Cadmium iodide

Names
IUPAC name

Cadmium(II) iodide

Other names

Cadmium diiodide

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 7790-80-9 Y

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

ChemSpider |

* 23037 Y

EC Number |

* 232-223-6

PubChem CID

* 277692

UNII |

* 2F2UPU4KCW Y

InChI

* InChI=1S/Cd.2HI/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2 Y

Key: OKIIEJOIXGHUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Y

* InChI=1/Cd.2HI/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2

Key: OKIIEJOIXGHUKX-NUQVWONBAZ

SMILES

* [Cd+2].[I-].[I-]

Properties

Chemical formula

| CdI2
Molar mass | 366.22 g/mol
Appearance  | white to pale yellow crystals
Density | 5.640 g/cm3, solid
Melting point |  387 °C (729 °F; 660 K)
Boiling point |  742 °C (1,368 °F; 1,015 K)

Solubility in water

| 787 g/L (0 °C)
847 g/L (20 °C)
1250 g/L (100 °C)
Solubility | soluble in ethanol, acetone, ether and ammonia

Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

| −117.2·10−6 cm3/mol
Structure

Crystal structure

| Trigonal, hP3, space group P3m1, No. 164

Coordination geometry

| octahedral
Hazards
GHS pictograms |
GHS Signal word | Danger

GHS hazard statements

| H301, H331, H351, H373, H410

GHS precautionary statements

| P260, P280, P301+330+331, P310, P304+340, P311, P403+233
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)  |

NIOSH (US health exposure limits):

PEL (Permissible)

| [1910.1027] TWA 0.005 mg/m3 (as Cd)[1]

REL (Recommended)

| Ca[1]

IDLH (Immediate danger)

| Ca [9 mg/m3 (as Cd)][1]
Related compounds

Other anions

| cadmium fluoride
cadmium chloride
cadmium bromide

Other cations

| zinc iodide
mercury(II) iodide

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Y verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Cadmium iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula CdI2. It is a white hygroscopic solid. It also can be obtained as a mono- and tetrahydrate.[2] It has few applications. It is notable for its crystal structure, which is typical for compounds of the form MX2 with strong polarization effects.

## Contents

* 1 Preparation
* 2 Applications
* 3 Crystal structure
* 4 References

## Preparation

Cadmium iodide is prepared by the addition of cadmium metal, or its oxide, hydroxide or carbonate to hydroiodic acid. Also, the compound can be made by heating cadmium with iodine.[2]

## Applications

Historically, cadmium iodide was used as a catalyst for the Henkel process, a high-temperature isomerisation of dipotassium phthalate to yield the terephthalate. The salt was then treated with acetic acid to yield potassium acetate and commercially valuable terephthalic acid.[3]

While uneconomical compared to the production of terephthalic acid from p-xylene, the Henkel method has been proposed as a potential route to produce terephthalic acid from furfural. As existing Bio-PET is still reliant on petroleum as a source of p-xylene, the Henkel process could theoretically offer a completely bioplastic route to polyethylene terephthalate.[4]

## Crystal structure

The iodide anions in CdI2 form a hexagonal close-packed lattice, while the cadmium cations occupy all of the octahedral holes in alternating layers.

In cadmium iodide the iodide anions form a hexagonal closely packed arrangement while the cadmium cations fill all of the octahedral sites in alternate layers. The resultant structure consists of a layered lattice. This same basic structure is found in many other salts and minerals. Cadmium iodide is mostly ionically bonded but with partial covalent character.[5]

Cadmium iodide's crystal structure is the prototype on which the crystal structures of many other compounds can be considered to be based. Compounds with any of the following characteristics tend to adopt the CdI2 structure:[citation needed]

* Iodides of moderately polarising cations; bromides and chlorides of strongly polarising cations
* Hydroxides of dications, i.e. compounds with the general formula M(OH)2
* Sulfides, selenides and tellurides (chalcogenides) of tetracations, i.e. compounds with the general formula MX2, where X = S, Se, Te

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0087". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0087.html.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 F. Wagenknecht; R. Juza (1963). "Cadmium iodide". in G. Brauer. Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed.. 2. NY, NY: Academic Press. pp. 1096.
3. ↑ Solomon, I.; Eisenberg, W. (1976). ﻿Utilization of coal conversion process by-products. Quarterly report, December 27, 1975--March 27, 1976﻿ (Report). doi:10.2172/7186862.
4. ↑ Tachibana, Yuya; Kimura, Saori; Kasuya, Ken-Ichi (2015). "Synthesis and Verification of Biobased Terephthalic Acid from Furfural". Scientific Reports 5: 8249. doi:10.1038/srep08249. PMID 25648201. Bibcode: 2015NatSR...5E8249T.
5. ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 1211–1212. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.

* v
* t
* e

Cadmium compounds

Cadmium(I)|

* Cd2(AlCl4)2

Cadmium(II)|

* Cd(BF4)2
* CdF2
* CdCl2
* CdBr2
* CdI2
* Cd(CN)2
* CdH2
* CdO
* CdS
* CdSe
* CdTe
* Cd(OH)2
* Cd(NO3)2
* CdSO4
* CdWO4
* Cd3As2
* CsCdCl3
* CsCdBr3

HI |  |  |  | He

|
|
|
|

LiI | BeI2 | BI3 | CI4 | NI3 | I2O4,
I2O5,
I4O9 | IF,
IF3,
IF5,
IF7 | Ne
NaI | MgI2 | AlI3 | SiI4 | PI3,
P2I4 | S  | ICl,
ICl3 | Ar
KI | CaI2 | Sc  | TiI4 | VI3 | CrI3 | MnI2 | FeI2 | CoI2 | NiI2 | CuI | ZnI2 | Ga2I6 | GeI2,
GeI4 | AsI3 | Se  | IBr | Kr
RbI | SrI2 | YI3 | ZrI4 | NbI5 | Mo  | Tc  | Ru  | Rh  | Pd  | AgI | CdI2 | InI3 | SnI4,
SnI2 | SbI3 | TeI4 | I  | Xe
CsI | BaI2 |  | HfI4 | TaI5 | W  | Re  | Os  | Ir  | Pt  | AuI | Hg2I2,
HgI2 | TlI | PbI2 | BiI3 | Po  | AtI | Rn
Fr  | RaI2 |  | Rf  | Db  | Sg  | Bh  | Hs  | Mt  | Ds  | Rg  | Cn  | Nh  | Fl  | Mc  | Lv  | Ts  | Og
| ↓  |  |
La  | Ce  | Pr  | Nd  | Pm  | SmI2 | Eu  | Gd  | TbI3 | Dy  | Ho  | Er  | Tm  | Yb  | Lu
Ac  | ThI4 | Pa  | UI3,
UI4 | Np  | Pu  | Am  | Cm  | Bk  | Cf  | EsI3 | Fm  | Md  | No  | Lr

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*[CID]: Compound ID
*[H301]: Toxic if swallowed
*[H331]: Toxic if inhaled
*[H351]: Suspected of causing cancer
*[H373]: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
*[H410]: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
*[P260]: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray
*[P280]: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection
*[P301+330+331]: IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting
*[P310]: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician
*[P304+340]: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing
*[P311]: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician
*[P403+233]: Store in a well ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed
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