Isotopes of iridium

Main isotopes of Chemistry:iridium (77Ir) | Iso­tope | Decay

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| abun­dance | half-life (t1/2) | mode | pro­duct
188Ir  | syn | 1.73 d  | ε | 188Os
189Ir  | syn  | 13.2 d  | ε  | 189Os
190Ir  | syn  | 11.8 d  | ε  | 190Os
191Ir  | 37.3%  | stable
192Ir  | syn  | 73.827 d  | β− | 192Pt
ε  | 192Os
192m2Ir  | syn  | 241 y  | IT | 192Ir
193Ir  | 62.7%  | stable
193mIr  | syn  | 10.5 d  | IT  | 193Ir
194Ir  | syn  | 19.3 h  | β− | 194Pt
194m2Ir  | syn  | 171 d  | IT  | 194Ir
Standard atomic weight Ar, standard(Ir)|

* 192.217(3)[1]

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There are two natural isotopes of iridium (77Ir), 191Ir and 193Ir, both stable. In addition, there are 40 known radioisotopes with mass numbers 164 through 205, the most stable being 192Ir with a half-life of 73.82 days, and many nuclear isomers, the most stable of which is 192m2Ir with a half-life of 241 years. All other nuclides have half-lives under two weeks, most under a day. All isotopes of iridium are either radioactive or observationally stable, meaning that they are predicted to be radioactive but no actual decay has been observed.[2]

The isotope 191Ir was the first one of any element to be shown to present a Mössbauer effect. This renders it useful for Mössbauer spectroscopy for research in physics, chemistry, biochemistry, metallurgy, and mineralogy.[3]

## Contents

* 1 List of isotopes
* 2 Iridium-192
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## List of isotopes

Nuclide
[n 1] | Z | N | Isotopic mass (u)
[n 2][n 3] | Half-life
[n 4] | Decay
mode
[n 5] | Daughter
isotope
[n 6][n 7] | Spin and
parity
[n 8][n 4] | Physics:Natural abundance (mole fraction)

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Excitation energy[n 4] | Normal proportion  | Range of variation
164Ir[n 9][4] | 77  | 87  | 163.99197#(34) | 2014 | <0.5 μs | p?  | 163Os  | 2#  |  |
164mIr  | 260(100) keV | 2014 | 70(10) μs | p (96%)  | 163Os  | (9+)  |  |
α (4%)  | 160mRe
165Ir  | 77  | 88  | 165.98572#(22) | 1997 | 1.20+0.82
−0.74 μs[5] | p  | 164Os  | (1/2+)  |  |
165mIr[4] | ~255 keV | 1997 | 340(40) μs | p (88%)  | 164Os  | (11/2)  |  |
α (12%)  | 161mRe
166Ir  | 77  | 89  | 165.98582#(22) | 1981 | 10.5(22) ms | α (93%)  | 162Re  | (2)  |  |
p (7%)  | 165Os
166mIr  | 171(6) keV | 1997 | 15.1(9) ms | α (98.2%)  | 162Re  | (9)+  |  |
p (1.8%)  | 165Os
167Ir  | 77  | 90  | 166.981672(20) | 1981 | 29.3(6) ms | α (43.5%)  | 163Re  | 1/2+  |  |
p (38.6%)  | 166Os
β+ (17.9%)  | 167Os
167mIr  | 175.5(21) keV | 1997 | 28.5(5) ms | α (89%)  | 163Re  | 11/2  |  |
β+ (11%)  | 167Os
p (0.41%)  | 166Os
168Ir  | 77  | 91  | 167.979961(59) | 1978 | 230(50) ms | α  | 164Re  | (2)-  |  |
168mIr[n 10] | 40(250) keV | 1996 | 163(16) ms | α (77%)  | 164Re  | (9,10)+  |  |
β+?  | 168Os
β+, p?  | 167Re
169Ir  | 77  | 92  | 168.976282(25) | 1978 | 353(4) ms | α (53%)  | 165Re  | (1/2+)  |  |
β+ (47%)  | 169Os
169mIr  | 153(22) keV | 1999 | 280(1) ms | α (79%)  | 165Re  | (11/2)  |  |
β+?  | 169Os
p?  | 168Os
170Ir  | 77  | 93  | 169.97511#(11) | 1977 | 910(150) ms | β+ (94.8%)  | 170Os  | (3)  |  |
α (5.2%)  | 166Re
170mIr[n 10] | 40(50)#keV  | 2002 | 811(18) ms | α (38%)  | 166Re  | (8+)  |  |
β+?  | 170Os
IT?  | 170Ir
171Ir  | 77  | 94  | 170.971646(41) | 1967 | 3.1(3) s | β+ (85%)  | 171Os  | 1/2+  |  |
α (15%)  | 167Re
171mIr  | 164(11)#keV  | 2002 | 1.47(6) s | α (54%)  | 167Re  | (11/2)  |  |
β+?  | 171Os
p?  | 170Os
172Ir  | 77  | 95  | 171.970607(35) | 1967 | 4.4(3) s | β+ (~98%)  | 172Os  | (3,4)  |  |
α (~2%)  | 168Re
172mIr  | 139(10) keV | 1992 | 2.19(7) s | β+ (90.5%)  | 172Os  | (7+)  |  |
α (9.5%)  | 168Re
173Ir  | 77  | 96  | 172.967505(11) | 1967 | 9.0(8) s | β+ (96.5%)  | 173Os  | (1/2+,3/2+)  |  |
α (3.5%)  | 169Re
173mIr  | 226(9) keV | 1992 | 2.20(5) s | β+ (88%)  | 173Os  | 11/2  |  |
α (12%)  | 169Re
174Ir  | 77  | 97  | 173.966950(12) | 1967 | 7.9(6) s | β+ (99.5%)  | 174Os  | (2+,3)  |  |
α (0.5%)  | 170Re
174mIr  | 124(16) keV | 1992 | 4.9(3) s | β+ (97.5%)  | 174Os  | (6,7,8,9)  |  |
α (2.5%)  | 170Re
175Ir  | 77  | 98  | 174.964150(13) | 1967 | 9(2) s | β+ (99.15%)  | 175Os  | (1/2+)  |  |
α (0.85%)  | 171Re
175m1Ir  | 50(40) keV | 2010 | 33(4) s | β+ | 175Os  | 9/2#  |  |
175m2Ir  | 97.4(7) keV | 2019 | 6.58(15) μs | IT  | 175Ir  | (5/2)  |  |
176Ir  | 77  | 99  | 175.9636263(87) | 1967 | 8.7(5) s | β+ (96.9%)  | 176Os  | (3+)  |  |
α (3.1%)  | 172Re
177Ir  | 77  | 100  | 176.961302(21) | 1967 | 29.8(17) s | β+ (99.94%)  | 177Os  | 5/2  |  |
α (0.06%)  | 173Re
177mIr  | 180.9(4) keV | (1991)[n 11] | >100 ns | IT  | 177Ir  | (5/2+)  |  |
178Ir  | 77  | 101  | 177.961079(20) | 1972 | 12(2) s | β+ | 178Os  | 3+#  |  |
179Ir  | 77  | 102  | 178.959118(10) | 1992 | 79(1) s | β+ | 179Os  | (5/2)  |  |
180Ir  | 77  | 103  | 179.959229(23) | 1972 | 1.5(1) min | β+ | 180Os  | (5+)  |  |
181Ir  | 77  | 104  | 180.9576347(56) | 1972 | 4.90(15) min | β+ | 181Os  | 5/2  |  |
181m1Ir  | 289.33(13) keV | 1992 | 298 ns | IT  | 181Ir  | 5/2+  |  |
181m2Ir  | 366.30(22) keV | 1990 | 126(6) ns | IT  | 181Ir  | 9/2  |  |
182Ir  | 77  | 105  | 181.958076(23) | 1961 | 15.0(10) min | β+ | 182Os  | 3+  |  |
182m1Ir  | 71.02(17) keV | 1990 | 170(40) ns | IT  | 182Ir  | (5)+  |  |
182m2Ir  | 176.4(3) keV | 1990 | 130(50) ns | IT  | 182Ir  | (6)  |  |
183Ir  | 77  | 106  | 182.956841(26) | 1961 | 58(5) min | β+ | 183Os  | 5/2  |  |
184Ir  | 77  | 107  | 183.957476(30) | 1960 | 3.09(3) h | β+ | 184Os | 5  |  |
184m1Ir  | 225.65(11) keV | 1988 | 470(30) μs | IT  | 184Ir  | 3+  |  |
184m2Ir  | 328.40(24) keV | 1988 | 350(90) ns | IT  | 184Ir  | 7+  |  |
185Ir  | 77  | 108  | 184.956698(30) | 1958 | 14.4(1) h | β+ | 185Os  | 5/2  |  |
185mIr  | 2197(23) keV | 1979 | 120(20) ns | IT  | 185Ir  | (23/2,25/2)#  |  |
186Ir  | 77  | 109  | 185.957947(18) | 1958 | 16.64(3) h | β+ | 186Os | 5+  |  |
186mIr  | 0.8(4) keV | 1962 | 1.92(5) h | β+ (~75%)  | 186Os | 2  |  |
IT (~25%)  | 186Ir
187Ir  | 77  | 110  | 186.957542(30) | 1958 | 10.5(3) h | β+ | 187Os | 3/2+  |  |
187m1Ir  | 186.16(4) keV | 1963 | 30.3(6) ms | IT  | 187Ir  | 9/2  |  |
187m2Ir  | 433.75(6) keV | 1969 | 152(12) ns | IT  | 187Ir  | 11/2  |  |
187m3Ir  | 2487.7(4) keV | 2010 | 1.8(5) μs | IT  | 187Ir  | 29/2  |  |
188Ir  | 77  | 111  | 187.958835(10) | 1950 | 41.5(5) h | β+ | 188Os | 1  |  |
188mIr  | 964(23) keV | 1971 | 4.15(15) ms | IT  | 188Ir  | 11#  |  |
189Ir  | 77  | 112  | 188.958723(14) | 1955 | 13.2(1) d | EC  | 189Os | 3/2+  |  |
189m1Ir  | 372.17(4) keV | 1963 | 13.3(3) ms | IT  | 189Ir  | 11/2  |  |
189m2Ir  | 2332.8(3) keV | 1975 | 3.7(2) ms | IT  | 189Ir  | 25/2+  |  |
190Ir  | 77  | 113  | 189.9605434(15) | 1947 | 11.7511(20) d[6] | EC  | 190Os | 4  |
β+ (<0.002%)[6]
190m1Ir  | 26.1(1) keV | 1964 | 1.120(3) h | IT  | 190Ir  | 1  |  |
190m2Ir  | 36.154(25) keV | 1996 | >2 μs | IT  | 190Ir  | 4+  |  |
190m3Ir  | 376.4(1) keV | 1950 | 3.087(12) h | EC (91.4%)  | 190Os | 11  |  |
IT (8.6%)  | 190Ir
191Ir  | 77  | 114  | 190.9605915(14) | 1935 | Observationally Stable[n 12] | 3/2+  | 0.373(2) |
191m1Ir  | 171.29(4) keV | 1954 | 4.899(23) s | IT  | 191Ir | 11/2  |  |
191m2Ir  | 2101.0(9) keV | 2012 | 5.7(4) s | IT  | 191Ir | 31/2(+)  |  |
192Ir | 77  | 115  | 191.9626024(14) | 1937 | 73.820(14) d | β− (95.24%)  | 192Pt | 4+  |  |
EC (4.76%)  | 192Os
192m1Ir  | 56.720(5) keV | 1947 | 1.45(5) min | IT (99.98%)  | 192Ir  | 1  |  |
β− (0.0175%)  | 192Pt
192m2Ir  | 168.14(12) keV | 1959 | 241(9) y | IT  | 192Ir  | (11)  |  |
193Ir  | 77  | 116  | 192.9629238(14) | 1935 | Observationally Stable[n 13] | 3/2+  | 0.627(2) |
193m1Ir  | 80.238(6) keV | 1957 | 10.53(4) d | IT  | 193Ir | 11/2  |  |
193m2Ir  | 2278.9(5) keV | 2012 | 124.8(21) μs | IT  | 193Ir | 31/2+  |  |
194Ir  | 77  | 117  | 193.9650757(14) | 1937 | 19.35(7) h | β− | 194Pt | 1  |  |
194m1Ir  | 147.072(2) keV | 1959 | 31.85(24) ms | IT  | 194Ir  | 4+  |  |
194m2Ir  | 370(70) keV | 1968 | 171(11) d | β− | 194Pt | (11)  |  |
195Ir  | 77  | 118  | 194.9659769(14) | 1952 | 2.29(17) h | β− | 195Pt | 3/2+  |  |
195m1Ir  | 100(5) keV | 1968 | 3.74(7) h | β− | 195Pt | 11/2  |  |
195m2Ir  | 2354(6) keV | 2011 | 4.4(6) μs | IT  | 195Ir  | (27/2+)  |  |
196Ir  | 77  | 119  | 195.968400(41) | 1966 | 52.0(11) s | β− | 196Pt | (1,2)  |  |
196mIr  | 210(40) keV | 1967 | 1.40(2) h | β− | 196Pt | 11#  |  |
197Ir  | 77  | 120  | 196.969657(22) | 1952 | 5.8(5) min | β− | 197Pt  | 3/2+  |  |
197m1Ir  | 115(5) keV | (1978)[n 14] | 8.9(3) min | β− | 197Pt  | 11/2  |  |
197m2Ir  | 1700(500)#keV  | 2005 | 30(8) μs | IT  | 197Ir  |  |  |
197m3Ir  | 2800(500)#keV  | 2005 | 15(9) μs | IT  | 197Ir  |  |  |
198Ir  | 77  | 121  | 197.97240#(22) | 1973 | 8.7(4) s | β− | 198Pt | 1  |  |
199Ir  | 77  | 122  | 198.973807(44) | 1993 | 7(5) s | β− | 199Pt  | 3/2+#  |  |
200Ir  | 77  | 123  | 199.97684#(21) | 2008 | 43(6) s | β− | 200Pt  | (2, 3)  |  |
201Ir  | 77  | 124  | 200.97870#(22) | 2008 | 21(5) s | β− | 201Pt  | (3/2+)  |  |
202Ir  | 77  | 125  | 201.98214#(32) | 2008 | 11(3) s | β− | 202Pt  | (2)  |  |
202mIr  | 2600(300)#keV  | 2011 | 3.4(6) μs | IT  | 202Ir  |  |  |
203Ir  | 77  | 126  | 202.98457#(43) | 2011 | 7# s [>300 ns]  |  |  | 3/2+#  |  |
203mIr  | 2140(50)#keV  | 2011 | 798(350) ns | IT  | 203Ir  |  |  |
204Ir  | 77  | 127  | 203.98973#(43) | 2011 | 2# s [>300 ns]  |  |  | 3/2+#  |  |
205Ir  | 77  | 128  | 204.99399#(54) | 2012 | 1# s [>300 ns]  |  |  | 3/2+#  |  |

1. ↑ mIr - Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ↑ ( ) - Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. ↑ # - Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 # - Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
5. ↑ Modes of decay:  EC: | Electron capture

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IT: | Isomeric transition

p: | Proton emission
6. ↑ Bold italics symbol as daughter - Daughter product is nearly stable.
7. ↑ Bold symbol as daughter - Daughter product is stable.
8. ↑ ( ) spin value - Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
9. ↑ Discovery of this isotope is unconfirmed
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
11. ↑ Half-life not measured, not included in discovery database
12. ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 187Re[7][8]
13. ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to 189Re[7]
14. ↑ Only published in a conference proceeding and not a refereed journal

## Iridium-192

Iridium-192 (symbol 192Ir) is a radioactive isotope of iridium, with a half-life of 73.82 days.[9] It decays by emitting beta (β) particles and gamma (γ) radiation. 95.24% of 192Ir decays occur via β- emission, leading to 192Pt; the remaining 4.76% occur via electron capture to 192Os; both modes involve gamma emission. Iridium-192 is normally produced by neutron activation of natural-abundance iridium metal.[10]

Iridium-192 is used in brachytherapy and in industrial radiography, particularly for nondestructive testing of welds in steel in the oil and gas industries.

## See also

Daughter products other than iridium

* Isotopes of platinum
* Isotopes of osmium
* Isotopes of rhenium

## References

1. ↑ Meija, Juris; Coplen, Tyler B.; Berglund, Michael; Brand, Willi A.; De Bièvre, Paul; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Irrgeher, Johanna et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
2. ↑ Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A. et al. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A 55 (8): 140–1–140–7. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. ISSN 1434-601X. Bibcode: 2019EPJA...55..140B.
3. ↑ Chereminisoff, N. P. (1990). Handbook of Ceramics and Composites. CRC Press. p. 424. ISBN 978-0-8247-8006-7.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Drummond, M. C.; O\'Donnell, D.; Page, R. D.; Joss, D. T.; Capponi, L.; Cox, D. M.; Darby, I. G.; Donosa, L. et al. (16 June 2014). "α decay of the π h 11 / 2 isomer in Ir 164" (in en). Physical Review C 89 (6). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.89.064309. ISSN 0556-2813. Bibcode: 2014PhRvC..89f4309D. https://journals.aps.org/prc/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevC.89.064309. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
5. ↑ Hilton, Joshua Ben. "Decays of new nuclides 169Au, 170Hg, 165Pt and the ground state of 165Ir discovered using MARA". University of Liverpool. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2448649087.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Janiak, Ł.; Gierlik, M.; Kosinski, T.; Matusiak, M.; Madejowski, G.; Wronka, S.; Rzadkiewicz, J. (2024). "Half-life of 190Ir". Physical Review C 110 (14306). doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.110.014306. Bibcode: 2024PhRvC.110a4306J.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Danevich, F. A.; Andreotti, E.; Hult, M.; Marissens, G.; Tretyak, V. I.; Yuksel, A. (2012). "Search for α decay of 151Eu to the first excited level of 147Pm using underground γ-ray spectrometry". European Physical Journal A 48 (157): 157. doi:10.1140/epja/i2012-12157-7. Bibcode: 2012EPJA...48..157D.
8. ↑ Belli, P.; Bernabei, R.; Danevich, F. A. et al. (2019). "Experimental searches for rare alpha and beta decays". European Physical Journal A 55 (8): 14011407. doi:10.1140/epja/i2019-12823-2. ISSN 1434-601X. Bibcode: 2019EPJA...55..140B.
9. ↑ "Radioisotope Brief: Iridium-192 (Ir-192)". http://emergency.cdc.gov/radiation/isotopes/iridium.asp.
10. ↑ "Isotope Supplier: Stable Isotopes and Radioisotopes from ISOFLEX - Iridium-192" (in en). https://www.isoflex.com/products/radioisotopes/iridium-isotopes.

## External links

* NLM Hazardous Substances Databank - Iridium, Radioactive (referring to iridium-192)

* v
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