Pinta (disease)

a) Erythematous plaque- early pinta b) hyperpigmented skin lesion - late pinta
Specialty| Infectious disease

Pinta (also known as azul, carate, empeines, lota, mal del pinto, and tina) is a human skin disease caused by infection with the spirochete Treponema carateum, which is morphologically and serologically indistinguishable from the bacterium that causes syphilis. The disease is endemic to Mexico, Central America, and South America.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Signs and symptoms
* 2 Cause
* 3 Diagnosis
* 4 Treatment
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## Signs and symptoms[edit | edit source]

Pinta, the least severe of treponemal infections being limited to the skin, is thought to be transmitted by skin-to-skin contact (similar to bejel and yaws), and after an incubation period of two to three weeks, produces a raised papule, which enlarges and becomes hyperkeratotic (scaly/flaky). Lesions are usually present in the exposed surface of arms and legs. Local lymph nodes might be enlarged. Three to nine months later, further thickened and flat lesions (pintids) appear all over the body. These generally resolve, but a proportion of people with pinta will go on to develop late-stage disease, characterised by widespread pigmentary change with a mixture of hyperpigmentation and depigmentation that can be disfiguring.[2]

## Cause[edit | edit source]

Pinta is caused by the bacterium Treponema carateum. It is related to the more well-known T. pallidum, which can cause endemic syphilis.[citation needed]

## Diagnosis[edit | edit source]

Diagnosis is usually clinical, but as with yaws and bejel, serological tests for syphilis, such as rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and TPHA, will be positive, and the spirochetes can be seen on dark field microscopy of samples taken from the early papules.[citation needed]

## Treatment[edit | edit source]

The disease can be treated with penicillin, tetracycline (not to be used in pregnant women), azithromycin or chloramphenicol, and can be prevented through contact tracing by public health officials. A single intramuscular injection of long-acting penicillin is effective against endemic treponematoses including pinta, yaws, and bejel.[3]

## See also[edit | edit source]

* List of cutaneous conditions

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ "Pinta". Medscape. WebMD. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 3 September 2012.
2. ↑ Torok, E (2009). Oxford Handbook of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology (first ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 388\. ISBN 978-0-19-856925-1.
3. ↑ Fine, Steven. "Treponematosis (Endemic Syphilis) Medication". Medscape. WebMD. Archived from the original on 12 February 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2014.

## External links[edit | edit source]

Classification|

* ICD-10: A67
* ICD-9-CM: 103
* MeSH: D010874
* DiseasesDB: 13270

|

* v
* t
* e

Bacterial diseases due to gram negative non-proteobacteria (BV4)

Spirochaete|

| Spirochaetaceae|

| Treponema|

* Treponema pallidum
* Syphilis/bejel
* Yaws
* Treponema carateum (Pinta)
* Treponema denticola

|

Borrelia|

* Borrelia burgdorferi/Borrelia afzelii
* Lyme disease
* Erythema migrans
* Neuroborreliosis

* Borrelia recurrentis (Louse borne relapsing fever)
* Borrelia hermsii/Borrelia duttoni/Borrelia parkeri (Tick borne relapsing fever)

Leptospiraceae|

| Leptospira|

* Leptospira interrogans (Leptospirosis)

|

Chlamydiaceae|

| Chlamydia|

* Chlamydia psittaci (Psittacosis)
* Chlamydia pneumoniae

* Chlamydia trachomatis
* Chlamydia
* Lymphogranuloma venereum
* Trachoma

|

Bacteroidetes|

* Bacteroides fragilis
* Tannerella forsythia
* Capnocytophaga canimorsus
* Porphyromonas gingivalis
* Prevotella intermedia

Fusobacteria|

* Fusobacterium necrophorum (Lemierre's syndrome)
* Fusobacterium nucleatum
* Fusobacterium polymorphum

* Streptobacillus moniliformis (Rat-bite fever/Haverhill fever)

* v
* t
* e

Bacterial skin disease

Gram +ve|

| Firmicutes|

* Staphylococcus
* Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
* Impetigo
* Toxic shock syndrome
* Streptococcus
* Impetigo
* Cutaneous group B streptococcal infection
* Streptococcal intertrigo
* Cutaneous Streptococcus iniae infection
* Erysipelas / Chronic recurrent erysipelas
* Scarlet fever
* Corynebacterium
* Erythrasma

* Listeriosis

* Clostridium
* Gas gangrene
* Dermatitis gangrenosa
* Mycoplasma
* Erysipeloid of Rosenbach

|

Actinobacteria|

* Mycobacterium-related: Aquarium granuloma
* Borderline lepromatous leprosy
* Borderline leprosy
* Borderline tuberculoid leprosy
* Buruli ulcer
* Erythema induratum
* Histoid leprosy
* Lepromatous leprosy
* Leprosy
* Lichen scrofulosorum
* Lupus vulgaris
* Miliary tuberculosis
* Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection
* Mycobacterium haemophilum infection
* Mycobacterium kansasii infection
* Papulonecrotic tuberculid
* Primary inoculation tuberculosis
* Rapid growing mycobacterium infection
* Scrofuloderma
* Tuberculosis cutis orificialis
* Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis
* Tuberculous cellulitis
* Tuberculous gumma
* Tuberculoid leprosy

* Cutaneous actinomycosis
* Nocardiosis
* Cutaneous diphtheria infection
* Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection
* Group JK corynebacterium sepsis

Gram -ve|

| Proteobacteria|

* α: Endemic typhus
* Epidemic typhus
* Scrub typhus
* North Asian tick typhus
* Queensland tick typhus
* Flying squirrel typhus
* Trench fever
* Bacillary angiomatosis
* African tick bite fever
* American tick bite fever
* Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection
* Rickettsialpox
* Rocky Mountain spotted fever
* Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis
* Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
* Flea-borne spotted fever
* Japanese spotted fever
* Mediterranean spotted fever
* Flinders Island spotted fever
* Verruga peruana
* Brill–Zinsser disease
* Brucellosis
* Cat-scratch disease
* Oroya fever
* Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection

* β: Gonococcemia/Gonorrhea/Primary gonococcal dermatitis
* Melioidosis
* Cutaneous Pasteurella hemolytica infection
* Meningococcemia
* Glanders
* Chromobacteriosis infection

* γ: Pasteurellosis
* Tularemia
* Vibrio vulnificus
* Rhinoscleroma
* Haemophilus influenzae cellulitis
* Pseudomonal pyoderma / Pseudomonas hot-foot syndrome / Hot tub folliculitis / Ecthyma gangrenosum / Green nail syndrome
* Q fever
* Salmonellosis
* Shigellosis
* Plague
* Granuloma inguinale
* Chancroid
* Aeromonas infection

* ε: Helicobacter cellulitis

|

Other|

* Syphilid
* Syphilis
* Chancre
* Yaws
* Pinta
* Bejel
* Chlamydia infection
* Leptospirosis
* Rat-bite fever
* Lyme disease
* Lymphogranuloma venereum

Unspecified
pathogen|

* Abscess
* Periapical abscess
* Boil/furuncle
* Hospital furunculosis
* Carbuncle
* Cellulitis
* Paronychia / Pyogenic paronychia
* Perianal cellulitis
* Acute lymphadenitis
* Pilonidal cyst
* Pyoderma

* Folliculitis
* Superficial pustular folliculitis
* Sycosis vulgaris
* Pimple
* Ecthyma
* Pitted keratolysis
* Trichomycosis axillaris
* Necrotizing fascitis
* Gangrene
* Chronic undermining burrowing ulcers
* Fournier gangrene
* Elephantiasis nostras
* Blistering distal dactylitis
* Botryomycosis
* Malakoplakia
* Gram-negative folliculitis
* Gram-negative toe web infection
* Pyomyositis
* Blastomycosis-like pyoderma
* Bullous impetigo
* Chronic lymphangitis
* Recurrent toxin-mediated perineal erythema
* Tick-borne lymphadenopathy
* Tropical ulcer

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