List of eponymous medical signs

Eponymous medical signs are those that are named after a person or persons, usually the physicians who first described them, but occasionally named after a famous patient. This list includes other eponymous entities of diagnostic significance; i.e. tests, reflexes, etc.

Sign  | Name  | Specialty  | Associated conditions  | Notes  | Descriptor

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Aaron's sign | Charles Dettie Aaron | surgery | appendicitis |  | epigastric pain with pressure on McBurney's point
Abadie's sign | Jean Marie Charles Abadie | endocrinology | Graves' disease |  | levator palpebrae superioris spasm
Abadie's symptom | Joseph Louis Irenée Jean Abadie | neurology | tabes dorsalis |  | absence of pain on Achilles tendon pressure
Abderhalden reaction | Emil Abderhalden | obstetrics | pregnancy |  | serum reaction;obsolete
Abelin reaction | Isaak Abelin | infectious disease | syphilis |  | presence of arsenical anti-syphilitic;obsolete
Addis count | Thomas Addis | nephrology | pyelonephritis |  | quantitative cells and casts in 24hr. urine
Adie pupil | William John Adie | neurology | ciliary nerve damage |  | dilated pupil, poorly reactive but with normal near accommodation
Adson's sign | Alfred Washington Adson | vascular surgery | thoracic outlet syndrome |  | obliteration of radial pulse with manoeuvres
Alexander's law | Gustav Alexander | neurology, neurosurgery, ENT | vestibular lesions |  | describes nystagmus in vestibular lesions
Allen's test | Edgar Van Nuys Allen | vascular surgery, critical care[1] | arterial supply of the hand |  | tests for presence of palmar ulnar-radial anastomosis (palmar arch)
Apgar score | Virginia Apgar | obstetrics, pediatrics |  |  | assess health of newborn
Apley grind test | Alan Graham Apley | orthopaedic surgery | meniscal lesions |  | manoeuvres to elicit knee pain
Argyll Robertson pupils | Douglas Moray Cooper Lamb Argyll Robertson | neurology | neurosyphilis[2] |  | light-near dissociation
Arneth count | Josef Arneth | haematology, nutrition | folate deficiency |  | lobulation of neutrophil nuclei
Asboe-Hansen sign | Gustav Asboe-Hansen | dermatology | bullae |  | extension of a blister to adjacent unblistered skin when pressed
Aschheim–Zondek test | Selmar Aschheim, Bernhard Zondek | obstetrics | normal pregnancy | synd/1834 at Who Named It? | oestral reaction in mouse injected with pregnant urine
Aschoff body | Karl Albert Ludwig Aschoff | rheumatology, pathology | rheumatic fever |  | foci of interstitial inflammation in the myocardium and elsewhere
Ashby technique | Winifred Ashby | haematology, pathology | haemolysis | synd/233 at Who Named It? | agglutination test for erythrocyte survival
Auberger's blood group | Auberger (patient) | haematology | normal physiology | synd/283 at Who Named It? | Aua antigen
Auenbrugger's sign | Josef Leopold Auenbrugger | cardiology | pericardial effusion | synd/284 at Who Named It? | bulging epigastrium
Auer rods | John Auer | hematology | acute myeloid leukemia |  | cytoplasmic inclusions in myeloblasts
Auspitz's sign | Heinrich Auspitz | dermatology | psoriasis |  | pinpoint bleeding when scales are removed from psoriasis or warts
Austin Flint murmur | Austin Flint | cardiology | aortic insufficiency |  | mid-diastolic rumble heard at apex
Babinski sign | Joseph Babinski | neurology | abnormal plantar reflex | Kumar SP, Ramasubramanian D (December 2000). "The Babinski sign—a reappraisal". Neurol India. 48 (4): 314–8. PMID 11146592. Archived from the original on 10 April 2021. Retrieved 13 April 2009. | dorsiflexion of the hallux with fanning of the remaining phalanges upon soft stimulation of the lateral plantar surface of the foot
Bainbridge reflex | Francis Arthur Bainbridge | cardiology | normal physiology |  | increase in heart rate with increase in circulating blood volume
Balbiani rings | Edouard-Gérard Balbiani | genetics | RNA transcription | synd/601 at Who Named It? | large chromosome puff indicating site of RNA transcription
Ballance's sign | Charles Alfred Ballance | general surgery | abdominal/splenic trauma |  | percussive dullness left flank, LUQ, percussive resonance right flank
Bancroft's sign | Joseph Bancroft | vascular medicine | deep vein thrombosis |  | pain on anterior, but not lateral, compression of calf
Bárány test | Robert Bárány | ENT, neurology | vertigo, vestibular dysfunction | synd/595 at Who Named It? | nystagmus elicited by hot or cold irrigation of ear canal
Barlow's maneuver | Thomas Geoffrey Barlow, English Pediatric Orthopedist, (1915-1975) | paediatrics, orthopaedic surgery | hip dysplasia |  | dislocation on adduction of hip
Bart hemoglobin | Barts Hospital | Obstetrics, pathology | indicates a specific cause of death in some stillborns |  | Loss of all four alpha-globin genes (total alpha-thalassemia) leads to severely anemic stillborn babies with small amounts of an abnormal hemoglobin composed of four gamma sub-units (Bart's Hemoglobin)
Bastian–Bruns sign | Henry Charlton Bastian, Ludwig Bruns | neurology | spinal cord transection |  | loss of muscle tone and reflexes below lesion level
Battle's sign | William Henry Battle | neurosurgery/traumatology | basal skull fracture |  | mastoid ecchymosis
Beau's lines | Joseph Honoré Simon Beau | dermatology, internal medicine | multiple, including trauma |  | transverse ridges on nails
Beck's triad | Claude Schaeffer Beck | cardiology | cardiac tamponade |  | hypotension, increased central venous pressure (JVP), distant heart sounds
Becker's sign | Otto Heinrich Enoch Becker | ophthalmology, endocrinology | thyrotoxicosis |  | visible pulsation of retinal arteries
Beevor's sign | Charles Edward Beevor | neurology, neurosurgery | spinal trauma at T10 |  | cephalad movement of navel on cervical flexion
Bekhterev–Jacobsohn reflex | Vladimir Bekhterev, Louis Jacobsohn-Lask | neurology | pyramidal tract lesions |  | stroking dorsal radial skin, with forearm in supination, elicits wrist and finger flexion
Bekhterev–Mendel reflex | Vladimir Bekhterev, Kurt Mendel | neurology | pyramidal tract lesions |  | toe flexion on percussion of dorsum of foot
Bence Jones protein | Henry Bence Jones | hematology | multiple myeloma |  |
Benedict solution | Stanley Rossiter Benedict | endocrinology | diabetes mellitus |  | reagent for presence of monosaccharides
Berger wave (rhythm) | Hans Berger | neurology | normal physiology |  | electroencephalographic alpha wave
Bezold–Jarisch reflex | Albert von Bezold, Adolf Jarisch | pharmacology, toxicology | effect of certain alkaloids |  | apnea, bradycardia, hypotension
Bielschowsky's head tilt test | Alfred Bielschowsky | neurology, ophthalmology | lesions of cranial nerve IV |  | test for palsy of superior oblique muscle
Bing's sign | Paul Robert Bing | neurology | pyramidal tract lesions |  | extension of the great toe on pricking the dorsum of the foot with a pin
Biot's respiration | Camille Biot | neurology | brain stem herniation |  | quick shallow respirations followed by period of apnea
Bitot's spots | Pierre Bitôt | ophthalmology | vitamin A deficiency |  | spots of keratin deposition in the conjunctiva
Bjerrum scotoma | Jannik Peterson Bjerrum | ophthalmology | glaucoma |  | comet shaped visual field defect, extending temporally from the physiological blind spot
Blumberg's sign | Jacob Moritz Blumberg | surgery | peritonitis |  | rebound tenderness
Boas' point | Ismar Isidor Boas | gastroenterology | gastric ulcer |  | dermal hyperaesthesia just left of T12
Boas' sign | Ismar Isidor Boas | gastroenterology | acute cholecystitis |  | dermal hyperaesthesia at inferior angle of R scapula
Bodansky unit | Aaron Bodansky | clinical chemistry |  |  | unit of alkaline phosphatase concentration in blood
Boston's sign | Leonard N. Boston | ophthalmology, endocrinology | thyrotoxicosis |  | spasmodic ptosis on downward gaze
Bouchard's nodes | Charles-Joseph Bouchard | rheumatology | osteoarthritis |  | bony outgrowths on dorsa of proximal interphalangeal joints
Bracht–Wachter bodies | Erich Franz Eugen Bracht, Hermann Julius Gustav Wächter | cardiology | infective endocarditis |  | yellow-white spots in the myocardium
Branham's sign | Henry Branham | vascular surgery, nephrology | chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis |  | pressing on proximal portion of AV fistula results in bradycardia
Braxton Hicks contraction | John Braxton Hicks | obstetrics | normal pregnancy |  | "false labour". sporadic contractions beginning as early as mid 1st trimester
Brewer infarcts | George Emerson Brewer | nephrology, pathology | pyelonephritis |  | dark red wedge shaped areas on kidney section resembling infarcts
Brissaud's reflex | Édouard Brissaud | neurology | pyramidal tract lesions |  | plantar stimulation elicits contraction of tensor fasciae latae
Broadbent inverted sign | Sir William Broadbent, 1st Baronet | cardiology | L atrial hypertrophy |  | systole palpable in posterior chest wall
Broadbent sign | Walter Broadbent | cardiology | adhesive pericarditis |  | recession of L inferior intercostal spaces
Broca aphasia | Paul Broca | neurology, neuropsychology | developmental or other pathology of various frontal cortical areas |  | expressive aphasia
Brodie–Trendelenburg percussion test | Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet, Friedrich Trendelenburg | general medicine, surgery | varicose veins |  | superficial vein is percussed proximally; if impulse is felt over vein distally, valvular incompetence is present
Budin's sign | Pierre-Constant Budin | surgery, obstetrics | suppurative mastitis |  | if breast milk flown into a sterile pad is mixed with pus (brown, yellow or bloody traces), mastitis may be present
Brodie–Trendelenburg test | Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet, Friedrich Trendelenburg | general medicine, surgery | varicose veins |  | identifies level of valvular incompetence
Brudziński neck sign | Józef Brudziński | neurology | meningitis |  | neck flexion elicits hip and knee flexion
Brudziński cheek sign | Józef Brudziński | neurology | meningitis |  | pressure beneath zygoma elicits flexion of forearm
Brudziński symphyseal sign | Józef Brudziński | neurology | meningitis |  | pressure over symphisis pubis elicits knee, hip flexion and leg abduction
Brudziński reflex | Józef Brudziński | neurology | meningitis |  | passive flexion of knee to abdomen elicits flexion of contralateral hip and knee
Bruit de Roger | Henri-Louis Roger | paediatric cardiology | ventricular septal defect |  | loud pansystolic murmur
Bruns ataxia | Ludwig Bruns | neurology | frontal lobe lesions |  | difficulty moving feet in contact with floor, tendency to fall backwards
Bruns nystagmus | Ludwig Bruns | neurology | cerebellopontine angle tumor, vestibular schwannoma |  | nystagmus that coarsens in amplitude on lateral gaze
Brushfield spots | Thomas Brushfield | ophthalmology, genetics | Downs' syndrome or non-pathological |  | greyish-white spots at periphery of iris
Buerger's test | Leo Buerger | general medicine, surgery | peripheral artery disease |  | pallor of the leg upon elevation
Burton line | Henry Burton | toxicology | lead poisoning | NEJM 354:e21 5/18/06 | blue discolouration of the gingival border
Cabot rings | Richard Cabot | hematology | lead poisoning, anaemias |  | threadlike strands in erythrocytes
Caput medusae | Medusa | gastroenterology, surgery | portal hypertension |  | distended veins radiating from umbilicus
Cardarelli's sign | Antonio Cardarelli | cardiology, thoracic surgery | aortic arch dilatation or aneurysm, mediastinal tumour |  | left displacement of trachea elicits palpable pulsation of same
Carey Coombs murmur | Carey Coombs | cardiology, rheumatology | rheumatic fever |  | mid-diastolic rumble
Carnett's sign | John Berton Carnett | primary care, surgery | abdominal mass and/or pain | Am J Med Sci 174 (1927): 579–599 | supine patient lifts head from bed;↑ pain – abdominal wall ;↓ pain – intraperitoneal
Carvallo's sign | José Manuel Rivero Carvallo | cardiology | tricuspid regurgitation |  | increase in volume of murmur on inspiration
Casal collar | Gaspar Casal | nutrition | pellagra (niacin deficiency) | Casal collar Archived 1 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine at Medscape | widely variable collar of dermatitis characteristically in c3,c4 dermatomes
Casoni test | Tomaso Casoni | infectious disease, tropical medicine | hydatid disease |  | intradermal injection of hydatid fluid causing wheal
Celsus signs of inflammation | Aulus Cornelius Celsus | various | inflammation |  | 1\. Rubor (redness) 2. Tumor (swelling)3. Calor (heat) 4. Dolor (pain)
Chaddock reflex | Charles Gilbert Chaddock | neurology | pyramidal lesions, corticospinal tract lesions |  | extension of big toe with stimulation of skin over lateral malleolus
Chadwick sign | James Read Chadwick | obstetrics | pregnancy |  | cyanosis of vulva, vagina and cervix
Chagas disease | Carlos Chagas | infectious disease, tropical medicine  | heart failure  |  | Heart failure, enlarged esophagus, enlarged colon
Charcot's triad | Jean-Martin Charcot | surgery | ascending cholangitis |  | jaundice, fever and chills, RUQ pain
Charcot's triad | Jean-Martin Charcot | neurology | multiple sclerosis |  | nystagmus, intention tremor, staccato speech
Charcot–Leyden crystals | Jean-Martin Charcot, Ernst Viktor von Leyden | pathology | any disorder characterized by eosinophil proliferation, e.g. ascariasis |  | lysophospholipase crystals in various tissues
Cheyne–Stokes respiration | John Cheyne, William Stokes | palliative care | respiratory center damage |  | fluctuation between apnoea and tachypnoea
Churchill–Cope reflex | Edward Delos Churchill, Oliver Cope | cardiology | heart failure |  | distension of pulmonary vascular bed causes tachypnoea
Chvostek sign | František Chvostek | endocrinology | hypocalcemia |  | tapping over facial nerve elicits abnormal muscle contraction(s)
Claybrook sign | Edwin Claybrook | emergency medicine, surgery | blunt abdominal trauma |  | heart and/or breath sounds heard through abdominal wall indicate rupture of viscus
Clutton's joints | Henry Hugh Clutton | paediatrics | congenital syphilis |  | painless symmetrical hydrarthroses, particularly of the knees
Codman's triangle | Ernest Codman | oncology, orthopaedic surgery, radiology | osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma |  | triangular subperiosteal growth
Comby sign | Jules Comby | paediatrics | rubeola |  | whitish patches on gingiva and buccal mucosa
Comolli's sign | Antonio Comolli | Orthopaedic surgery | Scapular fracture | "Comolli's sign". The Free Dictionary. Archived from the original on 29 April 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2013. | triangular swelling corresponding to the outline of the scapula
Coombs test | Robin Coombs | hematology | hemolytic anemia |  |
Coons fluorescent antibody method | Albert Coons | immunology |  | Albert Coons Archived 11 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine at National Academies Press | detection of antibodies by fluorescence microscopy using fluorescein-labelled antibodies
Cornell's sign | Ethel L. Cornell, American Neuropsychologist and Psychiatrist, Columbia University NY (1882-1972) | neurology | pyramidal tract lesions | The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Archived 10 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. | scratching alongside big toe extensor tendon elicits an extensor plantar response
Corrigan pulse | Dominic John Corrigan | cardiology | aortic insufficiency |  | carotid pulsations with abrupt ascending and descending phases
Councilman body | William Thomas Councilman | infectious disease | yellow fever, viral haemorrhagic fevers |  | eosinophilic globules in liver
Courvoisier's law | Ludwig Georg Courvoisier | gastroenterology | obstructive jaundice |  | palpable gall bladder w/ painless jaundice unlikely to be cholelithiasis
Crichton-Browne sign | Sir James Crichton-Browne | neuropsychiatry | 'general paresis' |  | tremor at corners of mouth and of outer canthus
Crowe sign | Frank W. Crowe | dermatology | neurofibromatosis type I |  | axillary freckling
Cruveilhier–Baumgarten bruit | Jean Cruveilhier, Paul Clemens von Baumgarten | hepatology | Cruveilhier–Baumgarten disease |  | bruit around the umbilicus
Cullen's sign | Thomas S. Cullen | surgery, obstetrics | intra-abdominal haemorrhage, ectopic pregnancy |  | ecchymosis around umbilicus predicts onset of acute pancreatitis
Curschmann spirals | Heinrich Curschmann | pulmonology | asthma |  | spiral mucus plugs found in sputum
Cushing's triad | Harvey Cushing | neurology | raised intracranial pressure |  | elevated systolic bp, bradycardia, irregular respiration
Dagher Maneuver | Nabil Dagher | trauma surgery | penetrating pelvic trauma |  | bimanual palpation of foreign object lodged in pelvis with one digit in an incision lateral to the anus and the other digit inserted in the rectum
Dahlén–Fuchs nodules | Johan Dahlén, Ernst Fuchs | ophthalmology | sympathetic ophthalmia | granulocytic infiltrate of the uvea |
Dahl's sign | K.V. Dahl | pulmonology | COPD |  | pigmented calluses on anterior surface of thighs (from leaning on elbows)
Dalrymple sign | John Dalrymple | ophthalmology, endocrinology | thyrotoxicosis | synd/494 at Who Named It? | widened palpebral opening
Dance's sign | Jean Baptiste Hippolyte Dance | (paediatric)surgery | ileo-cecal intussusception | synd/3355 at Who Named It? | empty RLQ (retracted right iliac fossa)
Darier's sign | Ferdinand-Jean Darier | allergy, dermatology | urticaria pigmentosa |  | dermatographia
Dawson's fingers | James Walker Dawson | neurology | multiple sclerosis | [1] Archived 21 April 2017 at the Wayback Machine [2] Archived 16 September 2019 at the Wayback Machine | characteristic fingerlike appearance of lateral ventricle on mri, ct, or at autopsy
De Musset's sign | Alfred de Musset | cardiology | aortic insufficiency |  | head nodding in time with heartbeat
Dennie–Morgan fold | Charles Clayton Dennie
DB Morgan | dermatology | atopic dermatitis | Dennie's line Archived 28 June 2022 at the Wayback Machine at TheFreeDictionary.com | accentuated fold below the lower eyelid
Destot's sign | Etienne Destot | orthopaedic surgery | pelvic fracture | [3] Archived 21 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine | ecchymosis superior to inguinal ligament, in scrotum or of thigh
Dix–Hallpike test | Margaret R. Dix, Charles Skinner Hallpike | otolaryngology | Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo | synd/3615 at Who Named It? | Elicitation of extreme vertigo upon lateral movement of a patient's head when lying in a supine position
Döhle bodies | Karl Gottfried Paul Döhle | pathology | various including trauma and neoplasm |  | basophilic inclusions in peripheral cytoplasm of neutrophils
Doi's sign | Hitoka Doi | neurology | Eaton–Lambert syndrome |  | reappearance of absent deep tendon reflexes after short period of maximal muscle contraction
Dunphy's sign | Osborne Joby Dunphy | surgery | appendicitis | [4] Archived 1 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine | increase in abdominal pain on coughing
Duroziez's sign | Paul Louis Duroziez | cardiology | aortic insufficiency |  | double bruit heard over femoral artery when it is compressed distally (see Traube's sign)
Elschnig spots | Anton Elschnig | ophthalmology | hypertensive retinopathy |  |
Epstein's pearls | Alois Epstein | paediatrics | normal newborn |  | cystic papules on palate
Ewart's sign | William Ewart | cardiology | pericardial effusion |  | percussive dullness, aegophony and bronchial breath sounds at L scapular tip
Faget sign | Jean-Charles Faget | infectious disease | yellow fever Typhoid Fever tularaemia brucellosis others | Faget's sign at Who Named It? | the unusual constellation of fever and bradycardia
Finkelstein's test | Harry Finkelstein | rheumatology | DeQuervain's tenosynovitis |  |
Forchheimer spots | Frederick Forchheimer | paediatrics | rubella |  | small red spots on the soft palate
Fothergill's sign | John Fothergill | surgery | rectus sheath hematoma |  | anterior abdominal mass which does not cross the midline and is still palpable when abdominal wall muscles are tensed
Fox's sign | George Henry Fox | gastroenterology | haemorrhagic pancreatitis |  | ecchymosis of inguinal ligament (blood tracks retroperitoneally)
Frank's sign | Sanders T. Frank | cardiology | ischaemic heart disease |  | ear crease indicating risk of heart disease (disputed)
Friedreich's sign | Nikolaus Friedreich | cardiology | constrictive pericarditis, tricuspid insufficiency |  | collapse of distended neck veins in diastole
Froment's sign | Jules Froment | neurology | ulnar nerve palsy |  | patient required to hold paper between thumb and palm (against attempt to withdraw);ability to do so is assessed
Gallavardin phenomenon | Louis Gallavardin | cardiology | aortic stenosis |  | dissociation of musical and noisy elements in ejection murmur
Gamna–Favre bodies | Carlos Gamna,
Maurice Favre | histology | lymphogranuloma venereum | Gamna-Favre bodies at Who Named It? | basophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies
Gandy–Gamna nodules | Charles Gandy,
Carlos Gamna | histology | splenomegaly due to portal hypertension and sickle cell disease | Gandy-Gamna bodies at Who Named It? | small yellow-brown foci in the spleen
Garrod's pads | Archibald Garrod | dermatology | repeated extreme tension of extensor tendon in interphalangeal joint |  | thickening of skin and tissue over interphalangeal joint
Gerhardt's sign | Carl Jakob Adolf Christian Gerhardt |  |  | Gerhardt's sign at Who Named It?
http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?Biermer's+sign | controversial[permanent dead link]: see references
Glasgow Coma Scale | Glasgow | neurology | A neurological scale which aims to give a reliable and objective way of recording the conscious state of a person for initial as well as subsequent assessment. |  | The sum of Eye, Motor and Verbal responses.
Goetz sign | Robert H. Goetz | Patent Ductus Arteriosus | Seen during right ventriculography in the setting of a patent ductus arteriosus, the Goetz sign refers to the negative contrast effect seen in the pulmonary artery from non-contrast enhanced blood shunting left to right from the aorta |  |
Gonda's sign | Viktor Gonda, Ukrainian Neuropsychiatrist, (1889-1959) | neurology | pyramidal tract lesions | The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Archived 10 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. | flexing then suddenly releasing the 4th toe elicits an extensor plantar response
Goodell's sign | William Goodell | obstetrics | pregnancy |  | softening of the vaginal part of the cervix during the first trimester
Goodsall's rule | David Henry Goodsall | gastroenterology, general surgery | anal fistula |  | anatomical relationships, differentiation of fistula types
Gordon's sign | Alfred Gordon | neurology | pyramidal tract lesions | The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Archived 10 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. | squeezing the calf muscle elicits an extensor plantar response
Gottron's papules | Heinrich Adolf Gottron | rheumatology | dermatomyositis | Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th Ed), Robbins & Cotran | Scaling, erythematous eruption or dusky red patches over the knuckles, elbows and knees
Gowers' sign[3] | William Richard Gowers | neurology | muscular dystrophy |  |
Graham Steell murmur | Graham Steell | cardiology | mitral stenosis |  | pulmonary regurgitation murmur in patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to mitral stenosis
Grey Turner's sign | George Grey Turner | surgery | retroperitoneal hemorrhage |  | flank ecchymosis
Griffith's sign | Alexander Hill Griffith, Scottish Ophthalmologist, Manchester (1858-1937) | endocrinology | Graves' ophthalmopathy | (needed) | lid lag of the lower eyelid on upward eye movement
Grisel's syndrome | Pierre Grisel | rheumatology |  |  | non-traumatic subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint caused by inflammation of the adjacent tissues
Gunn's sign | Robert Marcus Gunn | ophthalmology | hypertension | Gunn's sign at Who Named It? | AV "nicking" or "nipping" in hypertensive retinopathy
Hamman's sign | Louis Hamman | thoracic surgery | oesophageal perforation w/ pneumomediastinum |  | crepitus in sync w/ heartbeat but not respiration
Hampton's hump | Aubrey Otis Hampton | pulmonology, radiology | pulmonary embolus with infarct | Hampton's hump at Who Named It? | wedge shaped consolidation at periphery with base on the pleura
Hampton's line | Aubrey Otis Hampton | radiology, gastroenterology | peptic ulcer | Hampton's line at Who Named It? | line on barium meal indicating mucosal oedema associated with ulcer
Hannington-Kiff sign | John G. Hannington-Kiff | general surgery | obturator hernia |  | absent thigh adductor reflex with positive patellar reflex
Harrison's groove | Edward Harrison | internal medicine | rickets | Harrison's sulcus at Who Named It? | rib deformity at the lower thorax
Hatchcock's sign | ? | paediatrics, infectious disease | mumps | (needed) | tenderness behind angle of jaw (typically before swelling is evident)
Heberden's node | William Heberden | rheumatology | osteoarthritis |  | same as bouchard's nodes, but over dip joints
Hegar's sign | Ernst Ludwig Alfred Hegar | obstetrics | normal pregnancy |  | softening of cervical isthmus appearing between 4th and 6th weeks (usually)
Hess test | Alfred Fabian Hess | internal medicine | capillary fragility | Rumpel-Konchalevskii-Leede phenomenon or sign at Who Named It? | appearance of petechiae after compression of arm by bandage or blood pressure cuff
Hildreth's sign | DH Hildreth | dermatology | glomus tumor |  | Relief of pain at tumor site upon vascular occlusion of limb, with acute return of pain on reperfusion
Hippocratic face | Hippocrates | palliative care | impending death |  |
Hippocratic fingers | Hippocrates | pulmonary medicine | chronic hypoxia |  | clubbing of distal phalanges
Hirschberg test | Julius Hirschberg | ophthalmology | strabismus |  | corneal reflection centred (-) or not centred (+) on pupil
Hoffmann's sign | Johann Hoffmann | neurology | corticospinal tract lesions |  | tapping distal phalanx of 3rd or 4th finger elicits flexion of same in thumb
Hollenhorst plaque | Robert Hollenhorst | ophthalmology | hypertension, coronary artery disease, and/or diabetes |  | cholesterol embolus(i) of retinal artery(ies)
Homans' sign | John Homans | thrombosis | deep venous thrombosis |  | knee bent, ankle abruptly dorsiflexed, popliteal pain
Hoover's sign (leg paresis) | Charles Franklin Hoover | neurology, psychiatry | lower extremity paresis |  | differentiates organic from non-organic etiology
Hoover's sign (pulmonary) | Charles Franklin Hoover | pulmonology | COPD |  | inward movement of lower ribs during inspiration
Howship–Romberg sign | John Howship,
Moritz Heinrich Romberg | surgery | obturator hernia | Howship's syndrome at Who Named It? | pain from an obturator hernia radiating to knee
Hutchinson's freckle | Sir Jonathan Hutchinson | dermatology | melanoma | Hutchinson's freckle at Who Named It? | precancerous facial pigmentation
Hutchinson's pupil | Sir Jonathan Hutchinson | neurology | oculomotor nerve lesion | Hutchinson's pupil at Who Named It? | dilated pupil on the side of an intracranial lesion due to IIIrd nerve compression
Hutchinson's sign | Sir Jonathan Hutchinson | ophthalmology | herpes zoster | Hutchinson's sign 2 at Who Named It? | lesion on tip of the nose which can presage ocular herpes zoster
Hutchinson's teeth[4] | Sir Jonathan Hutchinson | pediatrics | congenital syphilis |  | small, widely spaced incisors with notched biting surfaces
Hutchinson's triad | Sir Jonathan Hutchinson | pediatrics | congenital syphilis |  | interstitial keratitis, nerve deafness, Hutchinson's teeth
Janeway lesion | Theodore Caldwell Janeway | cardiology | infective endocarditis |  | palmar or plantar erythematous or haemorrhagic papules
Jendrassik maneuver | Ernő Jendrassik | neurology | hyporeflexia |  | compares patellar reflex w/ and w/o distraction
Jobe's relocation test  | Christopher Jobe  | orthopedics  |  |  |
Joffroy's sign | Alexis Joffroy | endocrinology | exophthalmos in Graves disease | Joffroy's sign I at Who Named It? | lack of forehead wrinkling when patient looks up with head bowed
Jolly's test | Friedrich Jolly | neurology | myasthenia gravis or Eaton–Lambert syndrome |  | electromyography test using repeated stimuli to show fatiguability in myasthenia
Jones criteria | T. Duckett Jones | rheumatology | rheumatic fever |  | criteria used to diagnose rheumatic fever
Kanavel's sign | Allen B. Kanavel | orthopedics, rheumatology | tenosynovitis of flexor digitorum tendon | http://www.emedicine.com/orthoped/TOPIC97.HTM Archived 28 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine | (1) finger held in slight flexion, (2) fusiform swelling, (3) tenderness along the flexor tendon sheath, and (4) pain with passive extension of the digit.
Kayser–Fleischer ring | Bernhard Kayser,
Bruno Fleischer | neurology, gastroenterology | Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) |  | ring of brownish copper deposit at corneo-scleral junction
Kehr's sign | Hans Kehr | trauma surgery | ruptured spleen |  | referred pain to L shoulder
Kelly's sign | Howard Atwood Kelly | surgery, urology |  |  | visible response of ureter when touched (means of identifying same)
Kerley lines | Peter Kerley | radiology | pulmonary edema |  |
Kernig's sign | Woldemar Kernig | neurology | meningism, meningitis, subarachnoid haemorrhage | synd/2200 at Who Named It? | hip and knee fully flexed, extension of knee elicits pain and/or opisthotonus
Kocher's sign | Emil Theodor Kocher | ophthalmology, endocrinology | Hyperthyroidism, Basedow's disease, |  | In fixation on a fast upwards movement there occurs a convulsive retraction of the eyelid
Koebner's phenomenon | Heinrich Koebner | dermatology | various conditions |  |
Koeppe's nodules | Leonhard Koeppe | ophthalmology | uveitis |  | granulomatous nodules at pupillary margin
Koplik's spots | Henry Koplik | pediatrics | measles |  |
Korotkoff sounds | Nikolai Korotkov | cardiology | auscultatory sphygmomanometry |  | Korotkov described 5 sounds. Only the first (the onset of audible sound, and corresponding to systolic pressure) and the fifth (sound becomes inaudible, corresponding to diastolic pressure) are of practical clinical significance (however, see:Auscultatory gap)
Kussmaul breathing[5] | Adolph Kussmaul | endocrinology | metabolic acidosis |  | laboured deep breathing with normal or reduced frequency
Kussmaul's sign | Adolph Kussmaul | cardiology | various, including right side failure |  | increased jugular distension on inspiration
Kveim test | Morten Ansgar Kveim | pulmonary medicine | sarcoidosis |  | intradermal injection of lymphatic extract from known sufferer; obsolete
Lachman maneuver | John Lachman | orthopedic surgery | anterior cruciate ligament injury |  | modified anterior drawer test with knee in less flexion
Ladin's sign | Louis Julius Ladin, Lithuanian-American Gynecologist, (1862-1951) | obstetrics | normal pregnancy | (needed) | softening of uterus; similar to Hegar's sign
Lancisi's sign | Giovanni Maria Lancisi | cardiology | tricuspid regurgitation |  | giant v-wave in seen in jugular vein
Landau–Kleffner syndrome | William Landau, Frank Kleffner | neurology, psychiatry | aphasia |  | aphasia and an abnormal EEG
Larrey's sign | Dominique Larrey | rheumatology | sacroiliitis |  | pain in sacroiliac area on sitting down on hard chair
Lasègue's sign | Charles Lasègue | neurosurgery, orthopaedic surgery | lumbar disc lesions, sciatica |  | better known as straight leg raise test
Leopold's maneuver | Christian Gerhard Leopold | obstetrics |  | Leopold's maneuver at Who Named It? | determination of fetal lie
Leser–Trélat sign | Edmund Leser,
Ulysse Trélat | oncology | malignant neoplasm | Leser-Trélat sign at Who Named It? | sudden onset of multiple pruritic seborrheic keratoses
Levine's sign | Samuel A. Levine | cardiology | myocardial infarction |  | patient clenches fist over chest when asked to describe pain
Lhermitte's sign | Jean Lhermitte | neurology | lesions of cervical cord dorsal columns or caudal medulla, MS, chemotherapy, Behçet's disease |  | electrical sensation down the back and into limbs with neck flexion or extension
Liebermeister's rule | Carl von Liebermeister | internal medicine |  | Liebermeister's rule at Who Named It? | For each fever degree Celsius an increase of 8 beats per minute in cardiac frequency
Lisch nodule | Karl Lisch | ophthalmology | type I neurofibromatosis |  | yellow brown hamartomata on iris
Lisker's sign | ? | internal medicine | deep venous thrombosis | (needed) | tenderness on percussion of antero-medial tibia
Litten's sign | Moritz Litten | cardiology | infective endocarditis | eMedicine Archived 2 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine | cotton-wool exudate in the retina
Lombard effect | Étienne Lombard | psychiatry | malingering due to simulated deafness |  | automatic rise in the loudness of a person's voice when they speak in noise
Louvel's sign | ? | internal medicine | deep venous thrombosis | (needed) | increased pain along vein with Valsalva; proximal pressure prevents this
Lowenberg's sign | Robert I. Lowenberg | vascular medicine | deep vein thrombosis | (needed) | immediate pain on inflating blood pressure cuff around calf
MacDonald triad | John M. MacDonald | psychiatry | sociopathic personality disorder |  | eneuresis, firesetting and animal torture predictive of future criminal behaviour
Macewen's sign | Sir William Macewen | neurology, neurosurgery | hydrocephalus, brain abscess |  | resonance on percussion of fronto-temporo-parietal suture
Magnan's sign | Valentin Magnan | addiction medicine | cocaine dependence | Magnan's sign at Who Named It? | feeling of moving foreign body under the skin
Mantoux test | Charles Mantoux | infectious disease | tuberculosis |  | intradermal protein derivative – diameter of wheal evaluated
Marcus Gunn pupil | Robert Marcus Gunn | ophthalmology, neurology | severe retinal disease, lesion of optic nerve anterior to chiasm | Gunn's pupillary phenomenon at Who Named It? | Relative pupil dilatation when light swings to the affected side
Markle's sign | George Bushar Markle IV | surgery | appendicitis | (needed) | RLQ pain on dropping from standing on toes to heels
Massouh's sign | Farouk Massouh | surgery | appendicitis | (needed) | grimace of the patient upon a right sided (and not left) sweep.
Mayne's sign | ? | cardiology | aortic insufficiency | (needed) | diastolic blood pressure drop of >15mmHg on raising arm
McBurney's point | Charles McBurney | surgery | appendicitis |  | 2/3 of the way lateral on a line from umbilicus to anterior superior iliac spine (corresponds to junction of vermiform appendix and cecum)
McConnell's sign | M.V. McConnell | cardiology | pulmonary embolism |  | echocardiography finding of akinesia of the mid-free wall of the right ventricle but normal motion of the apex
McMurray test | Thomas Porter McMurray | orthopaedics | meniscal tear | McMurray's sign at Who Named It? | knee extended, valgus stress applied, leg rotated produces palpable or audible click
Means–Lerman scratch | J. Lerman, J.H. Means | endocrinology | hyperthyroidism |  | systolic heart murmur similar to pericardial rub
Mees' lines | R.A. Mees | toxicology | arsenic or heavy metal poisoning |  | transverse white lines across the nails
Mellinghoff's sign | Karl Hermann Mellinghoff, German Endocrinologist, (1908-1967) | hyperbaric medicine | cutaneous decompression sickness |  | coughing or Valsalve accentuates the venous markings of an erysipeloid rash
Mentzer index | William C. Mentzer Jr. | hematology | microcytic anemia |  | differentiates iron deficiency anaemia from beta thalassaemia
Miller Fisher test | C. Miller Fisher | neurology | normal pressure hydrocephalus |  | Improvement in cognitive function after withdrawal of CSF during lumbar puncture used to confirm diagnosis
Moniz sign | António Egas Moniz | neurology | pyramidal tract lesions | The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Archived 10 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. | forceful plantar flexion of the ankle elicits an extensor plantar response
Möbius sign | Paul Julius Möbius | endocrinology | thyrotoxicosis | Möbius sign Archived 25 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine at TheFreeDictionary.com | inability to maintain convergence of eyes
Muehrcke's lines | Robert C. Muehrcke | nephrology, oncology | hypoalbuminaemia, chemotherapy |  | paired transverse white lines on nail bed
Mulder's sign | Jacob D. Mulder | neurology, podiatry | Morton's neuroma |  | transverse compression of the forefoot elicits pain in the distribution of the affected nerve
Müller's maneuver | Johannes Peter Müller | pulmonology | collapsed section of airway |  | patient attempts to breathe in with nose and mouth closed (opposite of Valsalva maneuver)
Müller's sign | Friedrich von Müller | cardiology | aortic insufficiency | Müller's sign at Who Named It? | visible pulsation or bobbing of uvula
Murphy's punch sign | John B. Murphy | urology | perinephric abscess | Murphy's punch at Who Named It? | punch tenderness at the costovertebral angle
Murphy's sign | John B. Murphy | surgery | cholecystitis | Murphy's sign at Who Named It? | hesitation on inspiration while gall bladder is palpated
Myerson's sign | Abraham Myerson | neurology | Parkinson's disease |  | inability to resist blinking when glabella is percussed
Naegele's rule | Franz Karl Naegele | gynecology | gestation |  | method of estimating due date
Nardi test | George Nardi | gastroenterology | dysfunction of sphincter of Oddi |  | administration of morphine and neostigmine reproduces sharp LUQ pain; not in general use
Nikolsky's sign | Pyotr Nikolsky | dermatology | various, including pemphigus vulgaris |  | shearing of epidermis under pressure
O'Brien's test | ? |  |  | https://mskmedicine.com/clinical_skills/obriens-test/ | Assesses[permanent dead link] the integrity of the glenoid labrum and AC joint
O'Donoghue's triad | D. O'Donoghue | orthopaedics, sports medicine | knee injury |  | coincidence of anterior cruciate injury, medial collateral injury and meniscal tear
Oliver's sign | William Silver Oliver | cardiology | aortic arch aneurysm |  | caudal movement of trachea with systole
Oppenheim's sign | Hermann Oppenheim | neurology | pyramidal tract lesions | Oppenheim's reflex at Who Named It? | irritation downward of the medial tibia causes dorsiflexion of big toe
Ortolani test | Marino Ortolani | pediatrics & orthopedics | congenital hip dislocation | Ortolani's sign and test at Who Named It? | palpable clunk on moving hip
Osborn wave | John Jay Osborn | cardiology, emergency medicine | hypothermia |  | positive deflection at QRS-ST junction
Osler's node | Sir William Osler | internal medicine | various, including SBE and SLE |  | painful red lesions on the pads of the fingers and plantar surfaces
Osler's sign | Sir William Osler | internal medicine | atherosclerosis |  | falsely elevated bp reading due to incompressibility of calcified vessels
Palla's sign | Antonio Palla | internal medicine | pulmonary embolism | Pulmonary embolism Archived 25 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine at Merck Manual online | enlarged right descending pulmonary artery on chest x-ray
Pastia's sign | Constantin Chessec Pastia | pediatrics | scarlet fever | Pastia's sign at Who Named It? | lines of confluent petechiae in skin creases (associated with Scarlatiniform rash and strep pyogenes)
Patrick's test | Hugh Talbot Patrick | rheumatology | sacroiliitis | Patrick's test at Who Named It? | external rotation of the hip causes pain
Peabody's sign | C.N. Peabody | internal medicine | deep vein thrombosis |  | calf muscle spasm when raising the affected leg with the foot extended
Pemberton's sign | Hugh Pemberton | thoracic surgery | retrosternal mass with superior vena cava syndrome |  | arms elevated over head elicits facial plethora, distended neck veins and inspiratory stridor
Phalen's maneuver | George S. Phalen | rheumatology, hand surgery | carpal tunnel syndrome |  | 30–60 seconds of full forced flexion of wrist elicits symptoms
Piskaçek's sign | Ludwig Piskaçek | obstetrics | normal pregnancy | Piskaçek's sign at Who Named It? | palpable lateral bulge at tubal-uterine junction; present at 7–8 weeks
Plummer's nail | Henry Stanley Plummer | endocrinology | thyrotoxicosis | Plummer's nail at Who Named It? | onycholysis especially of ring and little fingers
Pratt's sign | Gerald H. Pratt | internal medicine | deep venous thrombosis |  | pain elicited by compression of posterior calf
Prehn's sign | Douglas T. Prehn  | urology | testicular torsion |  | no pain relief with lifting the affected testicle suggests testicular torsion
Queckenstedt's maneuver | Hans Heinrich Georg Queckenstedt | neurology | spinal stenosis | Queckenstedt's phenomenon at Who Named It? | bilateral jugular vein pressure during lumbar puncture causes sudden rise in CSF pressure
Quincke's sign | Heinrich Irenaeus Quincke | cardiology | aortic insufficiency | Quincke's capillary pulse at Who Named It? | visible pulsation in ungual capillary bed
Reynolds' pentad | B.M. Reynolds | gastroenterology | ascending cholangitis | Reynold's pentad at Who Named It? | Charcot's triad + hypotension and altered mental state
Riesman's sign | David Riesman | endocrinology | thyrotoxicosis |  | bruit over globe of the eye
Rigler's sign[6] | Leo George Rigler | radiology, abdominal surgery | pneumoperitoneum | Rigler's sign at Who Named It? | gas outlines both mucosal and serosal surfaces of bowel
Rinne test | Heinrich Adolf Rinne | ENT, neurology, audiometry | hearing impairment | Rinne's test at Who Named It? | comparison of air conduction to bone conduction differentiates sensorineural from conductive deafness
Romaña's sign | Cecilio Romaña | tropical medicine | Chagas' disease | Romaña's sign at Who Named It? | painless unilateral periorbital swelling
Romberg test | Moritz Heinrich Romberg | neurology | dorsal column lesions, cerebllar lesions, alcohol intoxication | Romberg's sign at Who Named It? | inability to maintain posture with eyes closed
Rose's sign | ? | vascular medicine | deep vein thrombosis | (needed) | Warm, stiff feeling of skin when affected leg is pinched
Rosenbach's test | Ottomar Rosenbach | clinical chemistry | bilirubinuria | Rosenbach's test at Who Named It? | colour produced on addition of nitric acid
Rosenstein's sign | Paul Rosenstein | general surgery | appendicitis | Advances in Pediatrics. JP Medical Ltd. p. 1432\. ISBN 978-93-5025-777-7. | tenderness in the right lower quadrant increases when the patient moves from the supine position to a recumbent posture on the left side
Rossolimo's sign | Grigory Ivanovich Rossolimo | neurology | pyramidal tract lesions | The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Archived 10 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. | percussion of the tips of the toes causes exaggerated flexion of the toes
Roth's spots | Moritz Roth | ophthalmology, internal medicine | various, including SBE and systemic vasculitides | Roth's spot at Who Named It? | retinal haemorrhages with pale centres seen at fundoscopy
Rovsing's sign | Niels Thorkild Rovsing | general surgery | appendicitis | Rovsing's sign at Who Named It? | palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ
Rumpel–Leede sign | Theodor Rumpel,
Carl Stockbridge Leede | haematology | capillary fragility | Rumpel-Leede test at Who Named It? | petechiae seen after compression by tourniquet
Russell's sign | Gerald Russell | psychiatry | bulimia nervosa |  | scarring of the dorsum of one hand (contact with incisors when purging)
Salus's sign | Robert Salus | ophthalmology | hypertension | Hypertension Archived 9 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine at Medscape | deflection of retinal veins at right angle junctions due to elongation or shortening of connected arterioles
Schaeffer's sign | Max Schaeffer | neurology | pyramidal tract lesions | Schäffer's reflex at Who Named It? | squeezing the Achilles tendon elicits an extensor plantar response
Schamroth's window test | Leo Schamroth | pulmonology, cardiology | chronic hypoxia |  | identifies clubbing of distal phalanges
Schiller's test | Walter Schiller | gynecology | cervical cancer | Schiller's test at Who Named It? | affected areas of cervix fail to stain brown with iodine solution
Schilling test | Robert F. Schilling | internal medicine | pernicious anaemia, coeliac disease, other malabsorption disorders |  | B12 radioassay; rare
Schirmer's test | Otto Schirmer | ophthalmology | keratoconjunctivitis sicca, as in Sjögren's syndrome |  | quantifies lacrimal secretion
Schober test | Paul Schober | physiatry, rheumatology, orthopaedics | various disorders of lumbar vertebrae | Schober's sign at Who Named It? | quantifies lumbar flexion
Sherren's triangle | James Sherren | surgery | appendicitis | Sherren's triangle at Who Named It? | area of hyperaesthesia over the right lower abdomen
Shone's complex | John D. Shone | cardiology | congenital heart defect |  | supravalvular mitral ring, parachute deformity of mitral valve, subaortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta
Siegrist streaks | August Siegrist | ophthalmology | malignant hypertension |  | hyperpigmented streaks parallel to choroidal vessels
Simmonds' test | Franklin Adin Simmonds | orthopaedics | Achilles tendon rupture |  | squeezing of calf fails to produce plantar flexion
Sims–Huhner test | Harry M. Sims, Max Huhner | reproductive medicine | infertility | Sims-Huhner test at Who Named It? | determination of sperm count and motility in a sample taken from the cervical canal within an hour of intercourse
Sister Mary Joseph nodule[7] | Sister Mary Joseph Dempsey (born Julia Dempsey) | oncology | various abdominal malignancies |  | palpable lymph node in the umbilicus
Spurling's test | Roy Glenwood Spurling | neurology | cervical radiculopathy | Spurling's manoeuvre and sign at Who Named It? | axial compression and rotation of cervical spine to the side of symptoms causes pain
Stellwag's sign | Karl Stellwag von Carion | endocrinology | thyrotoxicosis |  | infrequent and/or incomplete blinking, accompanied by Dalrymple's sign
Still's murmur | Sir George Frederick Still | paediatric cardiology | subaortic stenosis, small Ventricular septal defect | Still's mmurmur at Who Named It? | systolic ejection sound ; vibratory/musical; best heard at left lower sternal border
Stransky's sign | ? | neurology | pyramidal tract lesions | The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Archived 10 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine Neurol India 48 (4): 314–18. | sudden abduction and release of little toe causes extensor plantar response
Stroop test | John Ridley Stroop | neuropsychology | various, including ADHD and schizophrenia |  | reaction times for incongruent stimuli (e.g., word red printed in blue)
Strümpell's sign | Adolph Strümpell | neurology | spastic pareses of the lower extremity | Strümpell's sign I at Who Named It? | failure of abrupt passive flexion of the hip and/or knee to elicit dorsiflexion and adduction of foot
Terry's nails | R. Terry | internal medicine | various including hepatic failure |  | white 'ground glass' nails;absence of lunula
Terry Thomas sign | Terry-Thomas | Orthopaedics | Scapho-lunate dissociation | Atlas of Signs in Musculoskeletal Radiology Archived 29 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine | Gap between the scaphoid and lunate bones on AP wrist radiograph
Thomas test | Hugh Owen Thomas | Orthopaedics | Fixed flexion deformity of hip |  | Supine patient flexes one hip whilst keeping other leg flat; back arches if flexion deformity is present
Throckmorton's reflex | Tom Bentley Throckmorton | neurology | pyramidal tract lesions | The Babinski sign – a reappraisal Archived 10 April 2021 at the Wayback Machine Neurol India 48 (4): 314–8. | pressure over dorsal big toe MTP joint elicits an extensor plantar response
Tinel's sign | Jules Tinel | neurology | neuritis, compression disorders |  | 'DTP' – distal tingling on percussion
Todd's paresis | Robert Bentley Todd | neurology | seizure disorders |  | focal weakness for as much as 48 hours after seizure
Traube's sign | Ludwig Traube | various | splenomegaly |  | dull percussion sound over Traube's space
Trendelenburg's sign | Friedrich Trendelenburg | neurology | inferior gluteal palsy, other causes of hip abductors weakness |  | pelvic tilt contralateral to 'stance leg'
Troisier's sign | Charles Emile Troisier | internal medicine, oncology | Various abdominal malignancies, especially stomach cancer | Troisier's node or sign at Who Named It? | Enlargement of the left supraclavicular lymph node (=Virchow's node)
Trousseau's sign of malignancy | Armand Trousseau | internal medicine | various malignancies, including pancreatic |  | spontaneous thrombosis of multiple veins, including portal circulation
Trousseau's sign of latent tetany | Armand Trousseau | internal medicine, endocrinology | hypocalcaemia | Trendelenburg's phenomenon at Who Named It? | in hypocalcaemia, occlusion of brachial artery induces carpal spasm
Uhthoff's phenomenon | Wilhelm Uhthoff | neurology | multiple sclerosis | Uhthoff's symptom at Who Named It? | ↑ in neurological symptoms with exercise or other increase in body temperature
Unterberger test | Siegfried Unterberger | neurology, ENT | vestibular lesions |  | patient walks in place with eyes closed;direction of rotation indicates vestibular lesion on that side
Virchow's node | Rudolf Virchow | internal medicine, oncology | Various abdominal malignancies, especially stomach cancer | Virchow's node at Who Named It? | Enlargement of the left supraclavicular lymph node (=Troisier's sign)
Virchow's triad | Rudolf Virchow | hematology | etiology of thrombosis |  | Hypercoagulability, Hemodynamic changes (stasis, turbulence) and Endothelial injury/dysfunction
Von Braun-Fernwald's sign | Karl von Braun-Fernwald | obstetrics | pregnancy |  | softening of the uterine fundus at the site of implantation at 4–5 weeks gestation
Von Graefe sign | Albrecht von Graefe | endocrinology | Graves' disease |  | ' lid lag'; immobility of upper lid on downward gaze
Wada test | Juhn Atsushi Wada | neurology | epilepsy, anatomical lesions of cerebrum | Wada's test at Who Named It? | short acting barbiturate injected in internal carotid; lateralizes language function
Waddell's signs | G. Waddell | primary care, psychiatry | chronic pain |  | identify non-organic sources of low back pain
Waddell's triad | J.P. Waddell | paediatric trauma | child pedestrian struck by motor vehicle |  | Head trauma, thoracic and/or abdominal trauma, femoral fracture
Watson's water hammer pulse | Sir Thomas Watson, 1st Baronet | cardiology | aortic regurgitation | J. Suvarna Watson's water hammer pulse Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 2008-04-01 | bounding forceful pulse elicited with postural manoeuvres
Wellens' sign or warning | Hein Wellens | cardiology | severe stenosis of LAD |  | characteristic ekg changes
Wernicke encephalopathy | Carl Wernicke | neurology, psychiatry | thiamine deficiency |  | neurological symptoms caused by biochemical lesions of the central nervous system after exhaustion of B-vitamin reserves, in particular thiamine
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome | Carl Wernicke, Sergei Korsakoff | neurology, psychiatry | Wernicke encephalopathy, Korsakoff syndrome |  | combined presence of Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) and Korsakoff syndrome
Westermark sign | Nils Westermark | pulmonology | pulmonary embolism |  | Area of oligaemia on chest x-ray
Whipple's triad | Allen Whipple | endocrinology | hypoglycemia |  | 1.symptoms associated with hypoglycaemia 2. measured low serum glucose 3. relief of symptoms with administration of glucose p.o. or iv
Wickham's striae | Louis Frédéric Wickham | dermatology | lichen planus |  | white or greyish lines on the lichen planus lesions
Widal test | Georges-Fernand Widal | microbiology | enteric fever |  | serum agglutination; obsolete(?)
Winterbottom's sign | Thomas Masterman Winterbottom | tropical medicine | trypanosomiasis |  | posterior cervical chain adenopathy
Wolff–Parkinson–White triad | Sir John Parkinson,
Paul Dudley White,
Louis Wolff | cardiology | supraventricular tachycardia | Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome at Who Named It? | pre-excitation on ECG
Wright's maneuver | ? |  |  | (needed) |
Yeoman's test | ? | rheumatology | sacroiliitis | (needed) | sacroiliac pain on rotation of ilium and extension of hip
Yergason's test | ? | orthopedic surgery | bicipital tendinitis |  | anterior shoulder pain with resisted supination of the forearm

Numerous additional signs can be found for Graves disease under Graves' ophthalmopathy.

## See also[edit | edit source]

* Medical eponyms
* Pathognomonic
* List of medical triads and pentads

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ if the palmar arch is not present, radial artery stick for blood gases is contraindicated
2. ↑ Goldman, Lee. Goldman's Cecil Medicine (24th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders. p. 2446\. ISBN 1437727883.
3. ↑ also called Gowers' manoeuvre
4. ↑ also called Hutchinson's incisors
5. ↑ or Kussmaul respiration
6. ↑ also called the double wall sign
7. ↑ also Sister Mary Joseph sign