Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom

Short description: UK free trade agreements

File:United Kingdom active FTAs.svg Free trade areas of the United Kingdom (as of 15 July 2026)

United Kingdom

Active free trade areas

Signed free trade agreements

Following its withdrawal from the European Union on 31 January 2020, the United Kingdom began negotiations on several free trade agreements to remove or reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade, both to establish new agreements and to replace previous EU trade agreements. Withdrawal ended 47 years of membership during which all its trading agreements were negotiated by the European Commission on behalf of the bloc. The UK did not actually withdraw from the European Single Market and the European Union Customs Union (and its trade agreements) until 31 December 2020.

These treaties are divided into two types of free trade agreements: continuity agreements and 'new' agreements. Continuity agreements, also named rollover agreements, make use of a mutatis mutandis concept in order to quickly replicate the existing EU agreements, only having to call out those minor areas of differentiation. Most continuity treaties were provisionally applied, or through a "bridging mechanism", thus continuity was achieved.[1] Trade agreements negotiated after Brexit are termed 'new', or enhanced agreements: these agreements have been negotiated from scratch or have been renegotiated to expand the deal since Brexit.[2]

As of July 2026[update], the United Kingdom has 40 active free trade agreements with nations and trade blocs, covering 103 countries and territories.[3][1][4] Six of these are 'new' trade agreements, such as with Australia, India, and New Zealand.[5] The UK is also a member of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership.

## Contents

* 1 Competence and ratification
* 1.1 Ratification
* 2 Active agreements
* 2.1 Independent Agreements
* 2.2 Trade bloc membership
* 3 Negotiations
* 3.1 Active negotiations
* 3.2 Previous negotiations
* 3.3 Preliminary discussions
* 3.4 Trade bloc applicants
* 3.5 EPA enlargement
* 4 Obsolete agreements
* 4.1 Former Independent Agreements
* 4.2 Former trade bloc memberships
* 4.3 European Union agreements
* 5 Largest trading partners
* 6 See also
* 7 Notes
* 8 References

## Competence and ratification

According to UK law the United Kingdom Parliament has the power to pass law in all policy areas.[6]

The UK's negotiating team will consult with its Strategic Trade Advisory Group throughout the negotiations.[7]

### Ratification

The responsibility for concluding treaties involving the UK lies with the Secretary of State for Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Affairs. This remains the case even when the negotiation of the treaty is led by another government department.[8]

The Foreign & Commonwealth Office's legal advisers and Treaty Section:

* must be given the opportunity to comment on the drafts of all treaties under negotiation
* will advise on the form and substance of the treaty, though not substance which is technical and of which the other government department is the expert
* will advise on related matters such as the production of Full Powers and Instruments of Ratification
* will produce original signature copies of treaties and advise on the treaty signing ceremony
* will arrange for the treaty to be published and laid before Parliament
* is responsible for the registration of these treaties with the United Nations, allowing their subsequent publication in the United Nations Treaty Series
* will transfer of the treaties to the National Archives for preservation[8]

Unless expressly authorised to do so by the United Kingdom government, Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories do not have the authority to contract treaties in their own right. The UK must extend the territorial scope of its ratification of treaties to include them. This may be done either at the time of ratification, or at some later date.[8]

## Active agreements

The following free trade agreements are currently in effect. The following lists include three types of regional trade agreements as classified by the World Trade Organization, including: free trade agreements (FTA), economic integration agreements (EIA), and customs unions (CU). Signature and entry into force dates are as listed by the World Trade Organization.[3]

### Independent Agreements

The following bilateral and plurilateral free trade agreements are currently active independently from a trade bloc:

Nation(s)  | No. of
nations
represented  | Agreement[1] | Signed  | Effective  | Coverage  | Type  | WTO  | Mechanism[1] | Trade value
(2023)[1][9] | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Albania  | 1  | Albania–UK Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement  | 5 February 2021  | 3 May 2021  | Goods & Services  | Continuity  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £362m
Andean Countries
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru  | 3  | Andean Countries–UK Trade Agreement  | 15 May 2019  | 1 January 2021[lower-alpha 1] | Goods & Services  | Continuity  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £4,051m  | [11][12]
Australia  | 1  | Australia–UK Free Trade Agreement  | 16 December 2021  | 31 May 2023  | Goods & Services  | New  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £20,036m
Cameroon  | 1  | Cameroon–UK Economic Partnership Agreement | 28 December 2020  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | Continuity  | FTA  | Full ratification  | £1,029m  | [13][14]
Canada  | 1  | Canada–UK Trade Continuity Agreement  | 22 December 2020  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services[lower-alpha 2] | Continuity  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £26,287m
CARIFORUM
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Guyana
Jamaica
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago  | 14  | CARIFORUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement | 22 March 2019[lower-alpha 3] | 1 January 2021[lower-alpha 4] | Goods & Services  | Continuity  | FTA & EIA  | Provisional application  | £5,537m  | [18][19]
Central America
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama  | 6  | Central America–UK Association Agreement | 18 July 2019  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | Continuity  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £2,478m  | [20][21]
Chile  | 1  | Chile–UK Association Agreement  | 30 January 2019  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | Continuity  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £1,804m  | [22][23]
Eastern and Southern Africa
Madagascar
Mauritius
Seychelles
Zimbabwe  | 4  | Eastern and Southern Africa–UK Economic Partnership Agreement | 31 January 2019[lower-alpha 5] | 1 January 2021[lower-alpha 6] | Goods  | Continuity  | FTA  | Full ratification  | £2,027m[lower-alpha 7] | [25][26]
Egypt | 1  | Egypt–UK Association Agreement  | 5 December 2020  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | Continuity  | FTA  | Full ratification  | £4,659m
File:Flag of European Union.svg European Union

27 members

* Akrotiri and Dhekelia[lower-alpha 8]
* Andorra[lower-alpha 9]
* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Monaco[lower-alpha 10]
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* San Marino[lower-alpha 11]
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden

| 31[lower-alpha 12] | EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement  | 30 December 2020  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | New  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £805,000m
Faroe Islands | 1  | Faroe Islands–UK Free Trade Agreement  | 31 January 2019  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | Continuity  | FTA  | Full ratification  | £1,108m
Georgia | 1  | Georgia–UK Strategic Partnership and Cooperation Agreement  | 21 October 2019  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | Continuity  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £500m  | [27][28]
Ghana | 1  | Ghana–UK Interim Trade Partnership Agreement | 2 March 2021  | 5 March 2021  | Goods  | Continuity  | FTA  | Provisional application  | £1,188m  | [29][30]
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Norway | 3  | Iceland–Liechtenstein–Norway–UK Free Trade Agreement  | 8 July 2021  | 1 December 2021  | Goods & Services[lower-alpha 13] | New  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £41,537m[lower-alpha 14] | [31][32]
India | 1  | India–UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement  | 24 July 2025  | 15 July 2026  | Goods & Services  | New  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £38,978m
Israel | 1  | Israel–UK Trade and Partnership Agreement  | 18 February 2019  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | Continuity  | FTA  | Full ratification  | £6,137m  | [33][34]
File:Flag of Ivory Coast.svg Ivory Coast  | 1  | Ivory Coast–UK Stepping Stone Economic Partnership Agreement  | 15 October 2020  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | Continuity  | FTA  | Full ratification  | £841m  | [35][36]
Japan | 1  | Japan–UK Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement  | 23 October 2020  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | New  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £27,575m
Jordan  | 1  | Jordan–UK Association Agreement  | 5 November 2019  | 1 May 2021  | Goods  | Continuity  | FTA  | Full ratification  | £1,313m  | [37][38]
Kenya  | 1  | Kenya–UK Economic Partnership Agreement | 8 December 2020  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | Continuity  | FTA  | Full ratification  | £1,427m  | [39][40]
Kosovo  | 1  | Kosovo–UK Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement  | 3 December 2019  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | Continuity  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £12m  | [41][42]
Lebanon | 1  | Lebanon–UK Association Agreement  | 19 September 2019  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | Continuity  | FTA  | Full ratification  | £1,131m
Liechtenstein
Switzerland | 2  | Switzerland–Liechtenstein–UK Trade Agreement  | 11 February 2019  | 1 January 2021  | Goods[lower-alpha 15] | Continuity  | FTA  | Full ratification  | £50,817m[lower-alpha 16] | [44][45]
Mexico  | 1  | Mexico–UK Trade Continuity Agreement  | 15 December 2020  | 1 June 2021  | Goods & Services  | Continuity  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £6,599m  | [46][47]
Moldova  | 1  | Moldova–UK Strategic Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement  | 24 December 2020  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | Continuity  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £1,478m  | [48][49]
Morocco  | 1  | Morocco–UK Association Agreement  | 26 October 2019  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | Continuity  | FTA  | Provisional application  | £3,524m
New Zealand | 1  | New Zealand–UK Free Trade Agreement  | 28 February 2022  | 31 May 2023  | Goods & Services  | New  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £3,100m  | [50][51]
North Macedonia  | 1  | North Macedonia–UK Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement  | 3 December 2020  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | Continuity  | FTA & EIA  | Provisional application  | £2,507m  | [52][53]
Pacific States
Fiji
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands  | 4  | Pacific States–UK Economic Partnership Agreement  | 14 March 2019[lower-alpha 17] | 1 January 2021[lower-alpha 18] | Goods  | Continuity  | FTA  | Provisional application  | £390m  | [57][58]
Palestinian Authority  | 1  | Palestinian Authority–UK Political, Trade and Partnership Agreement  | 18 February 2019  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | Continuity  | FTA  | Full ratification  | £38m  | [59][60]
Serbia  | 1  | Serbia–UK Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement | 16 April 2021  | 20 May 2021  | Goods & Services  | Continuity  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £1,018m
Singapore | 1  | Singapore–UK Free Trade Agreement  | 10 December 2020  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | Continuity[lower-alpha 19] | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £22,327m  | [63][64]
South Korea | 1  | South Korea–UK Trade Agreement  | 22 August 2019  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | Continuity  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £16,331m  | [65][66]
Southern Africa Customs Union and Mozambique
Botswana
Eswatini
Lesotho
Mozambique
Namibia
South Africa  | 6  | SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement  | 9 October 2019[lower-alpha 20] | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | Continuity  | FTA  | Full ratification  | £11,420m  | [68][69]
Tunisia  | 1  | Tunisia–UK Association Agreement  | 4 October 2019  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | Continuity  | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £693m  | [70][71]
Turkey | 1  | Turkey–UK Trade Agreement  | 29 December 2020  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | Continuity  | FTA  | Provisional application  | £25,817m  | [72][73]
Ukraine  | 1  | Ukraine–UK Political, Free Trade and Strategic Partnership Agreement  | 8 October 2020  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | Continuity[lower-alpha 21] | FTA & EIA  | Full ratification  | £1,523m  | [76][77]
Vietnam  | 1  | UK–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement  | 29 December 2020  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | Continuity  | FTA & EIA  | Provisional application  | £5,859m  | [78][79]

### Trade bloc membership

CPTPP Signatories

United Kingdom

Crown Dependencies and Overseas Territories

The United Kingdom is currently a member of one trade bloc, which covers multilateral free trade with fellow members.

Trade bloc  | No. of nations
represented  | Signed  | Effective  | Coverage  | WTO  | Trade value[1] | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
Australia
Brunei
Canada[lower-alpha 22]
Chile
Japan
Malaysia
Mexico
New Zealand
Peru
Singapore
Vietnam  | 11  | 16 July 2023  | 15 December 2024[lower-alpha 23] | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | £120,851m[lower-alpha 24] | [82][83]

## Negotiations

The United Kingdom is currently pursuing free trade agreements with new countries using three methods. The first of is negotiating completely new trade agreements with a country. The second is through a country applying and acceding to a trade bloc of which the United Kingdom is currently a member of. The third way is through encouraging countries to join existing plurilateral trade agreements.

### Active negotiations

The following countries are in active negotiations, have drafted, or signed a new free trade agreement with the UK government:[5][4]

Nation (s)  | No of nations
represented  | Agreement  | Coverage  | Type  | Trade value (2023)[1][84] | Status  | Progress  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Greenland | 1  | Greenland–UK Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement  | Goods  | New  | £12m  | Negotiations ongoing  | Negotiations resumed on 3 October 2025.  | [85][86]
Gulf Cooperation Council
Bahrain
Kuwait
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
United Arab Emirates | 6  | Gulf Cooperation Council–UK Free Trade Agreement  | Goods & Services  | New  | £57,433m  | Agreement signed  | Agreement signed on 20 May 2026.  | [87][88]
South Korea | 1  | South Korea–UK Free Trade Agreement  | Goods & Services  | New  | £18,349m  | Negotiations concluded  | Agreement in principle reached on 15 December 2025.
Switzerland | 1  | Switzerland–UK Free Trade Agreement  | Goods & Services  | New  | £50,817m  | Negotiations concluded  | Agreement in principle reached on 13 July 2026.
Turkey | 1  | Turkey–UK Free Trade Agreement  | Goods & Services  | New  | £25,817m  | Negotiations ongoing  | Fifth round of negotiations concluded on 23 June 2026.  | [89][90]

### Previous negotiations

The following countries have previously opened negotiations with the UK government for a free trade agreement, but negotiations have since been suspended, stagnated, or removed from the UK governments trade negotiations agenda. The United Kingdom has formally suspended negotiations for a free trade agreement on two occasions; it suspended free trade negotiations with Canada in January 2024, and Israel in May 2025.[91][92]

Nation (s)  | No of nations
represented  | Agreement  | Coverage  | Type  | Trade value (2023)[1][84] | Status  | Progress  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Algeria  | 1  | Algeria–UK Association Agreement  | Goods  | Continuity  | £2,303m  | Negotiations stagnated  | A continuity trade agreement has been offered to Algeria; neither party has signed the agreement.  | [93]
Bosnia and Herzegovina  | 1  | Bosnia and Herzegovina–UK Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement  | Goods & Services  | Continuity  | £255m  | Negotiations stagnated  | A continuity trade agreement has been offered to Bosnia and Herzegovina; neither party has signed the agreement.
Canada  | 1  | Canada–UK Free Trade Agreement  | Goods & Services  | New  | £26,287m  | Negotiations suspended  | Negotiations suspended on 25 January 2024 by the United Kingdom; the two sides have completed eight rounds of talks since 2022.  | [94][95]
Israel | 1  | Israel–UK Free Trade Agreement  | Goods & Services  | New  | £6,137m  | Negotiations suspended  | Negotiations suspended on 20 May 2025 by the United Kingdom; the two sides have completed five rounds of talks since 2022.
Mexico  | 1  | Mexico–UK Free Trade Agreement  | Goods & Services  | New  | £6,599m  | Negotiations stagnated  | Third round of negotiations concluded on 19 May 2023.  | [96][97]
Montenegro  | 1  | Montenegro–UK Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement  | Goods & Services  | Continuity  | £156m  | Negotiations stagnated  | A continuity trade agreement has been offered to Montenegro; neither party has signed the agreement.  | [98][93]
United States | 1  | UK–United States Free Trade Agreement  | Goods & Services  | New  | £310,840m  | Negotiations stagnated  | Fifth round of negotiations concluded on 30 October 2020.  | [99][100]

### Preliminary discussions

The following countries have reportedly discussed negotiating a free trade agreement with the United Kingdom, however negotiations have not been formally opened.

Nation (s)  | No of nations
represented  | Agreement  | Coverage  | Type  | Trade value (2023)[84] | Status  | Progress  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Maldives  | 1  | Maldives–UK Free Trade Agreement  | Goods  | New  | £492m  | Discussions stagnated  | Trade consultation closed on 2 August 2023.  | [101][102]
Template:Country data Mercosur
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Paraguay
Uruguay  | 1  | Mercosur–UK Free Trade Agreement  | Goods & Services  | New  | £15,175m  | Discussions ongoing  | Preliminary discussions to open FTA negotiations restarted on 11 November 2025.  | [103]
Thailand  | 1  | Thailand–UK Free Trade Agreement  | Goods & Services  | New  | £6,026m  | Discussions ongoing  | Preliminary discussions to open FTA negotiations ongoing.  | [104][105]

### Trade bloc applicants

The following countries have applied to join the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, a trade bloc of which the United Kingdom is a member of.

Country  | Application  | Negotiations opened  | Negotiations concluded  | Status  | Bilateral trade value (2023)[1][84] | Existing FTA  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Argentina  | 3 June 2026  | pending | pending | Formal application submitted  | £1,982m  | none
Cambodia  | 16 December 2025  | pending | pending | Formal application submitted  | £216m  | none | [106]
China  | 16 September 2021  | pending | pending | Formal application submitted  | £90,243m  | none | [107][108]
Costa Rica  | 11 August 2022  | 29 November 2024  | 7 May 2026  | Negotiations concluded  | £1,143m  | Central America–UK Association Agreement | [109][110]
Ecuador  | 29 December 2021  | pending | pending | Formal application submitted  | £475m  | Andean Countries–United Kingdom Trade Agreement  | [111][112]
Indonesia  | 19 September 2024  | 26 June 2026  | pending | Formal application submitted  | £2,999m  | none | [113][114]
Philippines  | August 2025  | 26 June 2026  | pending | Formal application submitted  | £2,439m  | none | [115][114]
Taiwan  | 22 September 2021  | pending | pending | Formal application submitted  | £7,433m  | none | [116][117]
Ukraine  | 5 May 2023  | pending | pending | Formal application submitted  | £1,523m  | Ukraine–UK Political, Free Trade and Strategic Partnership Agreement  | [118][119]
United Arab Emirates  | August 2025  | 26 June 2026  | pending | Formal application submitted  | £24,161m  | none | [115][114]
Uruguay  | 1 December 2022  | 21 November 2025  | pending | Negotiations ongoing  | £409m  | none | [120][121]

### EPA enlargement

The following countries can accede to an existing plurilateral Economic Partnership Agreement with the United Kingdom.

Nation(s)  | Trade agreement
being joined  | Status  | Ref.

|
|
|

Haiti  | CARIFORUM–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement | Haiti will be covered by the CARIFORUM–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement if they sign it and bring it into effect.  | [122]
Comoros
Zambia  | Eastern and Southern Africa–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement | Out of the remaining COMESA members, Comoros, and Zambia have agreements in place allowing them to join the ESA–UK Economic Partnership Agreement:

* Comoros signed the agreement on 12 April 2022 and will be covered by the EPA when they bring it into effect.
* Zambia will be covered by the EPA if they sign it and bring it into effect.

| [4][24]
East African Community
Burundi
File:Flag of Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg DR Congo
Rwanda
Somalia
South Sudan
Tanzania
Uganda  | Kenya–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement | Article 143 of the UK–Kenya Economic Partnership Agreement enables any other East African Community member to make an accession request to the UK–Kenya EPA Council.  | [123][124]
Cook Islands
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
File:Flag of Micronesia.svg Federated States of Micronesia
Nauru
Niue
Palau
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu  | Pacific States–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement  | The Pacific States–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement states that 10 other Pacific nations are currently eligible to apply for accession.

* Tonga has shown interest in acceding to the EPA.

| [125]

## Obsolete agreements

The following free trade agreements were previously active, however they have since been superseded or terminated. Signature, entry into force and obsolete dates are as listed by the World Trade Organization.[3]

### Former Independent Agreements

The following bilateral and plurilateral free trade agreements were previously active independently from a trade bloc:

Nation(s)  | No of nations
represented  | Agreement  | Signed  | Effective  | Obsolete  | Coverage  | WTO  | Information  | Superseded by  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Ireland  | 1  | Ireland–United Kingdom Free Trade Area  | 19 December 1965  | 1 July 1966  | 1 January 1973  | Goods  | FTA  | The Free Trade Area was agreed to after both nations' bids to join the European Economic Community were rejected. This agreement was superseded upon both parties' accession to the EEC.  |  European Economic Community  | [126][127]
Colombia  | 1  | Colombia–UK Trade Continuity Agreement  | 18 October 2019  | 1 January 2021  | 28 June 2022  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The Trade Continuity Agreement was a provisionally applied FTA. It existed following Brexit but prior to Colombia's ratification of the Andean Countries–UK Trade Agreement, which went on to supersede this agreement.  | Andean Countries–United Kingdom Trade Agreement  | [128]
Iceland
Norway  | 2  | Iceland–Norway–UK Trade Agreement  | 8 December 2020  | 1 January 2021  | 1 September 2022  | Goods  | FTA  | The Iceland–Norway–UK Trade Agreement was a continuity trade agreement that plurilaterally covered both Iceland–UK trade as well as Norway–UK trade. The agreement was superseded by a new plurilateral FTA which expanded the coverage to include services, additionally covering Liechtenstein–UK trade.  | Free Trade Agreement between Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and the UK  | [129][130][131]

### Former trade bloc memberships

The United Kingdom was previously a member of the following trade blocs, which covered multilateral free trade with fellow members.

Nation(s)  | No. of nations
represented  | Signed  | Effective  | Obsolete  | Coverage  | WTO  | Note  | Superseded by  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

European Free Trade Association
Austria
Denmark
Iceland
Norway
Portugal
Sweden
Switzerland  | 7  | 4 January 1960[lower-alpha 25] | 3 May 1960[lower-alpha 26] | 31 December 1972  | Goods  | FTA & EIA  | The UK was a founding member of the European Free Trade Association, but left the organisation to join the European Economic Community, along with Denmark.  |  European Economic Community  | [133][134]
File:Flag of European Union.svg European Economic Community
Belgium
Denmark
France
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
West Germany/Germany[lower-alpha 27] | 11  | 22 January 1972[lower-alpha 28] | 1 January 1973[lower-alpha 29] | 1 November 1993  | Goods & Services  | CU  | The UK joined the European Economic Community, along with Denmark and Ireland. The EEC was superseded by the European Union.  |  European Union | [137][138]
File:Flag of European Union.svg European Union

27 members

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czechia
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden

| 27  | 7 February 1992[lower-alpha 30] | 1 November 1993[lower-alpha 31] | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services | CU & EIA  | Following the result of the Brexit referendum, the UK invoked Article 50 on 27 March 2017; the UK officially withdrew from the EU on the 1 January 2021. Trade between the EU and the UK was superseded by the Trade and Cooperation following the withdrawal of the UK from the EU.  | File:Flag of European Union.svg Trade and Cooperation Agreement  | [143][144][137]
File:Flag of the European Union.svg European Economic Area

30 members

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czechia
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Liechtenstein
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden

| 30  | 2 May 1992[lower-alpha 30] | 1 January 1994[lower-alpha 31] | 1 January 2021  | Services  | EIA  | The UK and the European Union agreed that Services trade would be covered by the Trade and Cooperation Agreement.  | [145]

### European Union agreements

See also: Finance:Free trade agreements of the European Union

The following agreements are European Economic Community/European Union free trade agreements with third nations of which the UK was a part of during its membership of the European Union.

Nation (s)  | No of nations
represented  | Agreement  | Signed  | Effective  | Obsolete  | Coverage  | WTO  | Note  | Superseded by  | Ref.

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Turkey  | 1  | European Economic Community–Turkey Additional Protocol  | N/A | 1 January 1973  | 1 January 1974  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Turkey.  |  Association Agreement  | [146]
Portugal  | 1  | European Economic Community–Portugal Agreement  | 22 July 1972  | 1 January 1973  | 1 January 1976  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Portugal.  |  Interim Agreement  | [147]
Morocco  | 1  | European Economic Community–Morocco Association Agreement  | N/A | 1 January 1973  | 1 July 1976  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Morocco.  |  Interim Agreement  | [148]
Tunisia  | 1  | European Economic Community–Tunisia Association Agreement  | N/A | 1 January 1973  | 1 July 1976  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Tunisia.  |  Interim Agreement  | [149]
Egypt | 1  | Egypt–European Economic Community Agreement  | N/A | 1 November 1973  | 1 January 1977  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Egypt.  |  Interim Agreement  | [150]
Lebanon  | 1  | European Economic Community–Lebanon Agreement  | N/A | 1 November 1973  | 1 January 1977  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Lebanon.  |  Interim Agreement  | [151]
Algeria  | 1  | Algeria–European Economic Community Interim Agreement  | 26 April 1976  | 1 July 1976  | 1 November 1978  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Algeria.  |  Cooperation Agreement  | [152]
Egypt | 1  | Egypt–European Economic Community Interim Agreement  | 18 January 1977  | 1 July 1977  | 1 November 1978  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Egypt.  |  Cooperation Agreement  | [153]
Jordan  | 1  | European Economic Community–Jordan Interim Agreement  | 18 January 1977  | 1 July 1977  | 1 November 1978  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Jordan.  |  Cooperation Agreement  | [154]
Lebanon  | 1  | European Economic Community–Lebanon Interim Agreement  | 3 May 1977  | 1 July 1977  | 1 November 1978  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Lebanon.  |  Cooperation Agreement  | [155]
Morocco  | 1  | European Economic Community–Morocco Interim Agreement  | 27 April 1976  | 1 July 1977  | 1 November 1978  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Morocco.  |  Cooperation Agreement  | [156]
Syria  | 1  | European Economic Community–Syria Interim Agreement  | 18 January 1977  | 1 July 1977  | 1 November 1978  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Syria.  |  Cooperation Agreement  | [157]
Tunisia  | 1  | European Economic Community–Tunisia Interim Agreement  | 25 April 1976  | 1 July 1977  | 1 November 1978  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an updated FTA with Tunisia.  |  Cooperation Agreement  | [158]
Greece  | 1  | European Economic Community–Greece Association Agreement  | N/A | 1 January 1973  | 1 January 1981  | Goods  | CU  | The agreement was terminated due to Greece's accession to the European Communities.  | File:Flag of the European Union.svg European Economic Community  | [159]
European Economic Community–Greece Additional Protocol  | 28 April 1975  | 1 July 1975  | 1 January 1981  | FTA  | [160]
Portugal  | 1  | European Economic Community–Portugal Interim Agreement  | 20 September 1976  | 1 November 1976  | 1 January 1986  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was terminated due to Portugal's accession to the European Communities.  | [161]
Template:Country data Francoist Spain | 1  | European Economic Community–Spain Agreement  | N/A | 1 January 1973  | 1 January 1986  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was terminated due to Spain's accession to the European Communities.  | [162]
Template:Country data Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia | 1  | European Economic Community–Yugoslavia Interim Agreement  | 6 May 1980  | 1 July 1980  | 27 November 1991  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was terminated by the EEC due to the breakup of Yugoslavia.  | N/A | [163]
Finland  | 1  | European Economic Community–Finland Agreement  | 5 October 1973  | 1 January 1973  | 1 January 1994  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was terminated due to Finland's accession to the European Union.  |  European Union  | [164]
Hungary  | 1  | European Economic Community–Hungary Interim Agreement  | 16 December 1991  | 1 March 1992  | 1 February 1994  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by a more comprehensive FTA with Hungary.  |  Europe Association Agreement  | [165]
Poland  | 1  | European Economic Community–Poland Interim Agreement  | 16 December 1991  | 1 March 1992  | 1 February 1994  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by a more comprehensive FTA with Poland.  |  Europe Association Agreement  | [166]
Austria  | 1  | Austria–European Economic Community Agreement  | 22 July 1972  | 1 October 1972  | 1 January 1995  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was terminated due to Austria's accession to the European Union.  |  European Union  | [167]
Sweden  | 1  | European Economic Community–Sweden Agreement  | 22 July 1972  | 1 January 1973  | 1 January 1995  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was terminated due to Sweden's accession to the European Union.  | [168]
Bulgaria  | 1  | Bulgaria–European Economic Community Interim Agreement  | 8 March 1993  | 31 December 1993  | 1 February 1995  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by a more comprehensive FTA with Bulgaria.  |  Europe Association Agreement  | [169]
File:Flag of Czechoslovakia.svg Czech and Slovak Federative Republic/Czech Republic[lower-alpha 32] | 1  | Czech and Slovak Federal Republic–European Communities Europe Association Agreement  | 16 December 1991  | 1 March 1992  | 1 February 1995  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by a more comprehensive Association Agreement with the Czech Republic.  |  Europe Association Agreement  | [170][171]
Romania  | 1  | European Economic Community–Romania Interim Agreement  | 1 February 1993  | 1 May 1993  | 1 February 1995  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by a more comprehensive FTA with Romania.  |  Europe Association Agreement  | [172][173]
Turkey  | 1  | European Economic Community–Turkey Association Agreement  | 30 June 1973  | 1 January 1974  | 1 January 1996  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by a customs union with Turkey.  |  Customs Union  | [174]
Slovenia  | 1  | European Economic Community–Slovenia Cooperation Agreement  | 5 April 1993  | 19 July 1993  | 1 January 1997  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by a more comprehensive FTA with Slovenia.  |  Interim Agreement  | [175]
Faroe Islands  | 1  | European Economic Community–Faroe Islands Agreement  | 2 December 1991  | 1 January 1992  | 1 January 1997  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by a more comprehensive FTA with the Faroe Islands.  | File:Flag of Faroe Islands.svg Agreement  | [176]
Tunisia  | 1  | European Economic Community–Tunisia Cooperation Agreement  | 25 April 1976  | 1 November 1978  | 1 March 1998  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an Association Agreement with Tunisia.  |  Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement  | [177][178]
Morocco  | 1  | European Economic Community–Morocco Cooperation Agreement  | 27 April 1976  | 1 November 1978  | 1 March 2000  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an Association Agreement with Morocco.  |  Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement  | [179][180]
Israel  | 1  | European Economic Community–Israel Agreement  | 11 May 1975  | 1 July 1975  | 1 June 2000  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an Association Agreement with Israel.  |  Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement  | [181][182]
Jordan  | 1  | European Economic Community–Jordan Cooperation Agreement  | 18 January 1977  | 1 November 1978  | 1 May 2002  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an Association Agreement with Jordan.  |  Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement  | [183][184]
Lebanon  | 1  | European Economic Community–Lebanon Cooperation Agreement  | 3 May 1977  | 1 November 1978  | 1 March 2003  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an Association Agreement with Lebanon.  |  Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement  | [185][186]
Cyprus  | 1  | Cyprus–European Economic Community Association Agreement  | 19 December 1972  | 1 June 1973  | 1 May 2004  | Goods  | CU  | The agreement was terminated due to the Cyprus's accession to the European Union.  |  European Union  | [187][188]
Czech Republic  | 1  | Czech Republic–European Communities Europe Association Agreement  | 4 October 1993  | 1 February 1995  | 1 May 2004  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The agreement was terminated due to the Czech Republic's accession to the European Union.  | [189][190]
Estonia  | 1  | Estonia–European Communities Europe Association Agreement  | 18 July 1994  | 1 January 1995  | 1 May 2004  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The agreement was terminated due to Estonia's accession to the European Union.  | [191][192]
Hungary  | 1  | European Communities–Hungary Europe Association Agreement  | 16 December 1991  | 1 February 1994  | 1 May 2004  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The agreement was terminated due to the Hungary's accession to the European Union.  | [193]
Latvia  | 1  | European Communities–Latvia Europe Association Agreement  | 18 July 1994  | 1 January 1995  | 1 May 2004  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The agreement was terminated due to Latvia's accession to the European Union.  | [194][195]
Lithuania  | 1  | European Communities–Lithuania Europe Association Agreement  | 18 July 1994  | 1 January 1995  | 1 May 2004  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The agreement was terminated due to Lithuania's accession to the European Union.  | [196][197]
Malta  | 1  | European Communities–Malta Europe Association Agreement  | N/A | 1 January 1973  | 1 May 2004  | Goods  | CU  | The UK's accession to the European Economic Community coincided with the UK joining this agreement.
The agreement was terminated due to Malta's accession to the European Union.  | [198][199]
Poland  | 1  | European Communities–Poland Europe Association Agreement  | 16 December 1991  | 1 February 1994  | 1 May 2004  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The agreement was terminated due to Poland's accession to the European Union.  | [200]
Slovenia  | 1  | European Communities–Slovenia Interim Agreement  | 11 November 1996  | 1 January 1997  | 1 May 2004  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was terminated due to Slovenia's accession to the European Union.  | [201]
1  | European Communities–Slovenia Europe Association Agreement  | 10 June 1996  | 1 February 1999  | 1 May 2004  | Services  | EIA  | The agreement was terminated due to Slovenia's accession to the European Union.  | [202][203]
Slovakia  | 1  | European Communities–Slovakia Europe Association Agreement  | 4 October 1993  | 1 February 1995  | 1 May 2004  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The agreement was terminated due to Slovakia's accession to the European Union.  | [204][205]
Egypt  | 1  | Egypt–European Economic Community Cooperation Agreement  | 18 January 1977  | 1 November 1978  | 1 June 2004  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an Association Agreement with Egypt.  |  Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement  | [206][207]
Algeria  | 1  | Algeria–European Economic Community Cooperation Agreement  | 26 April 1976  | 1 July 1976  | 1 September 2005  | Goods  | FTA  | The agreement was superseded by an Association Agreement with Algeria.  |  Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement  | [208][209]
Bulgaria  | 1  | Bulgaria–European Communities Europe Association Agreement  | 8 March 1993  | 1 February 1995  | 1 January 2007  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The agreement was terminated due to Bulgaria's accession to the European Union.  |  European Union  | [210][211]
Romania  | 1  | European Communities–Romania Europe Association Agreement  | 1 February 1993  | 1 February 1995  | 1 January 2007  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The agreement was terminated due to Romania's accession to the European Union.  | [212][213]
Croatia  | 1  | Croatia–European Communities Stabilisation and Association Agreement  | 29 October 2001  | 1 March 2002  | 1 July 2013  | Goods & Services[lower-alpha 33] | FTA & EIA  | The agreement was terminated due to Croatia's accession to the European Union.  | [214][215]
Albania  | 1  | Albania–European Communities Stabilisation and Association Agreement  | 12 June 2006  | 1 April 2009  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Albania on 5 February 2021.  |  Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement  | [216][217]
Algeria  | 1  | Algeria–European Community Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement  | 22 April 2002  | 1 September 2005  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK has no free trade agreement with Algeria.  | none | [218][219]
Andorra  | 1  | Andorra–European Economic Community Agreement  | N/A | 1 July 1991  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | CU  | The UK and the European Union agreed that Andorra–UK trade would be covered by the Trade and Cooperation Agreement.  | File:Flag of European Union.svg Trade and Cooperation Agreement  | [220][221]
Armenia  | 1  | Armenia–European Union Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement  | 24 November 2017  | 1 June 2018  | 1 January 2021  | Services  | EIA  | The UK has no free trade agreement with Armenia.  | none | [222][223]
Bosnia and Herzegovina  | 1  | Bosnia and Herzegovina–European Communities Stabilisation and Association Agreement  | 16 June 2008  | 1 June 2015  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK has no free trade agreement with Bosnia and Herzegovina.  | none | [224][225][98]
Cameroon  | 1  | Central Africa Party–European Community Economic Partnership Agreement | 15 January 2009  | 4 August 2014  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Cameroon on 28 December 2020.  |  Economic Partnership Agreement | [226][227]
Canada  | 1  | Canada–European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement | 30 October 2016  | 21 September 2017  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Canada on 8 December 2020.  |  Trade Continuity Agreement  | [228][229]
CARIFORUM
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Guyana
Jamaica
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Lucia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago  | 14  | CARIFORUM–European Community Economic Partnership Agreement | 15 October 2008  | 29 December 2008  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with the CARIFORUM states on 22 March 2019.  | CARIFORUM–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement | [230][231]
Central America
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama  | 6  | Central America–European Union Association Agreement  | 29 June 2012  | 1 August 2013[lower-alpha 34] | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Central America on 18 July 2019.  | Central America–United Kingdom Association Agreement | [232][233]
Chile  | 1  | Chile–European Community Association Agreement  | 18 November 2002  | 1 February 2003  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services[lower-alpha 35] | FTA & EIA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Chile on 30 January 2019.  |  Association Agreement  | [234][235]
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru  | 3  | Colombia, Ecuador and Peru–European Union Trade Agreement  | 26 June 2012[lower-alpha 36] | 1 March 2013[lower-alpha 37] | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Colombia, Ecuador and Peru states on 15 May 2019.  | Andean Countries–United Kingdom Trade Agreement  | [236][237]
Eastern and Southern Africa
Comoros
Madagascar
Mauritius
File:Flag of the Seychelles.svg Seychelles
Zimbabwe  | 5  | Eastern and Southern Africa–European Community Economic Partnership Agreement | 29 August 2009  | 14 May 2012  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with the Eastern and Southern Africa states on 31 January 2019.  | Eastern and Southern Africa–UK Economic Partnership Agreement | [238][239]
Egypt  | 1  | Egypt–European Communities Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement  | 25 June 2001  | 1 June 2004  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Egypt on 5 December 2020.  |  Association Agreement  | [240][241]
Faroe Islands  | 1  | European Community–Faroe Islands Agreement  | 6 December 1996  | 1 January 1997  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with the Faroe Islands on 31 January 2019.  | File:Flag of Faroe Islands.svg Free Trade Agreement  | [242][243]
Georgia  | 1  | European Union–Georgia Association Agreement  | 27 June 2014  | 1 September 2014  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Georgia on 21 October 2019.  |  Strategic Partnership and Cooperation Agreement  | [244][245]
Ghana  | 1  | European Community–Ghana Stepping Stone Economic Partnership Agreement | 28 July 2016  | 15 December 2016  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Ghana on 2 March 2021.  |  Interim Trade Partnership Agreement | [246][247]
Iceland  | 1  | European Economic Community–Iceland Agreement  | 19 December 1972  | 1 April 1973  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Iceland on 8 December 2020.  | Iceland–Norway–UK Trade Agreement  | [248]
Israel  | 1  | European Communities–Israel Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement  | 20 November 1995  | 1 June 2000  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Israel on 18 February 2019.  |  Trade and Partnership Agreement  | [249][250]
Ivory Coast  | 1  | European Community–Ivory Coast Stepping Stone Economic Partnership Agreement | 26 November 2008  | 3 September 2016  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Ivory Coast on 15 October 2020.  | File:Flag of Ivory Coast.svg Stepping Stone Economic Partnership Agreement | [251][252]
Japan  | 1  | European Union–Japan Economic Partnership Agreement  | 17 July 2018  | 1 February 2019  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK signed a new free trade agreement with Japan on 23 October 2020.  |  Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement  | [253][254]
Jordan  | 1  | European Communities–Jordan Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement  | 24 November 1997  | 1 May 2002  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Jordan on 5 November 2019.  |  Association Agreement  | [255][256]
Kosovo  | 1  | European Union–Kosovo Stabilisation and Association Agreement  | 27 October 2015  | 1 April 2016  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Kosovo on 3 December 2019.  |  Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement
Lebanon  | 1  | European Community–Lebanon Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement  | 17 June 2002  | 1 March 2003  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Lebanon on 19 September 2019.  |  Association Agreement  | [257][258]
Liechtenstein
Switzerland  | 2  | European Economic Community–Switzerland Agreement  | N/A | 1 January 1973  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK's accession to the European Economic Community coincided with the UK joining this agreement.
The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Liechtenstein and Switzerland on 8 December 2020.  | Switzerland–Liechtenstein–United Kingdom Trade Agreement  | [259][260]
Mexico  | 1  | European Community–Mexico Economic Partnership, Political Coordination and Cooperation Agreement  | 8 December 1997  | 1 July 2000  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Mexico on 15 December 2020.  |  Trade Continuity Agreement  | [261][262]
Moldova  | 1  | European Union–Moldova Association Agreement  | 27 June 2014  | 1 September 2014  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Moldova on 24 December 2020.  |  Strategic Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement  | [263][264]
Montenegro  | 1  | European Communities–Montenegro Stabilisation and Association Agreement  | 15 October 2007  | 1 May 2010  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK has no free trade agreement with Montenegro.  | none | [265][266][98]
Morocco  | 1  | European Community–Morocco Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement  | 26 February 1996  | 1 March 2000  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Morocco on 26 October 2019.  |  Association Agreement  | [267][268]
North Macedonia  | 1  | European Communities–Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Stabilisation and Association Agreement  | 9 April 2001  | 1 June 2001  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with North Macedonia on 3 December 2020.  |  Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement  | [269][270]
Norway  | 1  | European Economic Community–Norway Agreement  | N/A | 1 January 1973  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK's accession to the European Economic Community coincided with the UK joining this agreement.
The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Norway on 8 December 2020.  | Iceland–Norway–UK Trade Agreement  | [271][272]
Overseas Countries and Territories
Anguilla
Aruba
Bermuda
Bonaire
Template:Country data British Antarctic Territory
File:Flag of the British Indian Ocean Territory.svg British Indian Ocean Territory
British Virgin Islands
Cayman Islands
Curaçao
Falkland Islands
French Polynesia
Template:Country data French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Greenland
Montserrat
New Caledonia
Pitcairn Islands
Saba
Saint Barthélemy
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Sint Eustatius
Sint Maarten
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Wallis and Futuna  | 24  | European Union–Overseas Countries and Territories Free Trade Agreement | 27 November 2001  | 2 December 2001  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK has no free trade agreement with any of the EU Overseas Countries and Territories.  | none | [273][274][275]
Pacific States
Fiji
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands  | 4  | European Community–Pacific States Interim Partnership Agreement | 30 July 2009[lower-alpha 38] | 20 December 2009[lower-alpha 39] | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with the Pacific States on 14 March 2019.  | Pacific States–United Kingdom Economic Partnership Agreement  | [276][277]
Template:Country data Palestinian Authority | 1  | European Community–Palestinian Authority Euro-Mediterranean Interim Association Agreement  | 24 February 1997  | 1 July 1997  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with the Palestinian Authority on 18 February 2019.  |  Political, Trade and Partnership Agreement  | [278][279]
San Marino  | 1  | European Economic Community–San Marino Cooperation and Customs Union Agreement  | 16 December 1991  | 1 April 2002  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | CU  | The UK and the European Union agreed that San Marino–UK trade would be covered by the Trade and Cooperation Agreement.  | File:Flag of European Union.svg Trade and Cooperation Agreement  | [280][281]
Serbia  | 1  | European Communities–Serbia Stabilisation and Association Agreement  | 29 April 2008  | 1 February 2010  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Serbia on 16 April 2021.  |  Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement | [282][283]
Singapore  | 1  | European Union–Singapore Free Trade Agreement | 19 October 2018  | 21 November 2019  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Singapore on 10 December 2020.  |  Free Trade Agreement  | [284][285]
South Africa  | 1  | European Community–South Africa Trade, Development and Cooperation Agreement | 11 October 1999  | 1 January 2000  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with South Africa on 16 October 2019.  | Southern Africa Customs Union and Mozambique–UK Economic Partnership Agreement  | [286][287]
South Korea  | 1  | European Union–South Korea Free Trade Agreement  | 6 October 2010  | 1 July 2011  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with South Korea on 22 August 2019.  |  Trade Agreement  | [288][289]
Southern African Development Community
Botswana
Eswatini
Lesotho
Mozambique
Namibia
South Africa  | 6  | European Union–Southern African Development Community Economic Partnership Agreement | 10 June 2016  | 10 October 2016[lower-alpha 40] | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Mozambique and the Southern African Customs Union on 9 October 2019.  | Southern Africa Customs Union and Mozambique–UK Economic Partnership Agreement  | [290][291]
Template:Country data Ba'athist Syria | 1  | European Economic Community–Syria Cooperation Agreement  | 18 January 1977  | 1 July 1977  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK has no free trade agreement with Syria.  | none | [292][293]
Tunisia  | 1  | European Communities–Tunisia Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement  | 7 July 1995  | 1 March 1998  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | FTA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Tunisia on 4 October 2019.  |  Association Agreement  | [294][295]
Turkey  | 1  | European Economic Community–Turkey Customs Union  | 6 March 1995  | 1 January 1996  | 1 January 2021  | Goods  | CU  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Turkey on 29 December 2020.  |  Trade Agreement  | [296][297]
Ukraine  | 1  | European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement  | 27 June 2014  | 23 April 2014  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Ukraine on 8 October 2020.  |  Political, Free Trade and Strategic Partnership Agreement  | [298][299]
Vietnam  | 1  | European Union–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement  | 30 June 2019  | 1 August 2020  | 1 January 2021  | Goods & Services  | FTA & EIA  | The UK signed a trade continuity agreement with Vietnam on 29 December 2020.  |  Free Trade Agreement  | [300][301]

## Largest trading partners

Export and import markets for goods and services in 2024, seasonally adjusted
Figures in £billions sterling  Exports  | Imports

|

Rank  | Trade partner  | £billions  | % of total  | Rank  | Trade partner  | £billions  | % of total
| File:Flag of European Union.svg European Union | 366.3 | 41.0% |  | File:Flag of European Union.svg European Union | 459.5 | 50.0%
1\.  |  United States[lower-alpha 41] | 196.3  | 22.5%  | 1\.  |  United States | 118.3  | 13.1%
2\.  |  Germany (EU member)  | 61.1  | 7.0%  | 2\.  |  Germany (EU member)  | 85.3  | 9.4%
3\.  |  Ireland (EU member)  | 51.6  | 5.9%  | 3\.  | File:Flag of China.svg China  | 68.7  | 7.6%
4\.  |  Netherlands (EU member)  | 50.8  | 5.8%  | 4\.  |  Netherlands (EU member)  | 59.8  | 6.6%
5\.  |  France (EU member)  | 46.2  | 5.3%  | 5\.  |  France (EU member)  | 58.0  | 6.4%
6\.  | File:Flag of China.svg China  | 29.7  | 3.4%  | 6\.  |  Spain (EU member)  | 44.5  | 4.9%
7\.  |  Belgium (EU member)  | 26.0  | 3.0%  | 7\.  |  Belgium (EU member)  | 34.7  | 3.8%
8\.  |  Switzerland (EFTA )  | 25.5  | 2.9%  | 8\.  |  Italy (EU member)  | 34.4  | 3.8%
9\.  |  Spain (EU member)  | 20.1  | 2.3%  | 9\.  |  Ireland (EU member)  | 30.4  | 3.4%
10\.  |  Italy (EU member)  | 18.5  | 2.1%  | 10\.  |  Norway (EFTA)  | 28.4  | 3.1%
| EU | 366.3  | 41.0%  |  | EU | 459.5  | 50.0%
| Non EU | 526.9  | 59.0%  |  | Non EU | 459.2  | 50.0%
| World | 893.2  | 100%  |  | World | 918.7  | 100%

Historically, WTO imports and exports are based on the rule of origin, while EU imports/exports are based on single market statistics.

The figures above are for 2024[302]

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## See also

* Accession of the United Kingdom to CPTPP
* Economic Partnership Agreements
* Free trade agreements of Canada
* Free trade agreements of India
* Free trade agreements of Israel
* Free trade agreements of New Zealand
* Free trade agreements of the European Union
* Free trade agreements of the United States
* Free trade agreements of Turkey
* Foreign relations of the United Kingdom
* List of multilateral free trade agreements
* List of bilateral free trade agreements
* United Kingdom common framework policies
* United Kingdom–Crown Dependencies Customs Union

## Notes

1. ↑ Trade with Colombia entered into force on 28 June 2022.[10]
2. ↑ The agreement only covered goods until 1 April 2021 when it expanded to cover services.[15]
3. ↑ Trinidad and Tobago signed on 1 April 2019.
Dominican Republic signed on 4 April 2019.
Antigua and Barbuda signed on 6 June 2019.
The Bahamas signed on 27 November 2019.
Suriname signed on 4 March 2021.[16]
4. ↑ Trade with Suriname entered into force on 5 March 2021.[17]
5. ↑ Madagascar signed the agreement on 4 November 2021.[24]
6. ↑ Trade with Madagascar entered into force on 1 August 2024.[24]
7. ↑ This figure was published prior to Madagascar's accession to the Economic Partnership Agreement; thus excludes trade with Madagascar.
8. ↑ As an integral part of the EU Customs Union, Akrotiri and Dhekelia-UK trade is covered by this agreement.
9. ↑ Under the UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement, the UK and the EU have agreed that Andorra be treated as a member of the EUCU. Therefore, Andorra-UK trade is covered by this agreement.[1]
10. ↑ As an integral part of the EU Customs Union, Monaco-UK trade is covered by this agreement.
11. ↑ Under the UK-EU Trade and Cooperation Agreement, the UK and the EU have agreed that San Marino be treated as a member of the EUCU. Therefore, San Marino-UK trade is covered by this agreement.[1]
12. ↑ This agreement covers the 27 EU members, additionally it governs UK trade with Andorra, Monaco, San Marino, as well as the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia.[1]
13. ↑ Due to the Swiss-Liechtenstein customs union, goods from Liechtenstein are governed in the Switzerland–Liechtenstein–UK FTA.
14. ↑ This figure only represents trade value between the UK and the cumulative value of Iceland and Norway. Liechtenstein trade accounts for 168m but is divided between two agreements.[1]
15. ↑ This treaty only governs Liechtenstein's goods due to the Swiss-Liechtenstein customs union. Liechtenstein–UK trade is governed by the Iceland–Liechtenstein–Norway–UK FTA.[43]
16. ↑ This figure only represents trade value between the UK and Switzerland. Liechtenstein trade accounts for 168m but is divided between two agreements.[1]
17. ↑ Samoa signed the agreement on 11 January 2021[54]
The Solomon Islands signed the agreement on 5 January 2021[55]
18. ↑ Trade with Samoa and the Solomon Islands entered into force on 31 March 2022.[56]
19. ↑ Expanded upon by the Singapore–UK Digital Economy Agreement to cover digital trade, after entering into force on 14 June 2022.[61][62]
20. ↑ South Africa signed the agreement on 16 October 2019.[67]
21. ↑ Expanded upon by the Ukraine–UK Digital Trade Agreement to cover digital trade, after entering into force on 1 September 2024.[74][75]
22. ↑ The United Kingdom's CPTPP accession protocol will enter into force for Canada on 1 September 2026.[80]
23. ↑ The accession protocol entered into force with Australia and Mexico on 24 December 2024 and on 22 June 2026 respectively.[81]
24. ↑ This figure only accounts for UK trade with 7 CPTPP member states, excluding Canada and Mexico due to late ratifications of the treaty.
25. ↑ Iceland signed the agreement on 4 December 1969.[132]
26. ↑ Trade with Iceland entered into force on 1 March 1970.[132]
Trade with Liechtenstein entered into force on 1 September 1991.
27. ↑ German reunification took place in 1990
28. ↑ Greece signed the agreement on 28 May 1979.[135]
Portugal and Spain signed the agreement on 12 June 1985.[136]
29. ↑ Greece acceded to the European Economic Community on 1 January 1981.[135]
Portugal and Spain acceded to the European Economic Community on 1 January 1986.[136]
30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Austria, Finland, and Sweden signed the agreement on 24 June 1994.[139]
Cyprus, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia signed the agreement on 16 April 2003.[140]
Bulgaria and Romania signed the agreement on 25 April 2005.[141]
Croatia signed the agreement on 9 December 2011.[142]
31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Austria, Finland, and Sweden acceded to the European Union on 1 January 1995.[139]
Cyprus, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia acceded to the European Union on 1 May 2004.[140]
Bulgaria and Romania acceded to the European Union on 1 January 2007.[141]
Croatia acceded to the European Union on 1 July 2013.[142]
32. ↑ Dissolution of Czechoslovakia took place in 1993.
33. ↑ The agreement only covered goods until 1 February 2005 when it expanded to cover services.
34. ↑ Trade with Costa Rica and El Salvador entered into force on 1 October 2013.
Trade with Guatemala entered into force on 1 December 2013.
35. ↑ The agreement only covered goods until 1 March 2005 when it expanded to cover services.
36. ↑ Ecuador signed the agreement on 1 January 2017.
37. ↑ Trade with Ecuador entered into force on 11 November 2016.
38. ↑ Fiji signed the agreement on 11 December 2009.
39. ↑ Trade with Fiji entered into force on 28 July 2014.
Trade with Samoa entered into force on 31 December 2018.
Trade with the Solomon Islands entered into force on 17 May 2020.
40. ↑ Trade with Mozambique entered into force on 4 February 2018.
41. ↑ including Puerto Rico

## References

1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 Department for International Trade (3 November 2022). "UK trade agreements in effect". https://www.gov.uk/guidance/uk-trade-agreements-in-effect.
2. ↑ Eiser, David; McEwen, Nicola; Roy, Graeme (7 April 2021). "The Trade Policies of Brexit Britain: the Influence of and Impacts on the Devolved Nations". Brill Publishers. https://brill.com/downloadpdf/journals/eris/8/1/article-p22_22.pdf.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Regional Agreements Database (United Kingdom)". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicSearchByMemberResult.aspx?MemberCode=826&lang=1&redirect=1.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Department for International Trade (2 March 2020). "The UK's trade agreements". https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/the-uks-trade-agreements.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Webb, Dominic (5 September 2025). ﻿Progress on UK free trade agreement negotiations﻿ (Report). https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-9314/. Retrieved 21 October 2025.
6. ↑ BBC News (13 November 2019). "Election 2019: A short guide to devolution in the UK". https://www.bbc.com/news/election-2019-50379039.
7. ↑ "First meeting of government trade advisory group". 6 June 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-meeting-of-government-trade-advisory-group.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "UK Treaties". 2 July 2013. https://www.gov.uk/guidance/uk-treaties. 30px Text was copied from this source, which is available under an Open Government Licence v3.0. © Crown copyright.
9. ↑ GOV.UK (20 December 2024). "UK trade in numbers (web version)". https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/uk-trade-in-numbers/uk-trade-in-numbers-web-version.
10. ↑ "United Kingdom - Colombia, Ecuador and Peru". http://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=1096.
11. ↑ "UK signs trade continuity agreement with Colombia, Ecuador and Peru". 15 May 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-trade-continuity-agreement-with-colombia-ecuador-and-peru.
12. ↑ Taj, Mitra (15 May 2019). "Peru, Ecuador and Colombia sign trade deal with UK ahead of Brexit". Lima. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brexit-peru-idUSKCN1SL2LW.
13. ↑ "United Kingdom and Cameroon secure Economic Partnership Agreement". 30 December 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/united-kingdom-and-cameroon-secure-economic-partnership-agreement.
14. ↑ Cotton, Barney (4 January 2021). "UK and Cameroon secure Economic Partnership Agreement". https://www.businessleader.co.uk/uk-and-cameroon-secure-economic-partnership-agreement/.
15. ↑ "United Kingdom - Canada". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=1133.
16. ↑ "United Kingdom - CARIFORUM States". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=1097.
17. ↑ "Suriname signs CARIFORUM-UK EPA". 5 March 2021. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/suriname-signs-cariforum-uk-epa.
18. ↑ "UK signs trade continuity agreement with Caribbean countries". 22 March 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-trade-continuity-agreement-with-caribbean-countries.
19. ↑ Partington, Richard (22 March 2019). "UK secures post-Brexit trade deal with group of Caribbean countries". https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/22/uk-secures-post-brexit-trade-deal-with-group-of-caribbean-countries.
20. ↑ Foreign and Commonwealth Office (18 July 2019). "UK and Central America sign continuity agreement". https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-central-america-sign-continuity-agreement.
21. ↑ Cotton, Barney (19 July 2019). "UK and Central America sign continuity agreement". Business Leader. https://www.businessleader.co.uk/uk-and-central-america-sign-continuity-agreement/.
22. ↑ "UK and Chile sign continuity agreement". 30 January 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-chile-sign-continuity-agreement.
23. ↑ Mander, Benedict (1 February 2019). "Is Chile a Brexit seer?". Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/54c17880-263f-11e9-8ce6-5db4543da632.
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 24.2 Department for International Trade (6 February 2019). "ESA-UK economic partnership agreement (EPA)". https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/esa-uk-economic-partnership-agreement-epa--2.
25. ↑ "UK signs Eastern and Southern Africa trade continuity agreement". 31 January 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-eastern-and-southern-africa-trade-continuity-agreement.
26. ↑ AfBC News (5 November 2020). "UK Trade with Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) from 1 Jan 2021". https://african-chamber.com/news/f/uk-trade-with-eastern-and-southern-africa-esa-from-1-jan-2021?blogcategory=Africa.
27. ↑ "UK and Georgia sign trade continuity and strategic cooperation agreement". 21 October 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-georgia-sign-trade-continuity-and-strategic-cooperation-agreement.
28. ↑ Mammadova, Tamilla (10 February 2020). "Georgia ratifies free trade agreement with UK". Baku. https://en.trend.az/business/economy/3189742.html.
29. ↑ "UK signs Trade Partnership Agreement with Ghana". GOV.UK. 2 March 2021. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-signs-trade-partnership-agreement-with-ghana.
30. ↑ Ghanaian Times (2 March 2021). "Ghana, UK to sign new trade agreement today". Ghanaian Times (Accra, Ghana). https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ghana-uk-to-sign-new-trade-agreement-today/.
31. ↑ "United Kingdom signs free trade deal with Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein". 8 July 2021. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/united-kingdom-signs-free-trade-deal-with-norway-iceland-and-liechtenstein.
32. ↑ Morris, Chris (4 June 2021). "Brexit: UK announces trade deal with Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein". https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-57347874.
33. ↑ "UK and Israel sign trade continuity agreement". 18 February 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-israel-sign-trade-continuity-agreement.
34. ↑ Odenheimer, Alisa (18 February 2019). "U.K to Sign Post-Brexit Trade Continuity Accord with Israel". https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-18/u-k-to-sign-post-brexit-trade-continuity-accord-with-israel.
35. ↑ "The United Kingdom and Côte d'Ivoire sign Economic Partnership Agreement". 15 October 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/the-united-kingdom-and-cote-divoire-sign-economic-partnership-agreement.
36. ↑ Ballard, Oli (20 October 2020). "The UK and Ivory Coast sign Economic Partnership Agreement". https://www.businessleader.co.uk/the-uk-and-ivory-coast-sign-economic-partnership-agreement/.
37. ↑ British Embassy Amman (1 May 2021). "UK and Jordan Trade Agreement comes into effect". https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-jordan-trade-agreement-comes-into-effect.
38. ↑ ITP (3 May 2021). "Jordan-UK trade deal welcomed as countries strengthen relations". https://www.arabianbusiness.com/politics-economics/462937-jordan-uk-trade-deal-welcomed-as-countries-strengthen-relations.
39. ↑ "UK and Kenya secure a trade agreement". 3 November 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-kenya-secure-a-trade-agreement.
40. ↑ Miriri, Duncan (3 November 2020). "Kenya agrees new trade deal with Britain to safeguard investments". Nairobi. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-kenya-britain-trade/kenya-agrees-new-trade-deal-with-britain-to-safeguard-investments-idUKKBN27J1S6/.
41. ↑ Department for International Trade (20 December 2019). "UK-Kosovo partnership, trade and cooperation agreement". https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-kosovopartnership-trade-and-cooperationagreement.
42. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `inews.co.uk`
43. ↑ "UK-Switzerland-Liechtenstein Trade Agreement". 28 February 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/uk-switzerland-liechtenstein-trade-agreement.
44. ↑ "UK and Switzerland sign trade continuity agreement". 11 February 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-switzerland-sign-trade-continuity-agreement.
45. ↑ Pickard, Jim (11 February 2019). "UK signs biggest trade deal since Brexit vote with Switzerland". https://www.ft.com/content/2341f6e8-2dd5-11e9-ba00-0251022932c8.
46. ↑ "UK and Mexico sign trade deal'". 15 December 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-mexico-sign-trade-deal.
47. ↑ James, William (15 December 2020). "Britain and Mexico agree deal on post-Brexit trade". London. https://www.reuters.com/article/britain-mexico-trade/britain-and-mexico-agree-deal-on-post-brexit-trade-idUKL1N2IV13M.
48. ↑ "UK and Moldova sign Strategic Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement". 24 December 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-moldova-sign-strategic-partnership-trade-and-cooperation-agreement.
49. ↑ Moldpres (19 August 2021). "Moldova, United Kingdom to sign agreement on strategic partnership". https://www.moldpres.md/en/news/2021/08/19/21006060.
50. ↑ "UK and New Zealand sign comprehensive trade deal". 28 February 2022. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-new-zealand-sign-comprehensive-trade-deal.
51. ↑ Robinson, James (31 May 2023). "UK to send signed Beano copies to Australia and New Zealand to mark start of post-Brexit trade deals". https://news.sky.com/story/uk-to-send-signed-beano-copies-to-australia-and-new-zealand-to-mark-start-of-post-brexit-trade-deals-12893435.
52. ↑ "North Macedonia and UK sign Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement". 3 December 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/north-macedonia-and-uk-sign-partnership-trade-and-cooperation-agreement.
53. ↑ LexisNexis (3 December 2020). "Beyond Brexit—UK-North Macedonia Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement signed". https://www.lexisnexis.co.uk/blog/brexit/beyond-brexit-uk-north-macedonia-partnership-trade-cooperation-agreement-signed.
54. ↑ Rheeney, Alexander (11 January 2022). "Samoa signs trade agreement with U.K.". https://www.samoaobserver.ws/category/samoa/77330.
55. ↑ Web Admin (5 January 2021). "Solomon Islands Accession onto the UK-Pacific interim Economic Partnership Agreement". http://www.mfaet.gov.sb/media-center/press-releases/external-trade-news/211-si-accession-uk-pacific-interim-epa.html.
56. ↑ "United Kingdom-Pacific States Interim Economic Partnership (Pacific States interim)". https://aric.adb.org/fta/united-kingdom-pacific-states-interim-economic-partnership-(pacific-states-interim).
57. ↑ Department for International Trade (14 March 2019). "UK and Pacific Islands sign trade continuity agreement". https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-pacific-islands-sign-trade-continuity-agreement.
58. ↑ Partington, Richard (14 March 2019). "UK signs post-Brexit trade deal with Fiji and Papua New Guinea". https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/14/uk-signs-post-brexit-trade-deal-with-fiji-and-papua-new-guinea.
59. ↑ Department for International Trade (18 February 2019). "UK and Palestinian Authority sign trade continuity agreement". https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-palestinian-authority-sign-trade-continuity-agreement.
60. ↑ Qatar News Agency (6 June 2020). "UK and Palestinian Authority Sign Trade Continuity Agreement". London. https://www.qna.org.qa/en/News-Area/News/2019-02/20/uk-and-palestinian-authority-sign-trade-continuity-agreement.
61. ↑ "UK and Singapore sign new innovative digital trade deal". 25 February 2022. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-singapore-sign-new-innovative-digital-trade-deal.
62. ↑ Ong, Justin (15 June 2022). "UK-Singapore digital economy deal enters into force". Singapore. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/uk-singapore-digital-economy-deal-enters-into-force.
63. ↑ Department for International Trade; Truss, Elizabeth (10 December 2020). "Joint statement by the UK and Singapore". https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-statement-by-the-uk-and-singapore.
64. ↑ Palma, Stefania (10 December 2020). "UK and Singapore sign post-Brexit free trade agreement". Singapore. https://www.ft.com/content/51b7eb87-5812-4765-a483-d50c2c66f130.
65. ↑ "UK and Korea to sign trade continuity deal to ensure businesses are ready to trade post-Brexit". 21 August 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-korea-to-sign-trade-continuity-deal-to-ensure-businesses-are-ready-to-trade-post-brexit.
66. ↑ Jung-a, Song; Rovnick, Naomi; Giles, Chris (10 June 2019). "South Korea agrees deal with UK for post-Brexit trade". Seoul; London. https://www.ft.com/content/4e9e0b5e-8b1f-11e9-a1c1-51bf8f989972.
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68. ↑ "UK agreed trade continuity with 6 African nations". 11 September 2019. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-agreed-trade-continuity-with-six-african-nations.
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91. ↑ Foster, Peter; Uddin, Rafe; Campbell, Peter (26 January 2024). "UK halts talks with Canada on post-Brexit trade deal". London. https://www.ft.com/content/edfb3af5-a32a-4800-8494-1913709be295.
92. ↑ Al-Atrush, Samer; Eastlake, Daisy (20 May 2025). "David Lammy condemns ‘monstrous’ Israeli actions and suspends trade talks". https://www.thetimes.com/world/middle-east/israel-hamas-war/article/uk-starmer-netanyahu-france-canada-sanctions-warning-ht7mmcx3n.
93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 Gareth, Davies (8 December 2021). "﻿Progress with trade negotiations﻿". National Audit Office. https://www.nao.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Progress-with-trade-negotiations.pdf. Retrieved 12 December 2023. "Agreements with Algeria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro had not been signed. DIT remains open to pursuing these agreements and is waiting for further engagement from the other parties."
94. ↑ Tasker, John Paul; McGregor, Janyce (25 January 2024). "U.K. walks away from trade talks with Canada". https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-uk-trade-cheese-1.7094817.
95. ↑ The Canadian Press (25 January 2024). "U.K. walks away from trade talks with Canada". The Canadian Press. Ottawa. https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-uk-trade-cheese-1.7094817.
96. ↑ Huddleston, Nigel (8 June 2023). "Trade Negotiations with Israel, Mexico and Switzerland". https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2023-06-08/debates/23060842000009/TradeNegotiationsWithIsraelMexicoAndSwitzerland.
97. ↑ Smout, Alistair (20 May 2022). "Britain launches free trade deal talks with Mexico". https://www.reuters.com/world/britain-launches-free-trade-deal-talks-with-mexico-2022-05-20/.
98. ↑ 98.0 98.1 98.2 Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `bosnia`
99. ↑ "Negotiations on the UK's Future Trading Relationship with the US: Update". 2 November 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/negotiations-on-the-uks-future-trading-relationship-with-the-us-update--4.
100. ↑ Giordano, Chiara (21 January 2021). "We'll fix US economy before signing trade deals, says Biden's Treasury pick Janet Yellen". The Independent. https://www.the-independent.com/news/world/americas/us-politics/biden-brexit-us-uk-trade-deal-janet-yellen-b1791012.html.
101. ↑ GOV.UK (10 May 2023). "UK launches process to negotiate trade deal with the Republic of Maldives". https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-launches-process-to-negotiate-trade-deal-with-the-republic-of-maldives.
102. ↑ Mereghetti, Matilde (15 July 2023). "Maldives tuna firms optimistic FTA deals with UK, EU will boost exports". https://www.undercurrentnews.com/2023/06/15/maldives-tuna-firms-optimistic-fta-deals-with-uk-eu-will-boost-exports/.
103. ↑ Saraiva, Augusta; Reis, Beatriz; White, Lucy (12 November 2025). "UK, Mercosur Prepare to Launch Trade Talks Amid Tariff Chaos". https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-11-12/uk-mercosur-prepare-to-launch-trade-talks-amid-tariff-chaos.
104. ↑ Vietnam News Agency (2 September 2025). "Negotiations on Thailand-UK FTA set to start". Bangkok. https://en.vietnamplus.vn/negotiations-on-thailand-uk-fta-set-to-start-post325790.vnp.
105. ↑ The Nation (8 December 2024). "Pichai discusses economic cooperation, FTA with UK ambassador". https://www.nationthailand.com/blogs/news/policy/40043966.
106. ↑ Nikkei staff writers (16 December 2025). "Cambodia applies to join CPTPP after US tariff woes". Tokyo. https://asia.nikkei.com/economy/trade/cambodia-applies-to-join-cptpp-after-us-tariff-woes.
107. ↑ BBC News (17 September 2021). "China applies to join key Asia-Pacific trade pact". https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-58579832.
108. ↑ MacSwann, Angus; Richardson, Alex; Porter, Mark (16 September 2021). "China officially applies to join CPTPP trade pact". Beijing. https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-officially-applies-join-cptpp-trade-pact-2021-09-16/.
109. ↑ GOV.UK (7 May 2026). "Costa Rica to join UK as member of £13 trillion global trade bloc". https://www.gov.uk/government/news/costa-rica-to-join-uk-as-member-of-13-trillion-global-trade-bloc.
110. ↑ Martinez, Juan (29 November 2024). "Costa Rica Invited to Join Pacific Trade Powerhouse CPTPP". San Jose. https://www.riotimesonline.com/costa-rica-invited-to-join-pacific-trade-powerhouse-cptpp/.
111. ↑ "Ecuador applies to join CPTPP trade pact". https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/news/20211230_09/.
112. ↑ Miyamoto, Hidetake (29 December 2021). "Ecuador applies for CPTPP membership to diversify trade". São Paulo. https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Trade/Ecuador-applies-for-CPTPP-membership-to-diversify-trade2.
113. ↑ The Strait Times. "Indonesia formally requests to join Trans-Pacific trade pact". Jakarta. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/indonesia-formally-requests-to-join-trans-pacific-trade-pact.
114. ↑ 114.0 114.1 114.2 Kyodo News (26 June 2026). "Trans-Pacific trade bloc eyes PH, Indonesia, UAE". https://globalnation.inquirer.net/328847/trans-pacific-trade-bloc-eyes-ph-indonesia-uae.
115. ↑ 115.0 115.1 Strangio, Sebastian (4 November 2025). "Philippine, UAE Have Applied for CPTPP Membership, Report Claims". https://thediplomat.com/2025/11/philippine-uae-have-applied-for-cptpp-membership-report-claims/.
116. ↑ Central News Agency (22 September 2021). "台灣已申請加入CPTPP 王美花23日對外說明" (in Chinese). https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202109225007.aspx.
117. ↑ Young, Audrey (23 September 2021). "Taiwan follows China and applies to join CPTPP trade pact". https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/taiwan-follows-china-and-applies-to-join-cptpp-trade-pact/SPNKLRXVHHFDD4TLV75B2LZTZM/. "New Zealand's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade has confirmed it has received a formal request from the Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu"
118. ↑ Komiya, Kantaro; Craymer, Lucy (7 July 2023). "Ukraine asks to join CPTPP trade pact". Tokyo. https://www.reuters.com/world/ukraine-has-requested-join-cptpp-trade-pact-japan-minister-says-2023-07-07/.
119. ↑ The Yomiuri Shimbun (7 July 2023). "Ukraine Submits Request to Join CPTPP Trade Pact". https://japannews.yomiuri.co.jp/business/economy/20230707-121149/.
120. ↑ Miyamoto, Hidetake (1 December 2022). "Uruguay applies to join CPTPP in bid for Asian export boost". São Paulo. https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Trade/Uruguay-applies-to-join-CPTPP-in-bid-for-Asian-export-boost.
121. ↑ Garduño, Sofía (21 November 2025). "Uruguay Opens New Negotiation Phase to Join the CPTPP". https://mexicobusiness.news/trade-and-investment/news/uruguay-opens-new-negotiation-phase-join-cptpp.
122. ↑ Department for International Trade (8 August 2019). "Trade with the CARIFORUM States from 1 January 2021". https://www.gov.uk/guidance/summary-of-the-cariforum-uk-economic-partnership-agreement-epa.
123. ↑ "Scrutiny of international agreements: Economic Partnership Agreement with Kenya, Trade in Goods Agreement with Norway and Iceland, and Free Trade Agreement with Vietnam". https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld5801/ldselect/ldintagr/221/22104.htm.
124. ↑ Willems, Michiel (1 March 2021). "New UK-Kenya trade deal to be extended to all of East Africa after threats not to ratify". https://www.cityam.com/uk-kenya-trade-deal-to-be-extended-to-all-of-east-africa-following-threats-not-to-ratify/.
125. ↑ Department of International Trade (March 2019). ﻿Continuing the United Kingdom's trade relationship with the Republic of Fiji and the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ("the Pacific States")﻿ (Report). https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/795433/Continuing-the-uks-trade-relationship-with-pacific-states.pdf. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
126. ↑ Mulhall, Daniel. "A productive triangle: Ireland, the UK and the EU". https://www.dfa.ie/irish-embassy/great-britain/news-and-events/2016/a-productive-triangle-ireland-uk-eu/.
127. ↑ "Ireland - United Kingdom Free Trade Area". http://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=323.
128. ↑ "United Kingdom - Colombia". http://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=1141.
129. ↑ "United Kingdom, Norway and Iceland sign trade continuity agreement". 8 December 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/united-kingdom-norway-and-iceland-sign-trade-continuity-agreement.
130. ↑ Young, Sarah (8 December 2020). "UK, Norway and Iceland sign trade continuity deal". https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-britain-eu-norway-idUKKBN28I1QP.
131. ↑ "United Kingdom - Norway and Iceland". http://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=1104.
132. ↑ 132.0 132.1 "EFTA - Accession of Iceland". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=149.
133. ↑ "Convention establishing the European Free Trade Association". European Free Trade Association. Geneva. https://www.efta.int/sites/default/files/uploads/2024-04/Vaduz_Convention_Agreement_Updated_1_November_2021.pdf.
134. ↑ "European Free Trade Association (EFTA)". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=152.
135. ↑ 135.0 135.1 "EC (10) Enlargement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=137.
136. ↑ 136.0 136.1 "EC (12) Enlargement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=132.
137. ↑ 137.0 137.1 "EU Treaty". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=120.
138. ↑ "EC (9) Enlargement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=145.
139. ↑ 139.0 139.1 "EC (15) Enlargement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=123.
140. ↑ 140.0 140.1 "EC (25) Enlargement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=52.
141. ↑ 141.0 141.1 "EC (27) Enlargement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=6.
142. ↑ 142.0 142.1 "EU (28) Enlargement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=869.
143. ↑ Parker, Jessica; Adler, Katya (1 January 2021). "Brexit: New era for UK as it completes separation from European Union". https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-55502781.
144. ↑ Landler, Mark; Castle, Stephen; Mueller, Benjamin (31 January 2020). "At the Stroke of Brexit, Britain Steps, Guardedly, Into a New Dawn". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/31/world/europe/brexit-britain-leaves-EU.html.
145. ↑ "European Economic Area (EEA)". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=114.
146. ↑ "EC - Türkiye Additional Protocol". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=281.
147. ↑ "EC - Portugal Agreement of 1972". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=266.
148. ↑ "EC - Morocco Association Agreement of 1969". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=260.
149. ↑ "EC - Tunisia Association Agreement of 1969". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=278.
150. ↑ "EC - Egypt Agreement of 1972". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=240.
151. ↑ "EC - Lebanon Agreement of 1972". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=255.
152. ↑ "EC - Algeria Interim Agreement of 1976". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=233.
153. ↑ "EC - Egypt Interim Agreement of 1977". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=242.
154. ↑ "EC - Jordan Interim Agreement of 1977". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=253.
155. ↑ "EC - Lebanon Interim Agreement of 1977". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=257.
156. ↑ "EC - Morocco Interim Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=262.
157. ↑ "EC - Syria Interim Agreement of 1977". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=277.
158. ↑ "EC - Tunisia Interim Agreement of 1976". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=280.
159. ↑ "EEC - Greece Association Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=247.
160. ↑ "EC - Greece Additional Protocol". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=246.
161. ↑ "EC - Portugal Interim Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=267.
162. ↑ "EC - Spain Agreement of 1970". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=275.
163. ↑ "EC - Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of, Interim Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=284.
164. ↑ "EC - Finland Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=245.
165. ↑ "EC - Hungary Interim Agreement of 1991". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=249.
166. ↑ "EC - Poland Interim Agreement of 1991". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=265.
167. ↑ "EC - Austria Agreement of 1972". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=234.
168. ↑ "EC - Sweden Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=276.
169. ↑ "EC - Bulgaria Interim Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=236.
170. ↑ "Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1992058&DocLanguage=en.
171. ↑ "EC - Czech and Slovak Federal Republic Interim Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=238.
172. ↑ "Interim Agreement on Trade and Trade related Matters between the European Economic Community and the European Coal and Steel Community, of the one part, and Romania, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1993002.
173. ↑ "EC - Romania Interim Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=269.
174. ↑ "EC - Türkiye Association Agreement of 1973". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=283.
175. ↑ "EC - Slovenia Cooperation Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=272.
176. ↑ "EC - Faeroe Islands Agreement of 1992". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=244.
177. ↑ "Cooperation Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Republic of Tunisia". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1976012.
178. ↑ "EC - Tunisia Cooperation Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=279.
179. ↑ "Cooperation Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Kingdom of Morocco". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1976011.
180. ↑ "EC - Morocco Cooperation Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=261.
181. ↑ "Agreement between the European Economic Community and the State of Israel". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?docLanguage=en&id=1975004.
182. ↑ "EC - Israel Agreement of 1975". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=251.
183. ↑ "Cooperation Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?docLanguage=en&id=1977006.
184. ↑ "EC - Jordan Cooperation Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=252.
185. ↑ "Cooperation Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Lebanese Republic". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?docLanguage=en&id=1977005.
186. ↑ "EC - Lebanon Cooperation Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=256.
187. ↑ "Agreement establishing an Association between the Republic of Cyprus and the European Economic Community". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1972002.
188. ↑ "EC - Cyprus Association Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=237.
189. ↑ "Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Czech Republic, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1993052.
190. ↑ "EC - Czech Republic Europe Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=239.
191. ↑ "Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Estonia, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1995035.
192. ↑ "EC - Estonia Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=243.
193. ↑ "EC - Hungary Europe Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=248.
194. ↑ "Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Latvia, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1995033.
195. ↑ "EC - Latvia Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=254.
196. ↑ "Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Lithuania, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1995034.
197. ↑ "EC - Lithuania". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=258.
198. ↑ "Agreement establishing an association between the European Economic Community and Malta". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1970001.
199. ↑ "EC - Malta Association Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=259.
200. ↑ "EC - Poland Europe Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=264.
201. ↑ "EC - Slovenia Interim Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=274.
202. ↑ "Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Slovenia, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1995071.
203. ↑ "EC - Slovenia Europe Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=273.
204. ↑ Foreign & Commonwealth Office (12 January 1994). "Europe agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and the Slovak Republic". https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/europe-agreement-establishing-an-association-between-the-european-communities-and-the-slovak-republic.
205. ↑ "EC - Slovak Republic Europe Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=270.
206. ↑ "Cooperation Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Arab Republic of Egypt". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1976010.
207. ↑ "EC - Egypt Cooperation Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=241.
208. ↑ "Cooperation Agreement between the European Economic Community and the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1976010.
209. ↑ "EC - Algeria". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=232.
210. ↑ "Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Bulgaria, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1993009.
211. ↑ "EC - Bulgaria Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=235.
212. ↑ Foreign & Commonwealth Office (27 August 1993). "Europe Agreement establishing an association between the European Communities and Romania: Cm 2292". https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/europe-agreement-establishing-an-association-between-the-european-communities-and-romania-cm-2292.
213. ↑ "EC - Romania Agreement". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=268.
214. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Croatia, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2006040.
215. ↑ "EU - Croatia". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=67.
216. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Albania, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2006040.
217. ↑ "EU - Albania". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=12.
218. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreement between the European Community and its Members States, of the one part, and the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, of the other part". http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2002036.
219. ↑ "EU - Algeria". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=18.
220. ↑ "Agreement in the form of an Exchange of Letters between the European Economic Community and the Principality of Andorra". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1990030.
221. ↑ "EU - Andorra". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=109.
222. ↑ "Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Armenia, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2017024&DocLanguage=en.
223. ↑ "EU - Armenia". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=849.
224. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, of the other part". http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2008023.
225. ↑ "EU - Bosnia and Herzegovina". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=564.
226. ↑ "Interim agreement with a view to an Economic Partnership Agreement between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Central Africa Party, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2008059&DocLanguage=en.
227. ↑ "EU - Cameroon". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=680.
228. ↑ "Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada, of the one part, and the European Union and its Member States, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2016017&DocLanguage=en.
229. ↑ "EU - Canada". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=619.
230. ↑ "Economic Partnership Agreement between the CARIFORUM States, of the one part, and the European Community and its Member States, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2008034&DocLanguage=en.
231. ↑ "EU - CARIFORUM States". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=605.
232. ↑ "Agreement establishing an Association between the European Union and its Member States, on the one hand, and Central America on the other". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2012001&DocLanguage=en.
233. ↑ "EU - Central America". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=676.
234. ↑ "Agreement establishing an Association between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Chile, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2002086.
235. ↑ "EU - Chile (Association Agreement)". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicPreDefRepByStatusInactiveShowCard.aspx?rtaid=33.
236. ↑ "Trade Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Colombia and Peru, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2011057&DocLanguage=en.
237. ↑ "EU - Colombia, Ecuador and Peru". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=692.
238. ↑ "Interim Agreement establishing a framework for an Economic Partnership Agreement between the Eastern and Southern Africa States, on the one part, and the European Community and its Member States, on the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2001033.
239. ↑ "EU - Eastern and Southern Africa States". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=469.
240. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Arab Republic of Egypt, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2001033.
241. ↑ "EU - Egypt". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=44.
242. ↑ "Agreement between the European Community, of the one part, and the Government of Denmark and the Home Government of the Faroe Islands, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1996089.
243. ↑ "EU - Faeroe Islands". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=112.
244. ↑ "Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Georgia, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2014007.
245. ↑ "EU - Georgia". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=848.
246. ↑ "Stepping stone Economic Partnership Agreement between Ghana, of the one part, and the European Community and its Member States, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2008064&DocLanguage=en.
247. ↑ "EU - Ghana". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=1002.
248. ↑ "EU - Iceland". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=143.
249. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the State of Israel, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1995061.
250. ↑ "EU - Israel". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=93.
251. ↑ "Stepping Stone Economic Partnership Agreement between Côte d'Ivoire, of the one part, and the European Community and its Member States, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2008063&DocLanguage=en.
252. ↑ "EU - Côte d'Ivoire". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=623.
253. ↑ "Agreement between the European Union and Japan for an Economic Partnership". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2018022&DocLanguage=en.
254. ↑ "EU - Japan". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=836.
255. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1997126.
256. ↑ "EU - Jordan". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=68.
257. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association between the European Community and its Members States, of the one part, and the Republic of Lebanon, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2002037.
258. ↑ "EU - Lebanon". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=63.
259. ↑ "Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Swiss Confederation". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1972003.
260. ↑ "EU - Switzerland - Liechtenstein". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=144.
261. ↑ "Economic Partnership, Political Coordination and Cooperation Agreement between the European Community and its Member States of the one part, and the United Mexican States, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1997129.
262. ↑ "EU - Mexico". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=73.
263. ↑ "Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Moldova, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2014001.
264. ↑ "EU - Moldova". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=850.
265. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States of the one part, and the Republic of Montenegro, of the other part". http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents-publications/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2007070.
266. ↑ "EU - Montenegro". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=154.
267. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Kingdom of Morocco, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1996003.
268. ↑ "EU - Morocco". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=92.
269. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2001014.
270. ↑ "EU - North Macedonia". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=77.
271. ↑ "COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) No 2960/76 of 22 July 1976 approving the Agreement in the form of an exchange of letters amending Annex A to Protocol 1 to the Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Kingdom of Norway". 7 December 1976. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/1976/2960/pdfs/eur_19762960_adopted_en.pdf.
272. ↑ "EU - Norway". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=142.
273. ↑ "Council Decision 2013/755/EU of 25 November 2013 on the association of the overseas countries and territories with the European Union". 19 December 2013. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:344:0001:0118:EN:PDF.
274. ↑ "EU – Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT)". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=148.
275. ↑ Trevelyan, Anne-Marie (27 January 2022). "UK-Greenland Free Trade Agreement Negotiations". https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2022-01-27/debates/22012735000013/UK-GreenlandFreeTradeAgreementNegotiations.
276. ↑ "Interim Partnership Agreement between the European Community, of the one part, and the Pacific States, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2009024&DocLanguage=en.
277. ↑ "EU - Pacific States". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=759.
278. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Interim Association Agreement on Trade and Cooperation between the European Community, of the one part, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) for the benefit of the Palestinian Authority of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1997014.
279. ↑ "EU - Palestine". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=111.
280. ↑ "Agreement on Cooperation and Customs Union between the European Economic Community and the Republic of San Marino". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1991054.
281. ↑ "EU - San Marino". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=386.
282. ↑ "Stabilisation and Association Agreement between the European Communities and their Member States of the one part, and the Republic of Montenegro, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2007137.
283. ↑ "EU - Serbia". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=712&lang=1&redirect=1.
284. ↑ "Free Trade Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2018028&DocLanguage=en.
285. ↑ "EU - Singapore". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=847.
286. ↑ "Agreement on Trade, Development and Cooperation between the European Community and its Member States, on the one part, and the Republic of South Africa, on the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1999056.
287. ↑ "EU - South Africa". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=91.
288. ↑ "Free Trade Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Korea, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2010036.
289. ↑ "EU - Korea, Republic of". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=167.
290. ↑ "Economic Partnership Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and the SADC EPA States, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2016020&DocLanguage=en.
291. ↑ "EU - SADC". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=897.
292. ↑ "Cooperation Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Syrian Arab Republic". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1977004.
293. ↑ "EU - Syrian Arab Republic". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=138.
294. ↑ "Euro-Mediterranean Agreement establishing an Association between the European Communities and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Tunisia, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=1995041.
295. ↑ "EU - Tunisia". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=107.
296. ↑ "Türkiye". https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/turkiye_en.
297. ↑ "EU - Türkiye". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=118.
298. ↑ "Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other part". https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/documents/treaties-agreements/agreement/?id=2014045.
299. ↑ "EU - Ukraine". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=681.
300. ↑ "Viet Nam". https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/viet-nam_en.
301. ↑ "EU - Viet Nam". https://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicShowMemberRTAIDCard.aspx?rtaid=872.
302. ↑ "Official Statistics: Trade and investment core statistics book". 22 November 2024. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/trade-and-investment-core-statistics-book/trade-and-investment-core-statistics-book#top-and-emerging-partner-countries.

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