Orbiting body

In astrodynamics, an orbiting body is any physical body that orbits a more massive one, called the primary body. The orbiting body is properly referred to as the secondary body (m2),[1] which is less massive than the primary body (m1).

Thus, m2<m1 or m1>m2.

Under standard assumptions in astrodynamics, the barycenter of the two bodies is a focus of both orbits.

An orbiting body may be a spacecraft (i.e. an artificial satellite) or a natural satellite, such as a planet, dwarf planet, moon, moonlet, asteroid, or comet.

A system of two orbiting bodies is modeled by the Two-Body Problem and a system of three orbiting bodies is modeled by the Three-Body Problem. These problems can be generalized to an N-body problem. While there are a few analytical solutions to the n-body problem, it can be reduced to a 2-body system if the secondary body stays out of other bodies' Sphere of Influence and remains in the primary body's sphere of influence.[2]

## See also

* Barycenter
* Double planet
* Primary
* Satellite
* Two-body problem
* Three-body problem
* N-body problem

## References

1. ↑ "Dictionary of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use". NASA. http://er.jsc.nasa.gov/SEH/s.html.
2. ↑ Curtis, Howard D. (2009). Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students, 2e. New York: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-374778-5.

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