Public health laboratory

Public health laboratories (PHLs) or National Public Health Laboratories (NPHL) are governmental reference laboratories that protect the public against diseases and other health hazards. The 2005 International Health Regulations came into force in June 2007, with 196 binding countries that recognised that certain public health incidents, extending beyond disease, ought to be designated as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), as they pose a significant global threat. The PHLs serve as national hazard detection centres, and forward these concerns to the World Health Organization.

## Contents

* 1 International accreditation
* 2 Africa
* 3 Canada
* 4 Europe
* 5 United Kingdom
* 6 United States
* 6.1 US State Public Health Laboratories
* 6.2 US City and County Public Health Laboratories
* 6.3 US State Environmental and Agriculture Laboratories
* 7 Other international laboratory networks
* 8 See also
* 9 References

## International accreditation

In 2007, Haim Hacham et al. published a paper addressing the need for and the process of international standardised accreditation for laboratory proficiency in Israel.[1] With similar efforts, both the Japan Accreditation Board for Conformity Assessment (JAB) and the European Communities Confederation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EC4) have validated and convened ISO 15189 Medical laboratories — Requirements for quality and competence, respectively.[2][3]

In 2006, Spitzenberger and Edelhäuser expressed concerns that ISO accreditation may include obstacles arising from new emerging medical devices and the new approach of assessment; in so doing, they indicate the time dependence of standards.[4]

## Africa

* East African Laboratory Network
* African Society for Laboratory Medicine
* National Public Health Laboratory (Sudan)

## Canada

* Canadian Public Health Laboratory Network

## Europe

* European Union Reference Laboratories cf. Commission Regulation (EC) No 776/2006 and Commission Regulation (EC) No 882/2004[5]
* EpiSouth Network

## United Kingdom

The Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) was established as part of the National Health Service in 1946. An Emergency Public Health Laboratory Service was established in 1940 as a response to the threat of bacteriological warfare. There was originally a central laboratory at Colindale and a network of regional and local laboratories. By 1955 there were about 1000 staff. These laboratories were primarily preventive with an epidemiological focus. They were, however, in some places located with hospital laboratories which had a diagnostic focus.[6]

The PHLS was replaced by the Health Protection Agency in 2003;[citation needed] the HPA was disbanded and in its stead was constituted Public Health England, which later became the UK Health Security Agency in 2021.

## United States

United States laboratory networks and organizations

* Association of Public Health Laboratories
* Laboratory Response Network (CDC)
* PulseNet (CDC)
* Integrated Consortium of Laboratory Networks
* Food Emergency Response Network
* Environmental Laboratory Response Network
* Council to Improve Foodborne Outbreak Response

### US State Public Health Laboratories

State Public Health Laboratories in the United States  Public Health Laboratory | State

|

Alabama Bureau of Clinical Laboratories | Alabama
Alaska Division of Public Health Laboratory | Alaska
American Samoa Health Department Laboratory | American Samoa
Arizona Bureau of State Laboratory Services | Arizona
Arkansas Public Health Laboratory | Arkansas
California Department of Public Health Laboratory | California
Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment | Colorado
Commonwealth Healthcare Corporation | Northern Mariana Islands
Delaware Public Health Laboratory | Delaware
District of Columbia Public Health Laboratory | District of Columbia
Dr. Katherine A. Kelley Public Health Laboratory | Connecticut
Florida Bureau of Public Health Laboratories | Florida
Georgia Public Health Laboratory | Georgia
Guam Public Health Laboratory | Guam
Hawaii State Laboratories Division | Hawaii
Idaho Bureau of Laboratories | Idaho
Illinois Department of Public Health Laboratory | Illinois
Indiana Public Health Laboratory | Indiana
Kansas Health & Environmental Laboratories | Kansas
Kentucky Division of Laboratory Service | Kentucky
Louisiana Public Health Laboratory | Louisiana
Maine State Health & Environmental Testing Laboratory | Maine
Maryland Laboratories Administration | Maryland
Massachusetts State Public Health Laboratory | Massachusetts
Michigan Public Health Laboratory | Michigan
Minnesota Public Health Laboratory Division | Minnesota
Mississippi Public Health Laboratory | Mississippi
Missouri State Public Health Laboratory | Missouri
Montana Laboratory Services Bureau | Montana
Nebraska Public Health Laboratory | Nebraska
Nevada State Public Health Laboratory | Nevada
New Hampshire Public Health Laboratories | New Hampshire
New Jersey Division of Public Health & Environmental Laboratories | New Jersey
New Mexico Department of Health | New Mexico
North Carolina State Laboratory of Public Health | North Carolina
North Dakota Division of Laboratory Services | North Dakota
Ohio Department of Health Laboratories | Ohio
Oklahoma Public Health Laboratory | Oklahoma
Oregon State Public Health Laboratory | Oregon
Pennsylvania State Public Health Laboratory | Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico Public Health Laboratory | Puerto Rico
Rhode Island State Health Laboratory | Rhode Island
South Carolina Bureau of Laboratories | South Carolina
South Dakota Public Health Laboratory | South Dakota
State Hygienic Laboratory at the University of Iowa | Iowa
Tennessee Department of Health Laboratory Services | Tennessee
Texas Department of State Health Services | Texas
Unified Utah State Laboratories: Public Health | Utah
United States Virgin Islands Department of Health | U.S. Virgin Islands
Vermont Department of Health Laboratory | Vermont
Virginia Division of Consolidated Laboratory Services | Virginia
Wadsworth Center | New York
Washington Public Health Laboratories | Washington
West Virginia Department of Health & Human Services | West Virginia
Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene | Wisconsin
Wyoming Public Health Laboratory | Wyoming

### US City and County Public Health Laboratories

City and County Public Health Laboratories in the United States  Public Health Laboratory | State

|

Alameda County Public Health Laboratory | CA
Allegheny County Health Department Public Health Laboratory | PA
Brazos County Health District | TX
Butte County Public Health Laboratory | CA
Chicago Department of Public Health Laboratory | IL
City of Laredo Public Health Laboratory | TX
Contra Costa Regional Public Health Laboratory | CA
Corpus Christi - Nueces County Health Department Lab | TX
Dallas County Health and Human Services | TX
Denver Public Health Laboratory | CO
Eau Claire City-County Health Department | WI
El Paso City Department of Health Laboratory | TX
El Paso County Department of Health and Environment | CO
Erie County Public Health Laboratory | NY
Fairfax County Health Department Laboratory | VA
Fresno County Public Health Laboratory | CA
Genesee and Orleans County Health Department Laboratory | NY
Houston Public Health Laboratory | TX
Humboldt County Public Health Laboratory | CA
Kalamazoo County Health and Community Services, Public Health Laboratory | MI
Kern County Department of Public Health Laboratory | CA
Kings County Public Health Laboratory | CA
Lane County Department of Health and Human Services | OR
Laredo City Health Department | TX
LMAS Regional Laboratory | KY
Long Beach Public Health Laboratory | CA
Los Angeles County Public Health Laboratory | CA
Los Angeles County Public Health Laboratory | CA
Louisville Metro Health Department Laboratory | KY
Madera County Department of Public Health Laboratory | CA
Marion County Health Department Public Health Laboratory | IN
Merced County Public Health Laboratory | CA
Milwaukee City Health Department Bureau of Laboratories | WI
Monterey County Health Department Laboratory | CA
Napa-Solano-Yolo-Marin-Mendocino County Public Health Laboratory | CA
New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Bureau of Laboratories | NY
Orange County Public Health Laboratory | CA
Philadelphia Public Health Laboratories | PA
Public Health Laboratory of East Texas | TX
Public Health Laboratory of Northwest Michigan | MI
Riverside University Health System Public Health Laboratory | CA
Sacramento County Public Health Laboratory | CA
Saginaw County Department of Public Health Laboratory | MI
San Antonio Metro Health District Laboratory | TX
San Bernardino County Public Health Laboratory | CA
San Diego County Public Health Laboratory | CA
San Francisco Public Health Laboratory | CA
San Joaquin Public Health Services, Public Health Laboratory | CA
San Jose - Santa Clara Regional Wastewater Facility Laboratory | CA
San Luis Obispo County Public Health Department | CA
San Mateo County Public Health Department | CA
Santa Barbara County Public Health Laboratory | CA
Santa Clara County Public Health Laboratory | CA
Santa Cruz Public Health Laboratory | CA
Seattle - King County Public Health Laboratory | WA
Sonoma County Public Health Laboratory | CA
Southern Nevada Public Health Laboratory | NV
St. Louis County Environmental Health Laboratory | MO
Tarrant County Public Health Laboratory | TX
Texas Tech University Bioterrorism Response Laboratory | TX
Tulare County Public Health Laboratory | CA
Ventura County Public Health Laboratory | CA
Western Upper Peninsula Health Department | MI

### US State Environmental and Agriculture Laboratories

US Environmental and Agriculture Laboratories  Laboratory | State

|

Alaska Environmental Health Laboratory | Alaska
California Department of Toxic Substances Control | California
Colorado Department of Agriculture Laboratory | Colorado
Florida Bureau of Food Laboratories | Florida
Kansas Department of Agriculture, Division of Laboratories | Kansas
Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory | Kansas
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection | Massachusetts
Minnesota Department of Agriculture Laboratory | Minnesota
Mississippi State Chemical Laboratory | Mississippi
Nebraska Public Health Environmental Laboratory | Nebraska
New York State Department of Agriculture & Markets | New York
North Carolina Department of Agriculture | North Carolina
Ohio EPA - Division of Environmental Services | Ohio
Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality | Oklahoma
Oregon Department of Agriculture, Laboratory Services | Oregon
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Laboratory | Oregon
Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture - Bureau of Food Safety and Laboratory Services - Laboratory Division | Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Laboratories | Pennsylvania
Washington State Department of Agriculture Microbiology Laboratory | Washington
West Virginia Department of Agriculture | West Virginia
Wyoming Department of Agriculture, Analytical Services | Wyoming

## Other international laboratory networks

* WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System
* WHO H5 Reference Laboratories
* WHO Emerging and Dangerous Pathogens Laboratory Network

## See also

* Association of Public Health Laboratories
* ISO 9000
* ISO 15189
* ISO/IEC 17025

## References

1. ↑ Hacham, Haim et al. (2007). "Unification of the quality assurance systems of public health laboratories conformed to ISO 17025, ISO 15189, and ISO 9000: a major organizational change". Accreditation and Quality Assurance (Elsevier) 12 (8): 409–413. doi:10.1007/s00769-007-0262-9.
2. ↑ "[Validation of the ISO 15189 trial assessment results of clinical laboratories--effects of accreditation and interpretation of ISO 15189]" (in ja). Rinsho Byori 54 (5): 486–93. May 2006. PMID 16789419.
3. ↑ "Accreditation of medical laboratories in the European Union". Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 45 (2): 268–75. 2007. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2007.037. PMID 17311523.
4. ↑ "Accreditation of Medical Laboratories in Europe: Statutory Framework, Current Situation and Perspectives". Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy (S. Karger AG) 33 (5): 384–92. 2006. doi:10.1159/000094738.
5. ↑ "National Reference Laboratories at the BVL". Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety. n.d.. https://www.bvl.bund.de/EN/Tasks/09_Laboratories/01_Tasks/02_reference_laboratories/02_reference_laboratories_NRL/reference_laboratories_NRL_node.html.
6. ↑ Webster, Charles (1988). The Health Services Since the War. HMSO. ISBN 0-11-630942-3.

* v
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Public health

General|

* Auxology
* Biological hazard
* Chief Medical Officer
* Cultural competence
* Deviance
* Environmental health
* Euthenics
* Genomics
* Globalization and disease
* Health economics
* Health literacy
* Health policy
* Health system
* Health care reform
* Public health law
* Maternal health
* Medical anthropology
* Medical sociology
* Mental health
* Pharmaceutical policy
* Public health intervention
* Public health laboratory
* Reproductive health
* Social psychology
* Sociology of health and illness

Preventive healthcare|

* Behavior change
* Theories
* Family planning
* Health promotion
* Human nutrition
* Preventive nutrition
* Hygiene
* Food safety
* Hand washing
* Infection control
* Oral hygiene
* Occupational safety and health
* Human factors and ergonomics
* Hygiene
* Injury prevention
* Medicine
* Nursing
* Patient safety
* Organization
* Pharmacovigilance
* Safe sex
* Sanitation
* Emergency
* Fecal–oral transmission
* Open defecation
* Sanitary sewer
* Waterborne diseases
* Smoking cessation
* Vaccination
* Vector control

Population health|

* Biostatistics
* Child mortality
* Community health
* Epidemiology
* Global health
* Health impact assessment
* Health system
* Infant mortality
* Open-source healthcare software
* Public health informatics
* Social determinants of health
* Health equity
* Race and health
* Social medicine

Biological and
epidemiological statistics|

* Case–control study
* Randomized controlled trial
* Relative risk
* Statistical hypothesis testing
* Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
* Regression analysis
* ROC curve
* Student's t-test
* Z-test
* Statistical software

Infectious and epidemic
disease prevention|

* Asymptomatic carrier
* Epidemics
* List
* Notifiable diseases
* List
* Public health surveillance
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* Quarantine
* Sexually transmitted infection
* Tropical disease
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Food hygiene and
safety management|

* Food
* Additive
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* Good agricultural practice
* Good manufacturing practice
* HACCP
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Health behavioral
sciences|

* Diffusion of innovations
* Health belief model
* Health communication
* Health psychology
* Positive deviance
* PRECEDE-PROCEED model
* Social cognitive theory
* Social norms approach
* Theory of planned behavior
* Transtheoretical model

Organizations,
education
and history|

| Organizations|

* Europe
* Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
* Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety
* India
* Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
* U.S.
* Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
* City and county health departments
* Council on Education for Public Health
* Public Health Service
* World Health Organization
* World Toilet Organization

|

Education|

* Health education
* Higher education
* Bachelor of Science in Public Health
* Doctor of Public Health
* Professional degrees of public health
* Schools of public health

History|

* Sara Josephine Baker
* Samuel Jay Crumbine
* Carl Rogers Darnall
* Joseph Lister
* Margaret Sanger
* John Snow
* Typhoid Mary
* Germ theory of disease
* Social hygiene movement

* Category
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