Bernard Bailyn

Bernard Bailyn (born 1922, Hartford, Connecticut) is an American historian, author, and professor specializing in U.S. Colonial and Revolutionary-era history, looking at merchants, demographic trends, Loyalists, international links across the Atlantic, and especially the political ideas that motivated the Patriots. he is best known for promoting studies of republicanism and Atlantic History. He has been a professor at Harvard University since 1953, and has won the Pulitzer Prize for History in 1968 and 1987. He was elected president of the American Historical Association, serving in 1981.

## Contents

* 1 Education
* 2 Major themes and new ideas
* 3 PhD students
* 4 Bibliography
* 5 Major books and articles by Bailyn
* 6 External links
* 6.1 Notes

## Education[edit]

In 1953 Bernard Bailyn earned his Ph.D from Harvard University, and has been associated with the University ever since. As a graduate student at Harvard, Bailyn studied under Perry Miller, Samuel Eliot Morison, and Oscar Handlin. He became a full professor in 1961, and professor emeritus in 1993. He is currently Adams University Professor Emeritus at Harvard, and director of the International Seminar on the History of the Atlantic World, 1500-1800,

He edited Pamphlets of the American Revolution, the first volume of which, published in 1965, was awarded the Faculty Prize of the Harvard University Press for that year, and editor of The Apologia of Robert Keayne (1965) and the two-volume Debate on the Constitution (1993).

He co-authored The Great Republic (1977), an American history textbook; and was co-editor of The Intellectual Migration, Europe and America, 1930-1960 (1969), Law in American History (1972), The Press and the American Revolution (1980), and Strangers within the Realm: Cultural Margins of the First British Empire (1991; see [1]).

## Major themes and new ideas[edit]

He is known for meticulous research and for interpretations that sometimes challenge the conventional wisdom, especially those dealing with the causes and effects of the American Revolution. In his most influential work, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution, Bailyn exhibits through a thorough analysis of pre-Revolutionary political pamphlets that the colonists believed that the British were intending on establishing a tyrannical state in the colonies that would abridge the historical rights of the colonists. He challenged the old "Progressive" view that the rhetoric was of little importance compared to social and economic conflicts. He argued instead that the Revolutionary rhetoric of liberty and freedom was not simply propagandistic but rather central to their understanding of their situation.

Bailyn argued that republicanism was at the core of the values Americans fought for.[1] He located the intellectual sources of the American Revolution within a broader British political framework, explaining how English country Whig ideas about civic virtue, corruption, ancient rights of Englishmen, and fear of tyranny were, in the colonies, transformed into the ideology of republicanism. The American Revolution was caused by a conflict of ideas and political values, not social or economic conflicts.

In recent years Bailyn has promoted social and demographic studies, and especially the demographic flows of population int o colonial America. He is a leading advocate of the emerging topic of the history of the Atlantic world. Since 1995, Bailyn has organized an annual international seminar at Harvard designed to promote scholarship in this field ([2]).

## PhD students[edit]

Former Harvard students of Bailyn's include Pulitzer Prize winners Michael Kammen, Jack N. Rakove and Gordon S. Wood. Other notable Bailyn students include Gary B. Nash (The Urban Crucible), Michael Zuckerman (Peaceable Kingdoms), Mary Beth Norton (Liberty's Daughters: The Revolutionary Experience of American Women, 1750-1800), Pauline Maier (American Scripture), James Henretta (Families and farms: Mentalite in Pre-Industrial America), prolific legal historian Peter Charles Hoffer (Law and People in Colonial America), and Bancroft Prize winners Robert Gross, Edward Countryman, and Richard L. Bushman. Each of these historians has gone on to train new generation of colonial and Revolutionary specialists in leading graduate departments.

## Bibliography[edit]

* Jack N. Rakove, "Bernard Bailyn" in Robert Allen Rutland, ed. "Clio's Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945-2000" U of Missouri Press. (2000) pp 5–22

## Major books and articles by Bailyn[edit]

* "The Apologia of Robert Keayne," The William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd Ser., Vol. 7, No. 4 (Oct., 1950), pp. 568–587 online version
* The New England Merchants in the Seventeenth Century. Harvard University Press, 1955.
* Massachusetts shipping, 1697-1714; a statistical study, Harvard University Press, 1959.
* Education in the forming of American society; needs and opportunities for study Published for the Institute of Early American History and Culture by the University of North Carolina Press 1960
* Pamphlets of the American Revolution, 1750-1776, edited by Bernard Bailyn, Harvard University Press, 1965
* The origins of American politics. Knopf, 1968.
* The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution (1967), Pulitzer Prize and Bancroft Prize
* The Ordeal of Thomas Hutchinson. Harvard University Press, 1974; National Book Award
* The Great Republic: a history of the American people Little, Brown, 1977; coauthored college textbook; several editions
* "The Challenge of Modern Historiography," The American Historical Review, Vol. 87, No. 1 (Feb., 1982), pp. 1–24, AHA presidential address online at JSTOR
* The peopling of British North America: an introduction Knopf, 1986.
* Voyagers to the West: a passage in the peopling of America on the eve of the Revolution Knopf 1986, Pulitzer Prize in History, the Saloutos Award of the Immigration History Society,
* Faces of revolution: personalities and themes in the struggle for American independence Knopf 1990.
* Bailyn, Bernard, ed. The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters During the Struggle for Ratification. Part One: September 1787 to February 1788 (The Library of America, 1993) ISBN 0-940450-42-9
* Bailyn, Bernard, ed. The Debate on the Constitution: Federalist and Antifederalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters During the Struggle for Ratification. Part Two: January to August 1788 (The Library of America, 1993) ISBN 0-940450-64-X
* On the Teaching and Writing of History (1994)
* "To Begin the World Anew"-Politics and the Creative Imagination Jefferson lecture (1998)
* To begin the world anew: the genius and ambiguities of the American founders Knopf 2003
* Atlantic History: Concept and Contours (2005). online excerpts

## External links[edit]

* International Seminar on the History of the Atlantic World, 1500-1825
* About Bernard Bailyn Harvard biography page.
* "To Begin the World Anew"-Politics and the Creative Imagination Jefferson lecture to the National Endowment for the Humanities
* Bernard Bailyn: An Appreciation by Jack Rakove
* Bibliography
* Considering the Slave Trade: History and Memory
* History News Network

#### Notes[edit]

1. ↑ He did not at first use the term "republicanism," which historians adopted following the influential 1972 synthesis of scholarship by Robert E. Shalhope, "Toward a Republican Synthesis: The Emergence of an Understanding of Republicanism in American Historiography," William and Mary Quarterly, 29 (Jan. 1972), 49-80 in JSTOR .