Opiate dependence

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This editable Main Article is under development and subject to a disclaimer.

[edit intro]

In medicine, opiate dependence is dependency, both both physiological and emotional, upon opioid analgesics.[1]

## Treatment[edit]

Opioid agonist therapy includes buprenorphine and methadone. Although buprenorphine–naloxone may be less effective than methadone[2], it has more predictable dosing[3], and can be prescribed by qualifying office-based physicians.[4]

Advice for the treatment of acute pain among patients on chronic methadone or buprenorphine is available.[5]

## References[edit]

1. ↑ Anonymous (2025), Opiate dependence (English). Medical Subject Headings. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
2. ↑ Schottenfeld RS, Chawarski MC, Pakes JR, Pantalon MV, Carroll KM, Kosten TR (2005). "Methadone versus buprenorphine with contingency management or performance feedback for cocaine and opioid dependence.". Am J Psychiatry 162 (2): 340-9. DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.340. PMID 15677600. Research Blogging. Review in: Evid Based Ment Health. 2005 Nov;8(4):112
3. ↑ Simoens S, Matheson C, Bond C, Inkster K, Ludbrook A (2005). "The effectiveness of community maintenance with methadone or buprenorphine for treating opiate dependence.". Br J Gen Pract 55 (511): 139-46. PMID 15720937. PMC PMC1463190.
4. ↑ Sullivan LE, Fiellin DA (2008). "Narrative review: buprenorphine for opioid-dependent patients in office practice.". Ann Intern Med 148 (9): 662-70. PMID 18458279.
5. ↑ Alford DP, Compton P, Samet JH (2006). "Acute pain management for patients receiving maintenance methadone or buprenorphine therapy". Ann. Intern. Med. 144 (2): 127–34. PMID 16418412. [e]