Alkali metal oxide

A sample of sodium peroxide.

The alkali metals react with oxygen to form several different compounds: suboxides, oxides, peroxides, superoxides, and ozonides. They all react violently with water.

## Contents

* 1 Alkali metal suboxides
* 2 Alkali metal oxides
* 3 Alkali metal peroxides
* 4 Alkali metal superoxides
* 5 Alkali metal ozonides
* 6 References

## Alkali metal suboxides

Structure of undecacaesium trioxide.

* Hexarubidium monoxide (Rb6O) h
* Nonarubidium dioxide (Rb9O2)
* Caesium monoxide (CsO)
* Tricaesium monoxide (Cs3O) is a dark green solid.
* Tetracaesium monoxide (Cs4O)
* Heptacaesium monoxide (Cs7O)
* Tricaesium dioxide (Cs3O2)
* Heptacaesium dioxide (Cs7O2)
* Undecacaesium trioxide (Cs11O3)
* Undecacaesium monorubidium trioxide (Cs11RbO3)
* Undecacaesium dirubidium trioxide (Cs11Rb2O3)
* Undecacaesium trirubidium trioxide (Cs11Rb3O3)

## Alkali metal oxides

Crystal structure of rubidium oxide.

* Lithium oxide (Li2O) is the lightest alkali metal oxide and a white solid. It melts at 1570 °C.
* Sodium oxide (Na2O) is a white solid that melts at 1132 °C and decomposes at 1950 °C. It is a component of glass.
* Potassium oxide (K2O) is a pale yellow solid that decomposes at 350 °C.
* Rubidium oxide (Rb2O) is a yellow solid that melts at 500 °C.
* Caesium oxide (Cs2O) is a yellow-orange solid that melts at 490 °C.

## Alkali metal peroxides

Crystal structure of sodium peroxide.

* Lithium peroxide (Li2O2) is a white solid that melts at 195 °C. It reacts with carbon dioxide to form lithium carbonate and oxygen.
* Sodium peroxide (Na2O2) is a pale yellow solid that melts at 460 °C and decomposes at 657 °C.
* Potassium peroxide (K2O2) is a yellow solid that melts at 490 °C.
* Rubidium peroxide (Rb2O2) is produced when rubidium stands in air.
* Caesium peroxide (Cs2O2) is produced by the decomposition of caesium oxide above 400 °C.

## Alkali metal superoxides

Crystal structure of potassium superoxide.

* Lithium superoxide (LiO2) has only been isolated in matrix isolation at 15 K.
* Sodium superoxide (NaO2) is a yellow-orange solid that melts at 551.7 °C. It is made by the high-pressure oxidation of sodium peroxide.
* Potassium superoxide (KO2) is a yellow solid that decomposes at 560 °C. It is used as a CO2 scrubber, H2O dehumidifier, and O2 generator in rebreathers, spacecraft, submarines, and spacesuit life support systems.
* Rubidium superoxide (RbO2) is produced when rubidium burns in air.
* Caesium superoxide (CsO2) is produced when caesium burns in air.

## Alkali metal ozonides

* Lithium ozonide (LiO3) is a red solid which is produced from caesium ozonide via an ion-exchange process.
* Sodium ozonide (NaO3) is a red solid which is produced from caesium ozonide via an ion-exchange process.[1]
* Potassium ozonide (KO3) is a dark red solid which is produced when potassium is burned in ozone or exposed to air for years.
* Rubidium ozonide (RbO3) is a dark red solid which is produced when rubidium is burned in ozone.
* Caesium ozonide (CsO3) is a dark red solid which is produced when caesium is burned in ozone.[2]

## References

1. ↑ Klein, W.; Armbruster, K.; Jansen, M. (1998). "Synthesis and crystal structure determination of sodium ozonide". Chemical Communications (6): 707–708. doi:10.1039/a708570b. http://www.rsc.org/delivery/_ArticleLinking/DisplayArticleForFree.cfm?doi=a708570b&JournalCode=CC.
2. ↑ F. A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson "Advanced Inorganic Chemistry", 5th edition (1988), p.462

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