Bat! | Proprietary  | Yes (AES 128 bit)

(with Pro and Voyager version) [Note 13]

| Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes

(PCRE 6.2)

| No  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Trojitá | IMAP  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes
Turnpike | Proprietary  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?
Windows Live Mail | File System (.eml)  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?
Windows Mail  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes
YAM | mbox, maildir, oe-dbx  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Zimbra | File system | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
Client  | Message file format  | Encrypted database  | Virtual folders | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | New mail notification  | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | rowspan="2" Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Indexed search | Search folders [Note 1] | IMAP
Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header". | Script error: No such module "Vertical header".

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Search Folders are virtual folders that contain views of all email items matching specific search criteria. Search Folders display the results of previously defined search queries.
2. ↑ Editable keybindings is part of GNOME, provided "Editable menu accelerators" is enabled in GNOME's "Menus & Toolbars" control applet.
3. ↑ Via `nnir` backends such as Notmuch[30]
4. ↑ Fragmented messages are called truncated document in Lotus Notes.
5. ↑ With Entourage 2008, you can use AppleScript and various internal/external scheduling mechanisms to create timed backups of Entourage Data.
6. ↑ With Entourage 2008 and later versions of 2004, you can use the Spotlight data to search what's in the Entourage database via regular expression in the file system in Terminal or via Spotlight's ...interesting...version of "regular expressions".
7. ↑ supported since Office 2007.
8. ↑ Thunderbird's interface can be user customized via the use of themes (which can reposition and skin controls)
9. ↑ This is for Mulberry's 'offline browsing' capability, which is turned off by default. In the default configuration no local copy of the mail is created.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Mulberry is a dedicated IMAP client; If the IMAP server has these abilities, Mulberry can use them.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Via Notmuch or other indexers.[33][34]
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Because MH stores each letter in a separate file, it is trivially easy to (externally) search them with grep. This ease is shattered when non-raw encodings are used, such as base64.
13. ↑ The Bat! Pro support two methods access to program when database is encrypted: password authorization and token authorization; Voyager support only password authorization and encrypted database is default and only available storage method.

Cite error: `<ref>` tag with name "FragmentedMessages" defined in `<references>` is not used in prior text.

### Templates, scripts and programming languages

Client  | Message templates  | Message templates individual for  | Support in message templates scripts, programming languages

|
|
|

new  | reply  | forward  | read confirmation  | save  | print  | JavaScript | VBScript | PHP Scripts  | Python | Regular expressions | Java | Other (specify)
Alpine | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Any  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | No  | ?
Becky! Internet Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Any
account
folder
| ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Canary Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | *
Citadel  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Claws Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | account
folder
| No  | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Perl
Courier | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Elm | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
eM Client | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | account  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Eudora | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Any  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | No
Evolution | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Gnus | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | No  | elisp
GroupWise | Yes  | No  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Hiri | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | Yes  | Yes  | Any  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
i.Scribe / InScribe | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | Any  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Internal macros (similar to JavaScript)
IBM Notes | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | Yes[36] | Yes  | LotusScript, Formula language
KMail  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | none  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?
Mailpile | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Microsoft Entourage | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | AppleScript, Automator
Microsoft Office Outlook | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | No  | No  | ?  | No  | ?  | No  | ?
Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Mozilla Thunderbird | Yes  | Yes[Note 1] | Yes[Note 1] | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | profile  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Mulberry | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?
Mutt | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | ?  | ?  | Any  | No  | No  | No  | No  | Yes  | ?  | Internal macros
Netscape Messenger | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Netscape Messenger 9 | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
nmh / MH | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Opera Mail  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | N/A  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No
Outlook Express | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Pegasus Mail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Pine | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | Any  | ?  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | No  | ?
Pocomail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | PocoScript
RoundCube  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?
SeaMonkey Mail & Newsgroups  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
SquirrelMail | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?
Sylpheed | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?
The Bat! | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | account
folder
address book group
contact  | Yes [Note 2] | Yes [Note 3] | Yes [Note 4] | Yes [Note 5] | Yes  | PCRE 6.2  | Internal and plugins macros
Turnpike | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Windows Live Mail | Yes[Note 6] | Yes[Note 6] | ?  | Yes[Note 6] | ?  | ?  | ?  | Yes  | No  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
Windows Mail  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?  | ?
YAM | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | Yes  | Yes  | ?  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?  | ARexx
Zimbra | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Any  | No  | No  | No  | No  | No  | ?  | ?
Client  | Message templates  | Message templates individual for  | Support in message templates scripts, programming languages
new  | reply  | forward  | read confirmation  | save  | print  | JavaScript | VBScript | PHP Scripts  | Python | Regular expressions | Java | Other (specify)

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Thunderbird supports HTML templates with "Stationery" add-on.
2. ↑ The Bat! supports JavaScript in message templates with the JavaScript Macro plugin.
3. ↑ The Bat! supports VBScript in message templates with the XMP plugin.
4. ↑ The Bat! supports PHP in message templates with the XMP plugin.
5. ↑ The Bat! supports Python in message templates with the TBPyxie plugin.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Weak "stationery" system that only accept pages done with Word.

## Internationalization

This section's factual accuracy is disputed. Please help to ensure that disputed statements are reliably sourced. (April 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

|

The Bat! supports Email Address Internationalization (EAI).[37]

As of October 2016, email clients supporting SMTPUTF8 included Outlook 2016,[38] mail for iOS, and mail for Android.

## See also

* Comparison of feed aggregators
* Comparison of browser engines
* Comparison of mail servers
* Comparison of webmail providers
* List of personal information managers
* Unicode and email
* Webmail

## Notes

## References

1. ↑ Elm Mail System GPL
2. ↑ "Pine License". http://www.washington.edu/pine/overview/legal.html.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "The Birth of Eudora". http://www.eudora.com/presskit/backgrounder.html. Retrieved 2007-04-10.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "GNUS: a NNTP based news reader for GNU Emacs (1 of 2)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190300/http://gnus.org/2.0/gnus.1. Retrieved 2008-08-04.
5. ↑ Alpha
6. ↑ tbd 2017
7. ↑ 1.00 RC
8. ↑ "Releases - mailpile/Mailpile". https://github.com/mailpile/Mailpile/releases.
9. ↑ "Release notes for Current Channel" (in en). https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/officeupdates/current-channel.
10. ↑ "Update history for Office for Mac". 29 December 2023. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/officeupdates/update-history-office-for-mac.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Update history for Office LTSC 2021 and Office 2021". 29 December 2023. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/officeupdates/update-history-office-2021.
12. ↑ Warren, Tom. "Microsoft Office 2021 will launch on October 5th" (in en). https://www.theverge.com/2021/9/16/22677113/microsoft-office-2021-launch-date-office-ltsc.
13. ↑ "Opera 12 and Opera Mail security update". 2016-02-16. https://www.opera.com/blogs/security/2016/02/opera-12-and-opera-mail-security-update/.
14. ↑ https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Zimbra_Releases
15. ↑ "Other Programming Projects and Downloads". http://www.caddit.net/programming.php. Retrieved 2007-04-06.
16. ↑ "PC-PINE-3.96 README". FTP server. ftp://ftp.cac.washington.edu/pine/pcpine/old/PC-PINE-3.96/README. Retrieved 2007-04-06. [dead ftp link] (To view documents see Help:FTP)
17. ↑ (setq gnus-select-method '(pop3 "pop.example.com"))
(setq gnus-secondary-select-methods '((nntp "news.gnus.org")))
After configuring Gnus for POP3, you can use the gnus-group-get-new-news command to retrieve new messages from your POP3 server.
18. ↑ "w32-send-mapi.el". https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/w32-send-mapi.el.
19. ↑ Write to LDAP still missing after 10 years, Mozilla bug 86405
20. ↑ Claburn, Thomas (2025-11-20). "Thunderbird adds native Microsoft Exchange email support". The Register. https://www.theregister.com/2025/11/20/thunderbird_microsoft_exchange_support/.
21. ↑ "GNU emacs - rss". https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/Rss.
22. ↑ via org-mode
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "335924 - No authentication with DIGEST-MD5". https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=335924.
24. ↑ "HCL Product Documentation". http://publib-b.boulder.ibm.com/lotus/c2359840.nsf/b3266a3c17f9bb7085256b870069c0a9/9b7f328aa2eacd9385257361004fd8a4?OpenDocument.
25. ↑ "Sort Your Emails by Conversation in Outlook 2010 - How-To Geek". http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/17937/sort-your-emails-by-conversation-in-outlook-2010/.
26. ↑ "List of features of The Bat! email client". http://www.ritlabs.com/en/products/thebat/features.php.
27. ↑ "The Bat! with Hardware Tokens". http://www.ritlabs.com/en/products/securebat/.
28. ↑ "Configure KMail: Appearance Page". https://docs.kde.org/trunk5/en/pim/kmail2/configure-appearance.html.
29. ↑ "Header Tools Lite". 8 September 2022. https://addons.thunderbird.net/addon/header-tools-lite/.
30. ↑ Ingebrigtsen, Lars Magne (2015). "The Gnus Newsreader". Free Software Foundation, Inc.. http://gnus.org/manual/gnus_108.html#nnir.
31. ↑ "Find product documentation and support". http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/lotus/library/ls-Notes_Encryption/#N10102.
32. ↑ "Compressed folders patch for Mutt". http://www.spinnaker.de/mutt/compressed/.
33. ↑ Using Notmuch with bare Mutt, the old fashioned way
34. ↑ "MuttWiki: UserCases/SearchingMail". http://dev.mutt.org/trac/wiki/UseCases/SearchingMail.
35. ↑ "Pegasus Mail & Mercury - Re: IDLE". Archived from the original on 2014-03-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20140311181717/http://community.pmail.com/forums/post/17967.aspx. Retrieved 2014-03-11.
36. ↑ "IBM Docs". http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/domhelp/v8r0/index.jsp?topic=/com.ibm.help.domino80x.doc/DOC/H_CREATE_A_RECOGNIZER_OVER.html.
37. ↑ "Starting with the version 6.0 The Bat! supports IDN (Internationalized Domain Names))". http://www.idnnews.com/?p=10045.
38. ↑ "International email addresses - Outlook". https://support.office.com/en-US/article/International-email-addresses-303595ea-4893-4b26-9b14-2202c32fea36.

## External links

* T&B : Email : Clients (of historical interest—last updated in 1999)
* Mail User Agents for Linux Based Platforms (includes many email clients not listed in the above tables)
* Remail - research by The Collaborative User Experience group at IBM

* v
* t
* e

Email clients

Free software|

| Current|

* aerc
* Alpine
* Balsa
* Citadel/UX
* Claws Mail
* Cleancode eMail
* Cone
* Evolution
* fetchmail
* fdm
* Geary
* getmail
* GNUMail
* Gnus
* Gnuzilla
* IMP
* KMail
* Mahogany
* Mailpile
* Mailx
* Mailx (Heirloom Project)
* Modest
* Mozilla Thunderbird
* Mulberry
* Mutt
* nmh / MH
* OfflineIMAP
* Roundcube
* SeaMonkey
* SquirrelMail
* Sylpheed
* Trojitá
* YAM
* Zimbra

|

Discontinued|

* Arachne
* Beonex Communicator
* BlitzMail
* Classilla
* Columbia MM
* Elm
* Eudora
* FossaMail
* Hula
* Mailody
* Mozilla Mail & Newsgroups
* Nylas N1
* Spicebird

Proprietary|

| Freeware|

* eM Client
* EmailTray
* Foxmail
* i.Scribe
* Mailbird
* Opera Mail
* Spark
* TouchMail

|

Retail|

* Hiri
* Bloomba/WordPerfect Mail
* Newton
* IBM Notes
* InScribe
* Apple Mail
* Mail (Windows)
* Microsoft Outlook
* Novell GroupWise
* Airmail
* Postbox

Shareware|

* Becky!
* Eureka Email
* Forté Agent
* GyazMail
* The Bat!

Donationware|

* Pegasus Mail

Discontinued|

* Mail
* Claris Emailer
* Courier
* Cyberdog
* Cyberjack
* Embrowser
* Mailbox
* Microsoft Entourage
* Microsoft Internet Mail and News
* MINUET
* Netscape Mail
* Netscape Messenger 9
* NeXTMail
* Outlook Express
* Pine
* Pocomail
* POPmail
* Sparrow
* Turnpike
* WebSpyder
* Windows Live Mail
* Windows Mail
* Windows Messaging

Related technologies|

* Extended SMTP
* LMTP
* IMAP
* POP
* Push-IMAP
* SMAP
* SMTP
* UUCP

Related topics|

* Email
* Unicode and email

* Category
* Comparison

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