Mars 2MV-4 No.1

2MV-4 No.1

Mission type| Mars flyby
Operator| Soviet Union
COSPAR ID| 1962-057A
SATCAT no.| 443
Mission duration| 5 days
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type| 2MV-4
Manufacturer| OKB-1
Launch mass| 893.5 kilograms (1,970 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date| 24 October 1962, 17:55:05 (1962-10-24UTC17:55:05Z) UTC
Rocket| Molniya 8K78 s/n T103-15
Launch site| Baikonur 1/5
End of mission
Decay date| 29 October 1962 – 26 February 1963 (1963-02-27)
Orbital parameters
Reference system| Geocentric
Regime| Low Earth (achieved)
Heliocentric (intended)

Mars program

<- Mars 1960B

Mars 1 ->

Mars 2MV-4 No.1[1][2] also known as Sputnik 22 in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the Mars programme, and was intended to make a flyby of Mars,[3] and transmit images of the planet back to Earth.[4] Due to a problem with the rocket which launched it, it was destroyed in low Earth orbit.[5] It was the first of two Mars 2MV-4 spacecraft to be launched, the other being the Mars 1 spacecraft which was launched eight days later.[2]

## Contents

* 1 Launch
* 2 Designations
* 3 Scientific Instruments
* 4 See also
* 5 References

## Launch

With the Cuban Missile Crisis unfolding, the USSR spacecraft Mars 2MV-4 No.1 was launched at 17:55:04 UTC on 24 October 1962, atop a Molniya 8K78 carrier rocket flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.[1] The lower stages of the rocket performed nominally, placing the payload and the Blok L upper stage into low Earth orbit. When the Blok L ignited following a coast phase, lubricant leaked out of the turbopump, which consequently seized up and disintegrated. This caused the main engine to explode,[6] destroying the upper stage and spacecraft.[2] Twenty two pieces of debris from the spacecraft and upper stage were catalogued, which decayed between 29 October 1962 and 26 February 1963.[7]

## Designations

The designations Sputnik 29, and later Sputnik 22, were used by the United States Naval Space Command to identify the spacecraft in its Satellite Situation Summary documents, since the Soviet Union did not release the internal designations of its spacecraft at that time, and had not assigned it an official name due to its failure to depart geocentric orbit.[3][8] A United States Ballistic Missile Early Warning System station in Alaska detected the debris from the launch, and initially identified it as incoming nuclear warheads, since the launch had occurred during the Cuban Missile Crisis.[9]

## Scientific Instruments

The spacecraft carried two instruments on board:[10]

* Imaging System
* Magnetometer

## See also

* List of missions to Mars
* List of Mars Landers
* List of artificial object on Mars
* List of Venus Missions

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Krebs, Gunter. "Mars 1 (2MV-4 #1, 2)". Gunter's Space Page. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/mars-2mv-4.htm.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Zak, Anatoly. "Russia's unmanned missions to Mars". RussianSpaecWeb. http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spacecraft_planetary_mars.html.
4. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Mars 2MV-4". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/craft/mars2mv4.htm.
5. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Mars". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/project/mars.htm.
6. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Soyuz". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/soyuz.htm.
7. ↑ McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt.
8. ↑ "Sputnik 22". NASA NSSDC. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-057A.
9. ↑ Mihos, Chris (11 January 2006). "Soviet Craft – Mars". Case Western Reserve University. http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/stu/advanced/20th_soviet_mars.html.
10. ↑ "Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958–2000". https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/298/deep-space-chronicle-a-chronology-of-deep-space-and-planetary-probes-1958-2000.

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Spacecraft missions to Mars

Active missions|

| Orbiters|

* 2001 Mars Odyssey
* Mars Express (MEX)
* Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
* Mangalyaan (MOM)
* MAVEN
* ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO)

|

Landers|

* InSight

Rovers|

* Curiosity
* timeline

Past missions|

| Flybys|

* Mars 1†
* Mariner 4
* Zond 2†
* Mariner 6 and 7
* Mars 6
* Mars 7
* Rosetta
* Dawn
* Mars Cube One (MarCO)

|

Orbiters|

* Mars 2
* Mars 3
* Mariner 9
* Mars 4†
* Mars 5
* Viking program
* Viking 1
* Viking 2
* Phobos program
* Phobos 1†
* Phobos 2†
* Mars Observer†
* Mars Global Surveyor (MGS)
* Nozomi†
* Mars Climate Orbiter†

Landers|

* Mars 2†
* Mars 3†
* Mars 6†
* Mars 7†
* Viking 1
* Viking 2
* Mars Pathfinder
* Mars Polar Lander† / Deep Space 2†
* Beagle 2†
* Phoenix
* ExoMars Schiaparelli†

Rovers|

* Prop-M†
* Sojourner
* Spirit
* observations
* Opportunity
* timeline
* observations

Mars-crossing objects|

* Zond 3
* Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster

Failed launches|

* Mars 1M No.1
* 1M No.2
* 2MV-4 No.1
* 2MV-3 No.1
* Mariner 3
* Mars 2M No.521
* 2M No.522
* Mariner 8
* Mars 3MS No.170
* Mars 96
* Fobos-Grunt / Yinghuo-1

Future missions|

| Planned|

* Hope Mars Mission (2020)
* ExoMars (2020)
* Rosalind Franklin rover
* Kazachok lander
* Mars 2020 (2020)
* Mars Helicopter Scout
* HX-1 (2020)
* Mars Orbiter Mission 2 (2022 or 2023)
* Psyche (2022, flyby in 2023)
* Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) (2022, flyby in 2025)
* Tera-hertz Explorer (TEREX) (2022 lander, 2024 orbiter)
* SatRevolution (2022)
* Martian Moons Exploration (MMX) (2024)

|

Proposed|

* Biological Oxidant and Life Detection (BOLD)
* SpaceX base
* DePhine
* Icebreaker Life
* Mars Geyser Hopper
* Mars-Grunt
* Mars Micro Orbiter‎
* MELOS rover
* MetNet
* Next Mars Orbiter (NeMO)
* PADME
* Phootprint
* Sky-Sailor

Cancelled proposals|

* Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey (ARES)
* Astrobiology Field Laboratory
* Beagle 3
* Mars 4NM & 5NM
* Mars 5M (Mars-79)
* Mars-Aster
* Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C)
* Mars One
* Mars Surveyor Lander
* Mars Telecommunications Orbiter
* NetLander
* Northern Light
* Red Dragon
* Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM)
* Vesta
* Voyager Mars

Exploration of Mars|

| Concepts|

* Flyby
* Orbiter
* Landing
* Rover
* Sample return
* Human mission
* Permanent settlement
* Colonization
* Terraforming

|

Strategies|

* Mars Scout Program
* Mars Exploration Program
* Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
* Mars Next Generation

Advocacy|

* The Mars Project
* The Case for Mars
* Inspiration Mars
* Mars Institute
* Mars Society
* Mars race

Lists|

* List of missions to Mars
* List of Mars orbiters
* List of artificial objects on Mars

Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign † indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.

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Orbital launches in 1962

Discoverer 37 | SOLRAD 4 * LOFTI 2A * SECOR * Injun 2 * Surcal 1 | Ranger 3 | TIROS-4 | Mercury-Atlas 6 | FTV-2301 | Discoverer 38 | OSO-1 | Samos 6 | Kosmos 1 | Kosmos 2 | Midas 5 * Westford Drag | FTV-1142 | Ranger 4 | Kosmos 3 | Solrad 4B | Kosmos 4 | Ariel 1 | FTV-2401 | FTV-1125 | ANNA 1A | FTV-1126 | FTV-3501 | Mercury-Atlas 7 (Balloon Subsatellite 1) | FTV-3501 | Kosmos 5 | FTV-1128 | Zenit-2 No.3 | FTV-1127 * OSCAR 2 | FTV-2402 | FTV-2312 | TIROS-5 | FTV-1129 | FTV-1151 | Kosmos 6 | Telstar 1 | FTV-2403 | FTV-1130 | Mariner 1 | FTV-1131 | Kosmos 7 | FTV-1152 | FTV-2404 | Vostok 3 | Vostok 4 | Kosmos 8 | FTV-2502 | Venera 2MV-1 No.1 | Mariner 2 | FTV-1153 | Venera 2MV-1 No.2 | FTV-1132 | Venera 2MV-2 No.1 | FTV-1133 * ERS-2 | TIROS-6 | Kosmos 9 | Alouette 1 * TAVE | FTV-1154 | Explorer 14 | Mercury-Atlas 8 | FTV-1134 | Kosmos 10 | Ranger 5 | Kosmos 11 | Mars 2MV-4 No.1 | 1MS No.2 | STARAD | Explorer 15 | ANNA 1B | Mars 1 | Mars 2MV-3 No.1 | FTV-1136 | FTV-2405 * ERS-1 | FTV-1135 | FTV-1155 | NRL PL120 * Injun 3 * NRL PL121 * Surcal 2 * Calsphere 1 | Relay 1 | FTV-1136 | Explorer 16 | Midas 6 * ERS-3 * ERS-4 | Transit 5A-1 | Kosmos 12

Payloads are separated by bullets ( * ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in brackets.

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Past|

* Mars 1M (1M No.1 | 1M No.2)
* 2MV-4 No.1
* Mars 1
* 2MV-3 No.1
* 2M No.521
* 2M No.522
* Kosmos 419
* Mars 2
* Mars 3
* Mars 4
* Mars 5
* Mars 6
* Mars 7

Cancelled|

* Mars 4NM
* Mars 5NM
* Mars 5M

Italics indicate failures at launch.

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