Fritillaria japonica

Short description: Species of flowering plant

Fritillaria japonica

Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Plantae
Clade:  | Tracheophytes
Clade:  | Angiosperms
Clade:  | Monocots
Order:  | Liliales
Family:  | Liliaceae
Subfamily:  | Lilioideae
Tribe:  | Lilieae
Genus:  | Fritillaria
Species:  |

F. japonica

Binomial name
Fritillaria japonica

Miq.[1][2][3]

Fritillari japonica is a perennial herbaceous bulbous plant, endemic to Japan.[4][5] It is a species in the genus Fritillaria, in the family Liliaceae. It is placed in the subgenus Japonica.

## Contents

* 1 Description
* 2 Taxonomy
* 3 Distribution and habitat
* 4 Notes
* 5 References
* 6 Bibliography
* 7 External links

## Description

Fritillaria japonica is characterised by the presence of a distinctly divided style, having smooth tepal margins and nectaries and white anthers. The flower is campanulate.[5]

Bulb c. 1 cm, stem 6–12 cm in height. Leaves lanceolate, about 6 cm in length. The lower leaves are opposite, the upper in a whorl of three. Flowers single, broad, campanulate, white with brown marking, unscented. Tepals 1.5–2 cm in length, nectaries yellow and 5–8 mm long, from angle of bell to apex. Style trifid (three-lobed) ovidistal 2 mm. Fruit a capsule not winged, tapering, apex to base, pendant at maturity. Seeds pear-shaped.[6]

## Taxonomy

Fritillaria japonica was first described by Miquel in 1867, in his Prolusio Florae Japonicae.[1] He provides the following description (in Latin)[lower-alpha 1] — "Stem 5 thumb breadths, arising from a bulb of few scales and scarcely larger than a pea, with 4–5 leaves at its apex, lanceolate and tapering to a point at both ends; single nodding spreading-campanulate flower born on a pedicel; perigonium half a thumb breadth, pointed and recurved at the tip, the outside pale lilac and dotted, the inside dotted lemon yellow and blood red; anthers yellow and elliptical-oblong; stigma with three linear lobes." He ends with Ad iconem libri iaponici determinavi, alluding to the fact he had examined the illustration in Iinuma's Somoku-zusetsubook (1856).

When Baker (1874) divided Fritillaria into subgenera, he was unsure where to place F. japonica and listed it under Species dubiae.[7] From then on there was considerable confusion as to the exact nature of the species and its taxonomic placement.[8] It was not till 2001 that Rix placed all the endemic species of Japan into one subgenus, Japonica,[9] a decision subsequently validated by molecular phylogenetic analysis.[10] Long considered a variety of Fritillaria koidzumiana, it continues to be sold in horticulture as Fritillaria japonica koidzumiana.[11]

## Distribution and habitat

Central and southwest Honshu, Japan.[11] Found in peaty woodland soil.[6]

## Notes

1. ↑ Caulis 5-pollicaris e bulbo vix maiore basi pauci-squamoso nudus, ....

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Miquel 1867.
2. ↑ TPL 2013.
3. ↑ IPNI 2005.
4. ↑ WCSP 2017.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 AGS 2017.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 AGS 2011.
7. ↑ Baker 1874.
8. ↑ Hill 2011.
9. ↑ Rix 2001.
10. ↑ Rønsted et al. 2005.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 PBS 2015.

## Bibliography

* Baker, J. G. (1874). "Revision of the Genera and Species of Tulipeae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society XIV (76): F. sewerzowii p. 267. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1874.tb00314.x. https://zenodo.org/record/1432971.
* Hill, Laurence (2011). "A taxonomic history of Japanese endemic Fritillaria (Liliaceae)". Kew Bulletin 66 (2): 227–240. doi:10.1007/s12225-011-9285-9.
* Miquel, Friedrich Anton Wilhelm (1867). "Fritillaria japonica". Annales Musei botanici lugduno-batavi. 3 (5): 158. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/2545#page/175/mode/1up.
* Rix, Martyn (2001). Fritillaria: A Revised Classification: Together with an Updated List of Species. Fritillaria Group of the Alpine Garden Society. https://books.google.com/books?id=OEYWHQAACAAJ&pg=PA524.
* Rønsted, N.; Law, S.; Thornton, H.; Fay, M. F.; Chase, M. W. (2005). "Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the monophyly of Fritillaria and Lilium (Liliaceae; Liliales) and the infrageneric classification of Fritillaria". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35 (3): 509–527. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.12.023. PMID 15878122.
* TPL (2013). "The Plant List 1.1: Fritillaria japonica Miq.". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden. http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-306681.
* WCSP. "Fritillaria japonica Miq.". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://wcsp.science.kew.org/namedetail.do?name_id=306681.
* IPNI (2005). "Fritillaria japonica Miq.". http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=535172-1.
* Roskov Y.; Kunze T.; Orrell T. et al., eds (2014). "Fritillaria japonica Miq.". Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands: ITIS, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2014/details/species/id/9767900/source/tree.
* "Fritillaria japonica Miq.". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://e-monocot.org/taxon/urn:kew.org:wcs:taxon:306681.
* "Fritillaria japonica". Fritillaria Group, Alpine Garden Society. http://www.fritillaria.org.uk/fritillaria-species-g
l.html.
* AGS (2011). "Fritillaria japonica". Alpine Garden Society. http://encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net/plants/Fritillaria/japonica.
* PBS (25 July 2015). "Fritillaria japonica". Pacific Bulb Society. http://pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/AsianFritillariaTwo.

## External links

Wikidata ☰ Q15540434 entry

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