Invasive species of New Zealand origin

Short description: none

Some species endemic to New Zealand are causing problems in other countries, similar to the way introduced species in New Zealand cause problems for agriculture and indigenous biodiversity.

## Contents

* 1 Animals
* 2 Plants
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Animals

* The New Zealand mud snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) is an invasive species in many countries and has been present in Europe since 1859.[1]
* The New Zealand flatworm (Arthurdendyus triangulatus) is an invasive species in Europe where it preys on earthworms and degrades soil quality.
* Weka (Gallirallus australis) were introduced to several islands south of New Zealand,[2] including Macquarie Island in the 1870s,[3] where the weka was utilized as a food source.[3][2][4] However, despite their survivability against other predators to islands it is not native to,[3] the weka became a pest by outcompeting prey against native birds,[3] and is claimed to have contributed to the extinction of the Macquarie parakeet and a native species of land rail.[3][4] The weka population in Macquarie Island declined in the 1980s and was fully eradicated in 1988.[4]

## Plants

* Taupata (Coprosma repens), also known as mirror bush, looking-glass bush, New Zealand laurel or shiny leaf, is a weed in Australia, Norfolk Island, South Africa and the U.S. (California and Hawaii).[5]
* Pōhutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa), sometimes called the New Zealand Christmas tree, is an invasive species in South Africa.[6]
* The biddy biddy (Acaena novae-zelandiae) is declared a noxious weed in the American states of Hawaii, California and Oregon.[7] It is also a problem plant in Northumberland.[8]
* New Zealand flax or harakeke (Phormium tenax) is an invasive species in St Helena, some Pacific islands and in Australia.[9]
* Pohuehue (Muehlenbeckia complexa), also called wire vine, mattress vine and several other common names, is naturalised in Western Australia.[10] Although it is a valued garden plant, it can become a pest in suitable climates (e.g. San Francisco's Golden Gate National Recreation Area)[11] if not contained.
* Mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) and kānuka (Kunzea ericoides) were planted in Hawaii during the early 20th century and have infested several islands.[12]
* Ngaio (Myoporum laetum) forms dense thickets in coastal areas of Southern California and Mexico and is therefore a serious weed.[12]

## See also

* Invasive species in New Zealand
* Invasive species of Australian origin

## References

1. ↑ Čejka T.; Dvořák L.; Košel V. (2008). "Present distribution of Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843) (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Slovak Republic". Malacologica Bohemoslovaca 7: 21–25. doi:10.5817/MaB2008-7-21. http://mollusca.sav.sk/pdf/7/7.Cejka.pdf. Retrieved 25 February 2008.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Weka (Gallirallus australis) Recovery Plan 1999 - 2009". NZ Department of Conservation. https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/science-and-technical/tsrp29.pdf.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "Weka". Te Ara Encyclopedia. https://teara.govt.nz/mi/large-forest-birds/page-2.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Macquarie Island World Heritage Area". Parks & Wildlife Service Tasmania. https://parks.tas.gov.au/explore-our-parks/macquarie-island-world-heritage-area.
5. ↑ "Coprosma repens". New Zealand Plant Conservation Network. http://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.aspx?ID=1730. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
6. ↑ "Metrosideros excelsa". South African National Biodiversity Institute. 25 June 2012. http://www.sanbi.org/information/infobases/invasive-alien-plant-alert/metrosideros-excelsa.
7. ↑ "PLANTS Profile for Acaena novae-zelandiae (biddy-biddy)". USDA. https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ACNO7.
8. ↑ Pirri Pirri — A prickly problem
9. ↑ "Phormium tenax (PIER species info)". Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). 9 January 2011. http://www.hear.org/pier/species/phormium_tenax.htm. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
10. ↑ "Muehlenbeckia complexa". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife. https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/browse/profile/16896.
11. ↑ "NRPI - Mattress Wire Weed Control in Golden Gate National Recreational Area (0509)". http://www.ice.ucdavis.edu/nrpi/NRPIDescription.asp?ProjectPK=4786.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Our Native Plant Invaders". Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture. http://www.rnzih.org.nz/pages/NativeWeeds.htm. Retrieved 14 April 2013.

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