AIDS-related lymphoma

a-c) Burkitt lymphoma d) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Specialty| Hematology and oncology

AIDS-related lymphoma describes lymphomas occurring in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).[1][2]

A lymphoma is a type of cancer arising from lymphoid cells. In AIDS, the incidences of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, primary cerebral lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease are all increased. There are three different varieties of AIDS-related lymphoma: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, B-cell immunoblastic lymphoma, and Burkitt's lymphoma (small non-cleaved cell lymphoma).[3]

The symptoms of AIDS-related lymphoma can include: weight loss, fever, and night sweats.[3]

## Contents

* 1 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
* 2 Primary cerebral lymphoma
* 3 Hodgkin's disease
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma[edit | edit source]

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is present in about 1%–3% of HIV seropositive people at the time of the initial diagnosis of HIV. However, it is believed that such patients have been seropositive for a prolonged period, but have simply not had their infections recognized previously.[4] This is so because immunodysregulation must exist for an extended interval of time, in order for a lymphoproliferative process to evolve in that context.[4][5]

## Primary cerebral lymphoma[edit | edit source]

Primary cerebral lymphoma (or primary central nervous system lymphoma) is a form of NHL. It is very rare in immunocompetent people, with an incidence of 5–30 cases per million person-years. However the incidence in immunocompromised individuals is greatly increased, up to 100 per million person-years.[citation needed]

Primary cerebral lymphoma is strongly associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV).[6] The presence of EBV DNA in cerebrospinal fluid is highly suggestive of primary cerebral lymphoma.[citation needed]

Treatment of AIDS patients with antiretroviral drugs reduces the incidence of primary cerebral lymphoma.[citation needed]

## Hodgkin's disease[edit | edit source]

The incidence of Hodgkin's disease in the general population is about 10–30 per million person-years. This increases to 170 per million person-years in HIV positive patients.[citation needed]

## References[edit | edit source]

1. ↑ Besson C, Goubar A, Gabarre J, et al. (October 2001). "Changes in AIDS-related lymphoma since the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy". Blood. 98 (8): 2339–44. doi:10.1182/blood.V98.8.2339. PMID 11588028.
2. ↑ Rigolet A, Bossi P, Caumes E, et al. (September 2001). "Caractéristiques épidémiologiques et évolution de l'incidence des lymphomes cérébraux primitifs observés chez 80 patients infectés par le VIH entre 1983 et 1999" [Epidemiological features and incidence trends of primary cerebral lymphomas observed in 80 HIV-infected patients from 1983 to 1999]. Pathologie-biologie (in français). 49 (7): 572–5. doi:10.1016/S0369-8114(01)00206-1. PMID 11642021.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "AIDS-Related Lymphoma Treatment (PDQ®) - National Cancer Institute". Cancer.gov. 2012-05-18. Archived from the original on 2015-04-08. Retrieved 2012-05-30.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Huy Tran; Jamie Nourse; Sara Hall; Michael Green; Lyn Griffiths & Maher K. Gandhi (2008). "Immunodeficiency-associated lymphomas". Blood Reviews. 22 (5): 261–281. doi:10.1016/j.blre.2008.03.009. PMID 18456377.
5. ↑ Andrew E. Grulich; Xinan Wan; Matthew G. Law; Sam T. Milliken; Craig R. Lewis; Roger J. Garsia; Julian Gold; Robert J. Finlayson; David A. Cooper & John M. Kaldor (2000). "B-cell stimulation and prolonged immune deficiency are risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in people with AIDS". AIDS. 14 (2): 133–140. doi:10.1097/00002030-200001280-00008. PMID 10708283. S2CID 27802783.
6. ↑ "Primary lymphoma of the brain: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". Nlm.nih.gov. Archived from the original on 2016-07-05. Retrieved 2012-05-30.

## External links[edit | edit source]

Classification|

* MeSH: D016483

|

* Office of HIV and AIDS Malignancy in the National Cancer Institute Archived 2017-02-27 at the Wayback Machine
* Information on AIDS-related cancers from the National Cancer Institute

* v
* t
* e

Leukaemias, lymphomas and related disease

| B cell
(lymphoma,
leukemia)
(most CD19

* CD20)

| By
development/
marker|

| TdT+|

* ALL (Precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma)

|

CD5+|

* naive B cell (CLL/SLL)
* mantle zone (Mantle cell)

CD22+|

* Prolymphocytic
* CD11c+ (Hairy cell leukemia)

CD79a+|

* germinal center/follicular B cell (Follicular
* Burkitt's
* GCB DLBCL
* Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma)

* marginal zone/marginal zone B-cell (Splenic marginal zone
* MALT
* Nodal marginal zone
* Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma)

RS (CD15+, CD30+)|

* Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (Nodular sclerosis)
* CD20+ (Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma)

PCDs/PP
(CD38+/CD138+)|

* see immunoproliferative immunoglobulin disorders

By infection|

* KSHV (Primary effusion)
* EBV
* Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
* Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
* Classic Hodgkin lymphoma
* Burkitt's lymphoma
* HCV
* Splenic marginal zone lymphoma
* HIV (AIDS-related lymphoma)
* Helicobacter pylori (MALT lymphoma)

Cutaneous|

* Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
* Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
* Primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
* Primary cutaneous immunocytoma
* Plasmacytoma
* Plasmacytosis
* Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma

T/NK|

| T cell
(lymphoma,
leukemia)
(most CD3

* CD4
* CD8)

| By
development/
marker|

* TdT+: ALL (Precursor T acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma)

* prolymphocyte (Prolymphocytic)

* CD30+ (Anaplastic large-cell lymphoma
* Lymphomatoid papulosis type A)

|

Cutaneous|

| MF+variants|

* indolent: Mycosis fungoides
* Pagetoid reticulosis
* Granulomatous slack skin

aggressive: Sézary disease

* Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

|

Non-MF|

* CD30-: Non-mycosis fungoides CD30− cutaneous large T-cell lymphoma
* Pleomorphic T-cell lymphoma
* Lymphomatoid papulosis type B

* CD30+: CD30+ cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
* Secondary cutaneous CD30+ large-cell lymphoma
* Lymphomatoid papulosis type A

Other
peripheral|

* Hepatosplenic
* Angioimmunoblastic
* Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma
* Peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (Lennert lymphoma)
* Subcutaneous T-cell lymphoma

By infection|

* HTLV-1 (Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma)

NK cell/
(most CD56)|

* Aggressive NK-cell leukemia
* Blastic NK cell lymphoma

T or NK|

* EBV (Extranodal NK-T-cell lymphoma/Angiocentric lymphoma)
* Large granular lymphocytic leukemia

Lymphoid+
myeloid|

* Acute biphenotypic leukaemia

Lymphocytosis|

* Lymphoproliferative disorders (X-linked lymphoproliferative disease
* Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome)
* Leukemoid reaction
* Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome

Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia|

* Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia
* with bandlike and perivascular patterns
* with nodular pattern
* Jessner lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin

General|

* Hematological malignancy
* leukemia
* Lymphoproliferative disorders
* Lymphoid leukemias

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