List of political theorists

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This is a list of notable political theorists. See the list of political scientists for those who study politics using the scientific method.

A political theorist is someone who engages in constructing or evaluating political theory, including political philosophy. Theorists may be academics or independent scholars.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

## Contents

* 1 Ancient
* 2 Medieval
* 3 Renaissance and early modern
* 4 Late modern
* 5 Born in 20th century
* 6 See also
* 7 References

## Ancient

* Aristotle
* Chanakya
* Cicero
* Confucius
* Mencius
* Plato
* Socrates

## Medieval

* al-Farabi[1]
* Dante Alighieri[1]
* Averroes[1]
* Thomas Aquinas[1]
* Ibn Khaldun[1]
* John of Salisbury[1]
* Maimonides[1]
* Muhammad
* William of Ockham[1]

## Renaissance and early modern

* Jeremy Bentham
* Edmund Burke
* Benjamin Franklin
* Hugo Grotius
* Johann Gottfried von Herder
* Thomas Hobbes[2]
* Immanuel Kant[3]
* John Locke[4]
* Niccolò Machiavelli[5]
* James Madison
* John Milton
* Thomas More
* Montesquieu
* Samuel von Pufendorf
* Adam Smith
* Jean-Jacques Rousseau[6]

## Late modern

* Muhammad Asad
* Hayk Asatryan
* Mikhail Bakunin
* Frédéric Bastiat
* Samuel Taylor Coleridge
* Juan Donoso Cortés
* Émile Durkheim[7]
* Friedrich Engels
* Julius Evola
* René Guénon
* William Godwin
* Emma Goldman
* Friedrich Hayek
* Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel[8]
* Theodor Herzl
* Peter Kropotkin
* Muhammad Iqbal
* Rose Wilder Lane
* Gustave Le Bon
* Vladimir Lenin
* György Lukács
* Rosa Luxemburg
* Joseph de Maistre
* Herbert Marcuse
* Charles Maurras
* Karl Marx[9]
* John Stuart Mill
* Adam Müller
* Thomas Paine
* Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
* Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
* Joseph Schumpeter
* Oswald Spengler
* Lysander Spooner
* Max Stirner
* Leo Strauss
* Leon Trotsky
* Alexis de Tocqueville[10]
* Max Weber[11]
* Mary Wollstonecraft

## Born in 20th century

* Theodor Adorno
* Tariq Ali
* Louis Althusser
* Gabriel Almond
* Hannah Arendt
* Raymond Aron
* Kenneth Arrow
* Isaiah Berlin
* Murray Bookchin
* Wendy Brown
* James Burnham
* Cornelius Castoriadis
* Noam Chomsky
* Dobrica Ćosić
* Robert Dahl
* Raya Dunayevskaya
* Ronald Dworkin
* David Easton
* Frantz Fanon
* Nancy Fraser
* Michael Freeden
* Betty Friedan
* David D. Friedman
* Erich Fromm
* Francis Fukuyama
* Muammar Gaddafi
* Antonio Gramsci
* Che Guevara
* Amy Gutmann
* Jürgen Habermas
* Ho Chi Minh
* Hans-Hermann Hoppe
* C. L. R. James
* Ruhollah Khomeini
* Russell Kirk
* Leszek Kołakowski
* Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn
* Will Kymlicka
* Ernesto Laclau
* Ali Latifiyan
* Alasdair MacIntyre
* Harvey Mansfield
* Chantal Mouffe
* Antonio Negri
* Robert Nozick
* Martha Nussbaum
* Michael Oakeshott
* Karl Popper
* Robert D. Putnam
* Sayyid Qutb
* Ayn Rand
* John Rawls
* Michael Walzer
* Murray Rothbard
* Wilhelm Röpke
* Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar
* James C. Scott
* Carl Schmitt
* Roger Scruton
* Charles Taylor
* Eric Voegelin
* Simone Weil
* John Zerzan
* Howard Zinn

## See also

* Political science
* Political scientist
* Politics
* List of political philosophers

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Nederman, Cary; Mulieri, Alessandro (Fall 2025). "Medieval Political Philosophy". https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/medieval-political/.
2. ↑ Slomp, Gabriella (2011). "Hobbes, Thomas". International Encyclopedia of Political Science. 4. Thousand Oaks: Sage. p. 1098–1100.
3. ↑ Brandt, Reinhard (2011). "Kant, Immanuel". International Encyclopedia of Political Science. 5. Thousand Oaks: Sage. p. 1399–1401.
4. ↑ Casalini, Brunella (2011). "Locke, John". International Encyclopedia of Political Science. 5. Thousand Oaks: Sage. p. 1470–1473.
5. ↑ Barthas, Jérémie (2011). "Machiavelli, Niccolò". International Encyclopedia of Political Science. 5. Thousand Oaks: Sage. p. 1479–1481.
6. ↑ Leterre, Thierry (2011). "Rousseau, Jean-Jacques". International Encyclopedia of Political Science. 7. Thousand Oaks: Sage. p. 2332–2335.
7. ↑ Poggi, Gianfranco (2011). "Durkheim, Émile". International Encyclopedia of Political Science. 3. Thousand Oaks: Sage. p. 696–699.
8. ↑ Tyler, Colin (2011). "Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich". International Encyclopedia of Political Science. 4. Thousand Oaks: Sage. p. 1066–1069.
9. ↑ Guo, Dingping (2011). "Marx, Karl". International Encyclopedia of Political Science. 5. Thousand Oaks: Sage. p. 1492–1495.
10. ↑ Jaume, Lucien (2011). "Tocqueville, Alexis de". International Encyclopedia of Political Science. 8. Thousand Oaks: Sage. p. 2621–2624.
11. ↑ Kaelber, Lutz (2011). "Weber, Max". International Encyclopedia of Political Science. 8. Thousand Oaks: Sage. p. 2736–2739.

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