Bartonian

Short description: Third Age of the Eocene Epoch

Bartonian

41.2 – 37.71 Ma

PreЄ

Chronology

Paleogene graphical timeline

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block; ">L

90%">Maastricht.

Danian

Selandian

Thanetian

Ypresian

Lutetian

Bartonian

Priabonian

Rupelian

Chattian

90%">Aquitanian

PETM

First Antarctic permanent ice-sheets[1]

K-Pg mass
extinction

Subdivision of the Paleogene according to the ICS, as of 2021.[2]
Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago

Formerly part of| Tertiary Period/System
Etymology
Name formality| Formal
Usage information
Celestial body| Earth
Regional usage| Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used| ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit| Age
Stratigraphic unit| Stage
Time span formality| Formal
Lower boundary definition| Not formally defined
Lower boundary definition candidates| Calcareous nannofossil near LAD of the Haptophyte Reticulofenestra reticulata
Lower boundary GSSP candidate section(s)| Contessa highway section, Gubbio, Central Apennines, Italy
Upper boundary definition| LAD of the large acarininids and the Foraminiferan Morozovelloides crassatus
Upper boundary GSSP| Alano section, Piave river, Venetian Prealps, Belluno, Italy
[ ⚑ ] 45°54′51″N 11°55′05″E﻿ / ﻿45.9141°N 11.9180°E﻿ / 45.9141; 11.9180
GSSP ratified| February 2020[3]

The Bartonian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geologic time scale, a stage or age in the middle of the Eocene Epoch or Series. The Bartonian Age spans the time between 41.2 and 37.8 Ma. It is preceded by the Lutetian and is followed by the Priabonian Age.[4]

## Contents

* 1 Stratigraphic definition
* 2 References
* 2.1 Footnotes
* 2.2 Literature
* 3 External links

## Stratigraphic definition

The Bartonian Stage was introduced by Switzerland stratigrapher Karl Mayer-Eymar in 1857. The name derives from the Barton Group, a lithostratigraphic unit from the south English Hampshire Basin, which in turn derived its name from the local coastal village Barton-on-Sea (part of New Milton) in southern England.[5] The distinction between group and stage was made in the second part of the 20th century, when stratigraphers saw the need to distinguish between litho- and chronostratigraphy.[citation needed]

The base of the Bartonian is at the first appearance of the calcareous nanoplankton species Reticulofenestra reticulata. In 2009, an official reference profile (GSSP) for the base of the Bartonian had not yet been established.[needs update][citation needed]

The top of the Bartonian Stage (the base of the Priabonian) is at the first appearance of calcareous nanoplankton species Chiasmolithus oamaruensis (which forms the base of nanoplankton biozone NP18).[citation needed]

The Bartonian Stage overlaps part of the upper Robiacian European Land Mammal Mega Zone (it spans the Mammal Paleogene zone 16[6]), the upper Uintan and Duchesnean North American Land Mammal Ages, part of the Divisaderan South American Land Mammal Age and is coeval with the Sharamururian Asian Land Mammal Age. [citation needed]

The Auversian regional stage of France is coeval with the Bartonian and is therefore no longer used.

## References

### Footnotes

1. ↑ Zachos, J. C.; Kump, L. R. (2005). "Carbon cycle feedbacks and the initiation of Antarctic glaciation in the earliest Oligocene". Global and Planetary Change 47 (1): 51–66. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.01.001. Bibcode: 2005GPC....47...51Z.
2. ↑ "International Chronostratigraphic Chart". International Commission on Stratigraphy. https://stratigraphy.org/icschart/ChronostratChart2020-01.pdf.
3. ↑ Agnini, Claudia; Backman, Jan; Boscolo-Galazzo, Flavia; Condon, Daniel; Fornaciari, Eliana; Galeotti, Simone; Giusberti, Luca; Grandesso, Paolo et al. (12 August 2020). "Proposal for the Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Priabonian Stage (Eocene) at the Alano section (Italy)". Episodes 44 (2): 151–173. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020074.
4. ↑ International Commission on Stratigraphy 2017
5. ↑ "Barton Group". UKRI. https://webapps.bgs.ac.uk/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?pub=BA.
6. ↑ Alroy, John. "Mammal Paleogene zones". p. The Paleobiology Database. http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=processViewScale&scale_no=125.

### Literature

* Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press .
* Mayer-Eymar, K.; 1857: Tableau synchronique des formations tertiaires d'Europe, 3rd ed., Zürich. (in French)

## External links

* GeoWhen Database – Bartonian
* Paleogene timescale, at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS
* Stratigraphic chart of the Paleogene, at the website of Norges Network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy

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Geological history of Earth

Cenozoic era
(present–66.0 Mya)|

| Quaternary (present–2.588 Mya)|

* Holocene (present–11.784 kya)
* Pleistocene (11.784 kya–2.588 Mya)

|

Neogene (2.588–23.03 Mya)|

* Pliocene (2.588–5.333 Mya)
* Miocene (5.333–23.03 Mya)

Paleogene (23.03–66.0 Mya)|

* Oligocene (23.03–33.9 Mya)
* Eocene (33.9–56.0 Mya)
* Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Mya)

Mesozoic era
(66.0–251.902 Mya)|

| Cretaceous (66.0–145.0 Mya)|

* Late (66.0–100.5 Mya)
* Early (100.5–145.0 Mya)

|

Jurassic (145.0–201.3 Mya)|

* Late (145.0–163.5 Mya)
* Middle (163.5–174.1 Mya)
* Early (174.1–201.3 Mya)

Triassic (201.3–251.902 Mya)|

* Late (201.3–237 Mya)
* Middle (237–247.2 Mya)
* Early (247.2–251.902 Mya)

Paleozoic era
(251.902–541.0 Mya)|

| Permian (251.902–298.9 Mya)|

* Lopingian (251.902–259.8 Mya)
* Guadalupian (259.8–272.3 Mya)
* Cisuralian (272.3–298.9 Mya)

|

Carboniferous (298.9–358.9 Mya)|

* Pennsylvanian (298.9–323.2 Mya)
* Mississippian (323.2–358.9 Mya)

Devonian (358.9–419.2 Mya)|

* Late (358.9–382.7 Mya)
* Middle (382.7–393.3 Mya)
* Early (393.3–419.2 Mya)

Silurian (419.2–443.8 Mya)|

* Pridoli (419.2–423.0 Mya)
* Ludlow (423.0–427.4 Mya)
* Wenlock (427.4–433.4 Mya)
* Llandovery (433.4–443.8 Mya)

Ordovician (443.8–485.4 Mya)|

* Late (443.8–458.4 Mya)
* Middle (458.4–470.0 Mya)
* Early (470.0–485.4 Mya)

Cambrian (485.4–541.0 Mya)|

* Furongian (485.4–497 Mya)
* Miaolingian (497–509 Mya)
* Series 2 (509–521 Mya)
* Terreneuvian (521–541.0 Mya)

Proterozoic eon
(541.0 Mya–2.5 Gya)|

| Neoproterozoic (541.0 Mya–1 Gya)|

* Ediacaran (541.0–~635 Mya)
* Cryogenian (~635–~720 Mya)
* Tonian (~720 Mya–1 Gya)

|

Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Gya)|

* Stenian (1–1.2 Gya)
* Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Gya)
* Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Gya)

Paleoproterozoic (1.6–2.5 Gya)|

* Statherian (1.6–1.8 Gya)
* Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Gya)
* Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Gya)
* Siderian (2.3–2.5 Gya)

Archean eon (2.5–4 Gya)|

| Eras|

* Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Gya)
* Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Gya)
* Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Gya)
* Eoarchean (3.6–4 Gya)

|

Hadean eon (4–4.6 Gya)|

|  |

|

kya = thousands years ago. Mya = millions years ago. Gya = billions years ago.
See also: Geologic time scale

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