Venera 2MV-2 No.1

2MV-2 No.1

Mission type| Venus flyby
Operator| OKB-1
Harvard designation| 1962 Alpha Phi 1
COSPAR ID| 1962-045A
SATCAT no.| 389
Mission duration| Launch failure
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type| 2MV-2
Manufacturer| OKB-1
Launch mass| 6,500 kilograms (14,300 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date| 12 September 1962, 00:59:13 (1962-09-12UTC00:59:13Z) UTC
Rocket| Molniya 8K78 s/n T103-14
Launch site| Baikonur 1/5
End of mission
Decay date| 14 September 1962 (1962-09-15)
Orbital parameters
Reference system| Geocentric
Regime| Low Earth (achieved)
Heliocentric (intended)
Semi-major axis| 6,550 kilometres (4,070 mi)
Eccentricity| 0.02977
Perigee altitude| 163 kilometres (101 mi)
Apogee altitude| 195 kilometres (121 mi)
Inclination| 64.8 degrees
Period| 88.07 minutes
Epoch| 1962-09-11, 21:40:00 UTC[1]

Venera

<- Venera 2MV-1 No.2

Kosmos 21 ->

Venera 2MV-2 No.1,[2][3] also known as Sputnik 21 in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the Venera programme, and was intended to make a flyby of Venus.[4] Due to a problem with the rocket which launched it, it failed to leave low Earth orbit, and reentered the atmosphere a few days later.[5] It was the second Venera 2MV-2 spacecraft, both of which failed to leave Earth orbit.[3]

## Contents

* 1 Launch
* 2 Spacecraft designation
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Launch

Venera 2MV-2 No.1 was launched at 00:59:13 UTC on 12 September 1962, atop a Molniya 8K78 carrier rocket flying from Site 1/5 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome.[2] The rocket performed nominally until cutoff of the Blok I stage, following injection into a low Earth orbit. Following cutoff, one of the oxidiser valves failed to close, and liquid oxygen was allowed to flow into the combustion chamber of one of the vernier thrusters. The vernier thruster exploded,[6] causing the rocket to tumble out of control. This led to the formation of bubbles in the upper stage oxidiser pump, which caused the upper stage engine to fail less than a second after ignition.[3] It reentered the atmosphere on 14 September 1962, two days after it had been launched.[7]

## Spacecraft designation

The designations Sputnik 25, and later Sputnik 21, were used by the United States Naval Space Command to identify the spacecraft in its Satellite Situation Summary documents, since the Soviet Union did not release the internal designations of its spacecraft at that time, and had not assigned it an official name due to its failure to depart geocentric orbit.[4][8][1]

## See also

* List of missions to Venus

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Sputnik 21". https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1962-045A.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Page. http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Krebs, Gunter. "Venera (2c) (2MV-2 #1)". Gunter's Space Page. http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/venera-2mv-2.htm.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Zak, Anatoly. "Russia's unmanned missions to Venus". RussianSpaecWeb. http://www.russianspaceweb.com/spacecraft_planetary_venus.html.
5. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Venera". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/project/venera.htm.
6. ↑ Wade, Mark. "Soyuz". Encyclopedia Astronautica. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/soyuz.htm.
7. ↑ McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. http://planet4589.org/space/log/satcat.txt.
8. ↑ Robbins, Stuart J. (11 January 2006). "Soviet Craft - Sputnik". Journey Through The Galaxy. http://filer.case.edu/~sjr16/advanced/20th_soviet_sputnik.html.

* v
* t
* e

Venera programme

Flybys|

* Venera 1
* Venera 2

Orbiters|

* Venera 15
* Venera 16

Descent probes|

* Venera 3
* Venera 4
* Venera 5
* Venera 6
* Venera 7

Landers|

* Venera 8
* Venera 9
* Venera 10
* Venera 11
* Venera 12
* Venera 13
* Venera 14

Failed launches|

* Tyazhely Sputnik
* Venera 2MV-1 No.1
* Venera 2MV-1 No.2
* Venera 2MV-2 No.1
* Kosmos 21
* Venera 3MV-1 No.2
* Kosmos 27
* Kosmos 96
* Kosmos 167
* Kosmos 359
* Kosmos 482
* Venera 1964A

Future missions|

* Venera-D

* v
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* e

Orbital launches in 1962

Discoverer 37 | SOLRAD 4 * LOFTI 2A * SECOR * Injun 2 * Surcal 1 | Ranger 3 | TIROS-4 | Mercury-Atlas 6 | FTV-2301 | Discoverer 38 | OSO-1 | Samos 6 | Kosmos 1 | Kosmos 2 | Midas 5 * Westford Drag | FTV-1142 | Ranger 4 | Kosmos 3 | Solrad 4B | Kosmos 4 | Ariel 1 | FTV-2401 | FTV-1125 | ANNA 1A | FTV-1126 | FTV-3501 | Mercury-Atlas 7 (Balloon Subsatellite 1) | FTV-3501 | Kosmos 5 | FTV-1128 | Zenit-2 No.3 | FTV-1127 * OSCAR 2 | FTV-2402 | FTV-2312 | TIROS-5 | FTV-1129 | FTV-1151 | Kosmos 6 | Telstar 1 | FTV-2403 | FTV-1130 | Mariner 1 | FTV-1131 | Kosmos 7 | FTV-1152 | FTV-2404 | Vostok 3 | Vostok 4 | Kosmos 8 | FTV-2502 | Venera 2MV-1 No.1 | Mariner 2 | FTV-1153 | Venera 2MV-1 No.2 | FTV-1132 | Venera 2MV-2 No.1 | FTV-1133 * ERS-2 | TIROS-6 | Kosmos 9 | Alouette 1 * TAVE | FTV-1154 | Explorer 14 | Mercury-Atlas 8 | FTV-1134 | Kosmos 10 | Ranger 5 | Kosmos 11 | Mars 2MV-4 No.1 | 1MS No.2 | STARAD | Explorer 15 | ANNA 1B | Mars 1 | Mars 2MV-3 No.1 | FTV-1136 | FTV-2405 * ERS-1 | FTV-1135 | FTV-1155 | NRL PL120 * Injun 3 * NRL PL121 * Surcal 2 * Calsphere 1 | Relay 1 | FTV-1136 | Explorer 16 | Midas 6 * ERS-3 * ERS-4 | Transit 5A-1 | Kosmos 12

Payloads are separated by bullets ( * ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in bold text. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in italics. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in brackets.

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