Niobium phosphide

Niobium phosphide  Names

Other names

Phosphanylidyneniobium

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 12034-66-1

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

ChemSpider |

* 74753

EC Number |

* 234-810-2

PubChem CID

* 82840

InChI

* InChI=1S/Nb.P

Key: OATFOCVSPXTLNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

SMILES

* P#[Nb]

Properties

Chemical formula

| NbP
Molar mass | 123.88
Appearance  | Dark-gray crystals
Density | 6,48 g/cm3

Solubility in water

| Insoluble
Structure

Crystal structure

| Tetragonal

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Infobox references

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Niobium phosphide is an inorganic compound of niobium and phosphorus with the chemical formula NbP.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Synthesis
* 2 Structure
* 3 Electrical Properties
* 4 Uses
* 5 References

## Synthesis

Sintering powdered niobium and phosphorus:

4 Nb + P
4 → 4 NbP

## Structure

Niobium phosphide forms dark gray crystals of the non-centrosymmetric, tetragonal system, space group I4₁md (No. 109), with cell parameters a = 0.3334 nm, c = 1.1378 nm, Z = 4.[2][3], the same structure type as other transition-metal monopnictide Weyl semimetals such as TaAs and NbAs. The unit cell contains four formula units, and each niobium atom is coordinated by six phosphorus atoms and vice versa, forming a three-dimensional network of distorted polyhedra [4].

File:NbP 001.png(100) orientation of NbP (left). Polyhedra coordination in NbP (right).

## Electrical Properties

Niobium phosphide is classified as a Weyl semimetal[5][6], characterized by linearly dispersing electronic bands near the Fermi level that intersect at discrete points known as Weyl nodes. These nodes arise as a direct consequence of the material’s non-centrosymmetric crystal structure and strong spin–orbit coupling[4]. Experimental studies using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) have confirmed the existence of topologically protected surface states, known as Fermi arcs, which connect the projections of Weyl nodes with opposite chirality[7]. The electronic structure gives rise to unusual transport behavior, including extremely large magnetoresistance and high carrier mobility, reflecting the small, compensated electron and hole pockets near the Weyl points and the topological nature of the band structure[8].

## Uses

It does not dissolve in water.

The compound is a semiconductor used in high power, high frequency applications and in laser diodes.[1]

Niobium phosphate is also being explored specifically for replacing copper as an ultra-thin nanometer film, where it exhibits much lower resistance than the conventional metal.[9]

NbP may be suitable for use in new electronic components.[10]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Niobium Phosphide" (in en). American Elements. https://www.americanelements.com/niobium-phosphide-12034-66-1.
2. ↑ Lomnits'ka, Ya. F.; Shupars'ka, A. I. (1 July 2006). "Reactions of niobium and tungsten with phosphorus" (in en). Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics 45 (7–8): 361–364. doi:10.1007/s11106-006-0090-1. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11106-006-0090-1. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
3. ↑ Sapkota, Deepak; Mukherjee, Rupam; Mandrus, David (2016-12-06). "Single Crystal Growth, Resistivity, and Electronic Structure of the Weyl Semimetals NbP and TaP" (in en). Crystals 6 (12): 160. doi:10.3390/cryst6120160. ISSN 2073-4352. Bibcode: 2016Cryst...6..160S.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Shekhar, Chandra; Nayak, Ajaya K.; Sun, Yan; Schmidt, Marcus; Nicklas, Michael; Leermakers, Inge; Zeitler, Uli; Skourski, Yurii et al. (2015). "Extremely large magnetoresistance and ultrahigh mobility in the topological Weyl semimetal NbP". Nature Physics 11 (8): 645–649. doi:10.1038/nphys3372.
5. ↑ Xu, Di-Fei; Du, Yong-Ping; Wang, Zhen; Li, Yu-Peng; Niu, Xiao-Hai; Yao, Qi; Pavel, Dudin; Xu, Zhu-An et al. (18 September 2015). "Observation of Fermi Arcs in Non-Centrosymmetric Weyl Semi-Metal Candidate NbP" (in en). Chinese Physics Letters 32 (10). doi:10.1088/0256-307x/32/10/107101. Bibcode: 2015ChPhL..32j7101X. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0256-307X/32/10/107101. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
6. ↑ Fu, Yan-Long; Sang, Hai-Bo; Cheng, Wei; Zhang, Feng-Shou (1 September 2020). "Topological properties after light ion irradiation on Weyl semimetal niobium phosphide from first principles" (in en). Materials Today Communications 24. doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.100939. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352492819312772. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
7. ↑ Khan, Asir Intisar; Ramdas, Akash; Lindgren, Emily; Kim, Hyun-Mi; Won, Byoungjun; Wu, Xiangjin; Saraswat, Krishna; Chen, Ching-Tzu et al. (2025). "Surface conduction and reduced electrical resistivity in ultrathin noncrystalline NbP semimetal". Science 387: 62–67. doi:10.1126/science.adq7096.
8. ↑ Mariani, G. et al. (2025). "Orientation dependent resistivity scaling in mesoscopic NbP crystals". Communications Materials 6: 106. doi:10.1038/s43246-025-00828-w.
9. ↑ Zhai, Enzi; Liang, Tianyu; Liu, Ruizi; Cai, Mingyang; Li, Ran; Shao, Qiming; Su, Cong; Lin, Yuxuan Cosmi (August 2024). "The rise of semi-metal electronics" (in en). Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering 1 (8): 497–515. doi:10.1038/s44287-024-00068-z. ISSN 2948-1201. https://www.nature.com/articles/s44287-024-00068-z.
10. ↑ Chen, Yulin (July 13, 2015). "Niobium Phosphide (NbP) Holds Promise for New Magnetoresistance Components". https://www.powerelectronics.com/technologies/passive-components/article/21862723/niobium-phosphide-nbp-holds-promise-for-new-magnetoresistance-components.

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* e

Niobium compounds

Niobium(II)|

* NbS
* NbO
* NbB2

Niobium(III)|

* NbN
* Nb2S3
* NbBr3
* NbF3

Niobium(IV)|

* NbCl4
* NbC
* NbF4
* NbS2
* NbSe2
* NbO2

Niobium(V)|

* NbBr5
* NbCl5
* NbF5
* NbI5
* NbOCl3
* Nb2O5
* LiNbO3
* KNbO3

| Organoniobium(V)|

* (C5H5)2NbCl2
* Nb2(OC2H5)10

|

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Phosphorus compounds

* PBr3
* PBr5
* PCl3
* PCl5
* PF3
* PF5
* PI3
* InP
* PH3
* PN
* P3N5
* P2O3
* P2O4
* P2O5
* P4S3
* P4S10
* AlP
* Ca3P2
* Zn3P2
* CuP2
* HfP
* FeP
* Fe3P
* BP
* YP

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Phosphides

| PH3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | He

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Li3P | Be |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | BP | CP | N | O | F | Ne
Na3P | Mg |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | AlP | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar
K3P | Ca3P2
CaP | ScP | TiP | V | CrP
Cr3P | Mn | Fe2P | CoP
Co2P
Co3P2 | NixPy | Cu3P | Zn3P2 | GaP | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr
Rb | Sr | YP | ZrP
ZrP2 | Nb | MoP
MoP2 | Tc | Ru2P | Rh | Pd | Ag3P | Cd | InP
GaInP2 | Sn | SbP | Te | I | Xe
Cs3P | Ba | *  | Hf | Ta | W | Re | OsP2 | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | PbP7 | BiP | Po | At | Rn
Fr | Ra | **  | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Nh | Fl | Mc | Lv | Ts | Og
|  | ↓ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| * | LaP | CeP | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | EuP | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu |
| ** | AcP | Th | Pa | UP | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr |

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