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Judicial vacancies in federal courts • Judicial vacancies during the Trump administration • Federal judges nominated by Donald Trump • Federal judicial appointments by president

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ABA ratings of presidential federal judicial nominees • ABA ratings during the Trump administration • ABA ratings during the Biden administration

During his one term in office, President Joe Biden (D) nominated 252 individuals to federal judgeships on Article III courts. Biden made 241 judicial appointments.[1] Of those appointments, 235 were Article III judges.[2]

On February 28, 2022, President Joe Biden (D) nominated Ketanji Brown Jackson to the United States Supreme Court to replace Justice Stephen Breyer, who announced his intent to retire at the start of the court's summer recess, which typically takes place in late June or early July.[3] The U.S. Senate confirmed Jackson on April 7, 2022, by a vote of 53-47.[4] Click here to read more.

This page provides an overview of the status of federal judicial nominees appointed by President Joe Biden (D). This page also provides additional procedural and historical context about Biden's judicial nominees and the nomination records of previous presidents, including the following information:

* List of judicial nominees;
* Supreme Court nominees appointed by Biden;
* The number of historical judicial appointments made by presidents between 1933 and 2021;

## Contents

* 1 List of judges
* 2 Supreme Court nominees appointed by Biden
* 2.1 Ketanji Brown Jackson
* 3 Historical context
* 3.1 Appointments by current president
* 3.2 Appointments since Theodore Roosevelt
* 4 See also
* 5 External links
* 6 Footnotes

## List of judges[edit]

The following is a table of President Biden's nominations for federal judgeships. Among the most notable of these is Supreme Court justice Ketanji Brown Jackson.

Name  | Nominated to:  | First nomination date  | Hearing date  | Nomination withdrawn  | Confirmation date  | Senate confirmation vote

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Julia Lipez |  |  |  |  |  |
John Truong (District of Columbia) | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | May 14, 2020  |  | February 4, 2021  |  |
John Truong (District of Columbia) | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | March 21, 2024[5] September 2, 2025[6] | June 4, 2024  |  |  |
Tali Farhadian Weinstein | United States District Court for the Southern District of New York  |  |  |  |  |
Frances Tydingco-Gatewood | United States District Court of Guam  |  |  |  |  |
Serena R. Murillo | United States District Court for the Central District of California  | November 18, 2024  | November 20, 2024  |  | December 20, 2024  | 49-47
Benjamin Cheeks | United States District Court for the Southern District of California  | November 18, 2024  | November 20, 2024  |  | December 20, 2024  | 49-47
Sharad Desai | United States District Court for the District of Arizona  | September 9, 2024  | September 25, 2024  |  | November 21, 2024  | 82-12
Elizabeth Coombe | United States District Court for the Northern District of New York  | September 9, 2024  | September 25, 2024  |  | December 4, 2024  | 52-45
Sarah Davenport | United States District Court for the District of New Mexico  | September 9, 2024  | September 25, 2024  |  | December 5, 2024  | 52-45
James Lake | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | July 31, 2024  | November 14, 2024  |  |  |
Nicholas Miranda | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | July 31, 2024  | November 14, 2024  |  |  |
Keli Neary | United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania  | July 31, 2024  | September 25, 2024  |  | December 10, 2024  | 49-48
Tiffany Johnson (Georgia) | United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia  | July 31, 2024  | September 25, 2024  |  | December 9, 2024  | 48-44
Anthony Brindisi | United States District Court for the Northern District of New York  | July 31, 2024  | September 25, 2024  |  | December 4, 2024  | 50-49
Gail Weilheimer | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania  | July 8, 2024  | July 31, 2024  |  | December 3, 2024  | 50-48
Jonathan E. Hawley | United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois  | July 8, 2024  | July 31, 2024  |  | November 13, 2024  | 50-46
Byron Conway | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin  | July 8, 2024  | July 31, 2024  |  | September 25, 2024  | 58-37
Ryan Y. Park | United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit  | July 8, 2024  | July 31, 2024  | December 12, 2024  |  |
Mary Kay Costello | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania  | June 13, 2024  | July 10, 2024  |  | September 17, 2024  | 52-41
Noël Wise | United States District Court for the Northern District of California  | June 13, 2024  | July 10, 2024  |  | December 11, 2024  | 50-47
Laura Provinzino | United States District Court for the District of Minnesota  | June 13, 2024  | July 10, 2024  |  | September 12, 2024  | 54-41
James Simmons (Southern District of California) | United States District Court for the Southern District of California  | July 14, 2022  | November 30, 2022  |  |  |
Mary Kay Lanthier | United States District Court for the District of Vermont  | June 4, 2024  | June 20, 2024  |  | September 11, 2024  | 55-42
Catherine Henry | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania  | June 4, 2024  | June 20, 2024  |  | December 3, 2024  | 50-48
Karla Campbell | United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit  | June 4, 2024  | June 20, 2024  |  |  |
Benjamin Guider | United States Tax Court  | May 9, 2024  | July 10, 2024  |  | September 25, 2024  | Voice vote
Cathy Fung | United States Tax Court  | May 9, 2024  | July 10, 2024  |  | November 14, 2024  | 59-37
Jeffrey Arbeit | United States Tax Court  | May 9, 2024  | July 10, 2024  |  | September 25, 2024  | Voice vote
Meredith Vacca | United States District Court for the Western District of New York  | May 14, 2024  | June 5, 2024  |  | July 31, 2024  | 50-41
Joseph Saporito | United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania  | May 14, 2024  | June 5, 2024  |  | July 31, 2024  | 53-39
Adam Abelson | United States District Court for the District of Maryland  | May 14, 2024  | June 5, 2024  |  | September 10, 2024  | 53-43
Embry Kidd | United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit  | May 14, 2024  | June 5, 2024  |  | November 18, 2024  | 49-45
Sarah Netburn | United States District Court for the Southern District of New York  | April 30, 2024  | May 22, 2024  |  |  |
Anne Hwang | United States District Court for the Central District of California  | April 30, 2024  | May 22, 2024  |  | December 2, 2024  | 48-43
Michelle Williams Court | United States District Court for the Central District of California  | April 30, 2024  | May 22, 2024  |  | September 18, 2024  | 49-44
Cynthia Valenzuela | United States District Court for the Central District of California  | April 30, 2024  | May 22, 2024  |  | December 10, 2024  | 49-47
April Perry | United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois  | July 11, 2024  | July 31, 2024  |  | November 12, 2024  | 51-44
Stacey Neumann | United States District Court for the District of Maine  | April 30, 2024  | May 22, 2024  |  | July 30, 2024  | 50-43
Danna Jackson | United States District Court for the District of Montana  | April 30, 2024  |  |  |  |
Carmen Iguina González | District of Columbia Court of Appeals  | April 18, 2024  | July 25, 2024  |  |  |
Joseph Palmore | District of Columbia Court of Appeals  | April 18, 2024  | July 25, 2024  |  |  |
Kevin Ritz | United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit  | March 21, 2024  | April 17, 2024  |  | September 16, 2024  | 48-46
Brian Murphy (Massachusetts) | United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts  | March 21, 2024  | April 17, 2024  |  | December 2, 2024  | 47-45
Rahkel Bouchet | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | March 21, 2024  | June 4, 2024  |  |  |
Rebecca Pennell | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington  | March 21, 2024  | April 17, 2024  |  | November 20, 2024  | 50-48
Jeannette Vargas | United States District Court for the Southern District of New York  | March 21, 2024  | April 17, 2024  |  | September 10, 2024  | 51-43
Detra Shaw-Wilder | United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida  | March 21, 2024  |  |  |  |
John Truong | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | September 2, 2025  | October 23, 2025  |  |  |
Sparkle Sooknanan | United States District Court for the District of Columbia  | February 27, 2024  | March 20, 2024  |  | December 3, 2024  | 50-48
Angela Martinez (Arizona) | United States District Court for the District of Arizona  | February 27, 2024  | March 20, 2024  |  | May 22, 2024  | 66-28
Krissa Lanham | United States District Court for the District of Arizona  | February 27, 2024  | March 20, 2024  |  | May 21, 2024  | 66-26
Georgia Alexakis | United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois  | February 27, 2024  | March 20, 2024  |  | May 1, 2024  | 54-44
Dena Coggins | United States District Court for the Eastern District of California  | February 8, 2024  | March 6, 2024  |  | May 22, 2024  | 50-44
Sanket Bulsara | United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York  | February 8, 2024  | March 6, 2024  |  | May 15, 2024  | 51-42
Camela Theeler | United States District Court for the District of South Dakota  | February 8, 2024  | March 6, 2024  |  | May 16, 2024  | 90-4
Eric Schulte | United States District Court for the District of South Dakota  | February 8, 2024  | March 6, 2024  |  | May 15, 2024  | 61-33
Leon Schydlower | United States District Court for the Western District of Texas  | January 10, 2024  | January 24, 2024  | February 7, 2024  | March 22, 2024  | 90-8
Rose Jenkins | United States Tax Court  | February 3, 2024  | June 4, 2024  |  | September 23, 2024  | 69-17
Adam Landy | United States Tax Court  | February 3, 2024  | June 4, 2024  |  | July 29, 2024  | 73-13
Kashi Way | United States Tax Court  | February 3, 2024  | June 4, 2023  |  | July 25, 2024  | 79-16
Rebecca Kanter | United States District Court for the Southern District of California  | February 1, 2024  |  |  |  |
Jasmine Yoon | United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia  | February 1, 2024  | February 8, 2024  |  | March 12, 2024  | 55-41
Robert White (Michigan) | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan  | February 1, 2024  | February 8, 2024  |  | April 9, 2024  | 58-42
Sunil Harjani | United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois  | February 1, 2024  | February 8, 2024  |  | March 12, 2024  | 53-46
Amir Ali | United States District Court for the District of Columbia  | February 1, 2024  | February 8, 2024  |  | November 20, 2024  | 50-49
Melissa DuBose | United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island  | February 1, 2024  | February 8, 2024  |  | March 12, 2024  | 51-47
Ernesto Gonzalez (Texas) | United States District Court for the Western District of Texas  | January 10, 2024  | January 24, 2024  | February 7, 2024  | March 22, 2024  | 88-7
Susan Bazis | United States District Court for the District of Nebraska  | January 10, 2024  | January 24, 2024  |  | April 9, 2024  | 78-21
Ann Marie McIff Allen | United States District Court for the District of Utah  | January 10, 2024  | January 24, 2024  |  | April 10, 2024  | 100-0
Kelly H. Rankin | United States District Court for the District of Wyoming  | January 10, 2024  | January 24, 2024  |  | March 7, 2024  | Voice vote
Robin M. Meriweather | United States Court of Federal Claims  | January 10, 2024  | January 24, 2024  |  | July 11, 2024  | 52-39
Gretchen Hess Lund | United States District Court for the Northern District of Indiana  | November 27, 2023  | December 13, 2023  |  | January 25, 2024  | 87-6
Ray McKenzie (Washington D.C.) | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | November 27, 2023  | June 4, 2024  |  |  |
Erin Johnston | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | November 27, 2023  | June 4, 2024  |  |  |
Sherri Beatty-Arthur | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | November 27, 2023  | June 4, 2024  |  |  |
Cristal Brisco | United States District Court for the Northern District of Indiana  | November 27, 2023  | December 13, 2023  |  | January 24, 2024  | 67-32
Amy Baggio | United States District Court for the District of Oregon  | November 27, 2023  | December 13, 2023  |  | February 6, 2024  | 54-44
Adeel Mangi | United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit  | November 27, 2023  | December 13, 2023  |  |  |
Nicole Berner | United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit  | November 27, 2023  | December 13, 2023  |  | March 19, 2024  | 50-47
Jacqueline Becerra | United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida  | November 6, 2023  | November 29, 2023  |  | February 27, 2024  | 56-40
Jacquelyn Austin | United States District Court for the District of South Carolina  | November 6, 2023  | November 29, 2023  |  | January 24, 2024  | 80-17
Julie Sneed | United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida  | November 6, 2023  | November 29, 2023  |  | February 28, 2024  | 54-44
David Leibowitz (Florida) | United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida  | November 6, 2023  | November 29, 2023  |  | February 27, 2024  | 64-33
Melissa Damian | United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida  | November 6, 2023  | November 29, 2023  |  | February 28, 2024  | 77-20
Sara Hill | United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma  | October 24, 2023  | November 15, 2023  |  | December 19, 2023  | 52-14
John Russell (Oklahoma) | United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma  | October 24, 2023  | November 15, 2023  |  | December 19, 2023  | Voice vote
Sarah Russell | United States District Court for the District of Connecticut  | October 4, 2023  | November 1, 2023  |  | November 19, 2024  | 50-44
Edward Kiel | United States District Court for the District of New Jersey  | October 4, 2023  | November 1, 2023  |  | March 20, 2024  | 50-49
Seth Aframe | United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit  | October 4, 2023, January 8, 2024  | November 1, 2023  |  | May 20, 2024  | 49-40
Shanlyn A. S. Park | United States District Court for the District of Hawaii  | September 27, 2023  | October 4, 2023  |  | November 30, 2023  | 53-45
Mustafa Kasubhai | United States District Court for the District of Oregon  | September 18, 2023  | October 4, 2023  |  | November 19, 2024  | 51-44
Kirk Sherriff | United States District Court for the Eastern District of California  | November 15, 2023  | November 29, 2023  |  | January 31, 2024  | 54-45
Jamel Semper | United States District Court for the District of New Jersey  | September 18, 2023  | October 4, 2023  |  | November 29, 2023  | 54-44
John Kazen | United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas  | September 11, 2023  | October 4, 2023  |  | January 9, 2024  | 83-14
Ramona V. Manglona | United States District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands  | September 11, 2023  | November 15, 2023  |  | April 16, 2024  | 96-2
Micah Smith (Hawaii) | United States District Court for the District of Hawaii  | September 11, 2023  | October 4, 2023  |  | November 29, 2023  | 57-41
Colleen Holland | United States District Court for the Western District of New York  | September 11, 2023  |  | January 9, 2024  |  |
Richard Federico | United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit  | July 27, 2023  | September 6, 2023  |  | December 11, 2023  | 61-29
Joshua Kolar | United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit  | July 27, 2023  | September 6, 2023  |  | January 30, 2024  | 66-25
Eumi Lee | United States District Court for the Northern District of California  | July 27, 2023  | September 6, 2023  |  | March 20, 2024  | 50-49
Jeffrey M. Bryan | United States District Court for the District of Minnesota  | July 27, 2023  | September 6, 2023  |  | November 28, 2023  | 49-46
Lisa Wang | United States Court of International Trade  | July 11, 2023  | July 26, 2023  |  | February 1, 2024  | 53-42
Joseph Laroski | United States Court of International Trade  | July 11, 2023  | July 26, 2023  |  | February 5, 2024  | 76-0
Charles Willoughby | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | July 11, 2023 (first), January 3, 2024 (second)  | September 21, 2023  |  | July 10, 2024  | 50-43
Judith Pipe | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | July 11, 2023 (first), January 3, 2024 (second)  | September 21, 2023  |  | June 5, 2024  | 55-38
Katherine E. Oler | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | July 11, 2023 (first), January 3, 2024 (second)  |  |  | June 18, 2024  | 52-42
Jennifer Hall | United States District Court for the District of Delaware  | July 11, 2023  | July 26, 2023  |  | October 17, 2023  | 67-29
Karoline Mehalchick | United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania  | July 11, 2023  | July 26, 2023  |  | January 31, 2024  | 50-49
Brandy McMillion | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan  | July 11, 2023  | July 26, 2023  |  | November 9, 2023  | 53-42
Margaret Garnett | United States District Court for the Southern District of New York  | July 11, 2023  | July 26, 2023  |  | November 28, 2023  | 49-46
Kenechukwu Okocha | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | June 8, 2023 (first), January 3, 2024 (second)  | September 7, 2023  |  |  |
Philip Hadji | United States Court of Federal Claims  | June 8, 2023  | July 12, 2023  |  | September 21, 2023  | Voice vote
Brandon Long (Louisiana) | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana  | June 8, 2023  | July 12, 2023  |  | December 14, 2023  | 64-22
Jerry Edwards Jr. | United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana  | June 8, 2023  | July 12, 2023  |  | December 14, 2023  | 66-24
Loren AliKhan (District of Columbia) | District of Columbia Court of Appeals  | September 30, 2021  | December 2, 2021  |  | February 8, 2022  | 55-41
Susan DeClercq | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan  | May 4, 2023  | June 7, 2023  |  | October 4, 2023  | 52-42
Vernon D. Oliver | United States District Court for the District of Connecticut  | May 4, 2023  | June 7, 2023  |  | September 19, 2023  | 53-44
Julia Munley | United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania  | May 4, 2023  | June 7, 2023  |  | October 17, 2023  | 52-45
Irma Ramirez | United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit  | April 17, 2023  | May 17th, 2023  |  | December 4, 2023  | 80-12
Ana de Alba (California) | United States District Court for the Eastern District of California  | January 19, 2022  | April 27, 2022  |  | June 21, 2022  | 53-45
Jabari Wamble (U.S. Court of Appeals) | United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit  | September 6, 2022  |  |  |  |
Jeremy Daniel | United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois  | March 21, 2023  | April 18, 2023  |  | May 17, 2023  | 56 - 40
Brendan Hurson | United States District Court for the District of Maryland  | March 21, 2023  | April 18, 2023  |  | October 4, 2023  | 53-44
Tanya Jones Bosier | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | March 21, 2023 (first), January 3, 2024 (second)  | September 7, 2023  |  | June 4, 2024  | 57-41
Danny Nguyen (District of Columbia) | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | March 21, 2023 (first), January 3, 2024 (second)  | September 7, 2023  |  | July 10, 2024  | Voice vote
Darrel Papillion | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana  | March 21, 2023  | April 18, 2023  |  | May 30, 2023  | 59-31
Matthew Maddox | United States District Court for the District of Maryland  | March 21, 2023  | July 12, 2023  |  | October 31, 2023  | 54-40
S. Kato Crews | United States District Court for the District of Colorado  | February 27, 2023  | March 22, 2023  |  | January 10, 2024  |
Molly Silfen | United States Court of Federal Claims  | February 27, 2023  | March 22, 2023  |  | June 8, 2023  | 55-39
Matthew Brookman | United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana  | January 3, 2023  | January 25, 2023  |  | March 29, 2023  | Voice vote
Amanda Brailsford | United States District Court for the District of Idaho  | January 31, 2023  | March 22, 2023  |  | May 4, 2023  | Voice vote
Michael Delaney (New Hampshire) | United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit  | January 31, 2023  | February 15, 2023  | May 30, 2023  |  |
Wesley Hsu | United States District Court for the Central District of California  | January 23, 2023  | February 15, 2023  |  | May 3, 2023  | 53 - 43
Jeffrey Cummings | United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois  | January 31, 2023  | February 15, 2023  |  | September 12, 2023  | 50-45
LaShonda A. Hunt | United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois  | January 31, 2023  | February 15, 2023  |  | May 4, 2023  | 56 - 41
Mónica Ramírez Almadani | United States District Court for the Central District of California  | January 23, 2023  | February 15, 2023  |  | November 9, 2023  | 51-44
Robert Kirsch | United States District Court for the District of New Jersey  | January 3, 2023  | January 25, 2023  |  | May 2, 2023  | 57 - 42
Marian Gaston | United States District Court for the Southern District of California  | January 23, 2023  | February 15, 2023  | January 11, 2024  |  |
Michael Farbiarz | United States District Court for the District of New Jersey  | January 3, 2023  | January 25, 2023  |  | May 2, 2023  | 65-34
Scott Colom | United States District Court for the Northern District of Mississippi  | November 15, 2022  |  |  |  |
P. Casey Pitts | United States District Court for the Northern District of California  | September 6, 2022  | December 13, 2022  |  | June 14, 2023  | 53-46
Florence Pan | United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit  | May 25, 2022  | June 22, 2022  |  | September 20, 2022  | 52-42
Orelia Merchant | United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York  | September 6, 2022  | January 25, 2023  |  | May 3, 2023  | 51-48
Ramon Reyes, Jr. | United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York  | September 6, 2022  | November 30, 2022  |  | November 8, 2023  | 51-48
Arun Subramanian | United States District Court for the Southern District of New York  | September 6, 2022  | December 13, 2022  |  | March 7, 2023  | 59 - 37
Colleen Lawless | United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois  | September 6, 2022  | November 15, 2022  |  | March 2, 2023  | 51 - 41
Gordon Gallagher | United States District Court for the District of Colorado  | September 6, 2022  | December 13, 2022  |  | March 22, 2023  | 53-43
Jonathan Grey | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan  | September 6, 2022  | November 30, 2022  |  | March 2, 2023  | 49 - 42
Charnelle Bjelkengren | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington  | September 19, 2022  | January 25, 2023  | January 9, 2024  |  | Voice vote
Anthony Johnstone | United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit  | September 6, 2022  | October 12, 2022  |  | May 1, 2023  | 49 - 45
Jabari Wamble | United States District Court for the District of Kansas  | February 27, 2023  |  | May 30, 2023  |  |
DeAndrea G. Benjamin | United States Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit  | September 6, 2022  | November 15, 2022  |  | February 9, 2023  | 53-44
Rita Lin | United States District Court for the Northern District of California  | August 1, 2022  | November 30, 2022  |  | September 19, 2023  | 52-45
Myong Joun | United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts  | August 1, 2022  | November 15, 2022  |  | July 12, 2023  | 52-46
Jeffery P. Hopkins | United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio  | August 1, 2022  | October 12, 2022  |  | December 8, 2022  | 64-32
Todd E. Edelman | United States District Court for the District of Columbia  | September 27, 2022  | November 15, 2022  |  |  |
Maria Araujo Kahn | United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit  | August 1, 2022  | September 21, 2022  |  | March 9, 2023  | 51-42
Daniel Calabretta | United States District Court for the Eastern District of California  | August 1, 2022  | October 12, 2022  |  | February 16, 2023  | 51 - 45
Araceli Martínez-Olguín | United States District Court for the Northern District of California  | August 1, 2022  | September 21, 2022  |  | February 28, 2023  | 49-48
Julia Kobick | United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts  | August 1, 2022  | November 30, 2022  |  | November 7, 2023  | 52-46
Julie Rikelman | United States Court of Appeals for the 1st Circuit  | August 1, 2022  | September 21, 2022  |  | June 20, 2023  | 51-43
Veronica Sanchez (Washington, D.C.) | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | July 14, 2022  | September 21, 2022  |  | December 15, 2022  | Voice vote
Laura Crane | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | July 14, 2022  | September 21, 2022  |  | December 15, 2022  | Voice vote
Vijay Shanker | District of Columbia Court of Appeals  | July 14, 2022  | September 21, 2022  |  | December 15, 2022  | Voice vote
James Simmons (California) | United States District Court for the Southern District of California  | January 23, 2023  | February 9, 2023  |  | March 9, 2023  | 51-43
Andrew Schopler | United States District Court for the Southern District of California  | July 14, 2022  | December 13, 2022  |  | March 7, 2023  | 56 - 39
Adrienne Nelson | United States District Court for the District of Oregon  | July 14, 2022  | October 12, 2022  |  | February 15, 2023  | 52 - 46
Lindsay Jenkins | United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois  | September 19, 2022  | October 12, 2022  |  | February 14, 2023  | 59 - 40
Matthew Garcia | United States District Court for the District of New Mexico  | July 14, 2022  | October 12, 2022  |  | February 14, 2023  | 53 - 46
Robert Ballou | United States District Court for the Western District of Virginia  | July 13, 2022  | November 15, 2022  |  | March 7, 2023  | 59 - 37
Margaret R. Guzman | United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts  | July 13, 2022  | September 21, 2022  |  | March 1, 2023  | 49-48
Jamar Walker | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia  | July 13, 2022  | September 21, 2022  |  | February 28, 2023  | 52-41
Jamal Whitehead | United States District Court for the Western District of Washington  | July 13, 2022  | September 21, 2022  |  | February 28, 2023  | 51-43
Kymberly Evanson | United States District Court for the Western District of Washington  | July 13, 2022  | November 15, 2022  |  | July 11, 2023  | 50-42
Jorge Alberto Rodriguez | United States District Court for the Northern District of New York  | July 13, 2022  |  |  |  |
Cindy Chung | United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit  | July 12, 2022  | September 7, 2022  |  | February 13, 2023  | 50 - 44
John Frank Murphy | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania  | July 12, 2022  | September 7, 2022  |  | December 7, 2022  | 63-28
Kai Scott | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania  | July 12, 2022  | September 7, 2022  |  | December 7, 2022  | 50-42
Kelley Hodge | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania  | July 12, 2022  | September 7, 2022  |  | December 6, 2022  | 52-44
Mia Roberts Perez | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania  | July 12, 2022  | September 7, 2022  |  | December 7, 2022  | 52-43
Tamika Montgomery-Reeves | United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit  | July 11, 2022  | September 7, 2022  |  | December 12, 2022  | 53-35
Frances Kay Behm | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan  | July 11, 2022  | July 27, 2022  |  | December 6, 2022  | 49-47
Jerry Blackwell | United States District Court for the District of Minnesota  | June 15, 2022  | July 27, 2022  |  | December 7, 2022  | 51-43
Camille Vélez-Rivé | United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico  | June 15, 2022  | July 13, 2022  |  | November 30, 2022  | 55 - 42
Gina Méndez-Miró | United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico  | June 15, 2022  | July 13, 2022  |  | February 14, 2023  | 54 - 45
María Antongiorgi-Jordán | United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico  | June 15, 2022  | July 13, 2022  |  | November 15, 2022  | 55-43
Dana Douglas | United States Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit  | June 15, 2022  | July 27, 2022  |  | December 13, 2022  | 65 - 31
Bradley Garcia | United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit  | June 15, 2022  | July 27, 2022  |  | May 15, 2023  | 53-40
Roopali Desai | United States Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit  | June 15, 2022  | July 13, 2022  |  | August 4, 2022  | 67-29
Florence Pan (District of Columbia) | United States District Court for the District of Columbia  | June 15, 2021  | July 14, 2021  |  | September 23, 2021  | 68-30
Doris Pryor | United States Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit  | May 25, 2022  | July 13, 2022  |  | December 5, 2022  | 60-31
Rachel Bloomekatz | United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit  | May 25, 2022  | June 22, 2022  |  | July 18, 2023  | 50-48
Ana Reyes | United States District Court for the District of Columbia  | May 19, 2022  | June 22, 2022  |  | February 15, 2023  | 51 - 47
Anne Nardacci | United States District Court for the Northern District of New York  | May 19, 2022  | July 27, 2022  |  | November 30, 2022  | 52-44
Elizabeth Hanes | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia  | May 19, 2022  | June 22, 2022  |  | August 2, 2022  | 59-37
Lara Montecalvo | United States Court of Appeals for the 1st Circuit  | May 19, 2022  | May 25, 2022  |  | September 14, 2022  | 52-47
Sarah A.L. Merriam (Connecticut) | United States District Court for the District of Connecticut  | June 15, 2021  | July 14, 2021  |  | October 6, 2021  | 54-46
Gregory Williams (Delaware) | United States District Court for the District of Delaware  | April 25, 2022  | May 11, 2022  |  | July 20, 2022  | 52-43
Nancy Maldonado | United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit  | February 27, 2024  | March 20, 2024  |  | July 8, 2024  | 47-43
Stephen Locher | United States District Court for the Southern District of Iowa  | April 25, 2022  | May 11, 2022  |  | July 14, 2022  | Voice vote
Sal Mendoza, Jr. | United States Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit  | April 25, 2022  | May 11, 2022  |  | September 12, 2022  | 46-40
John Z. Lee (United States Court of Appeals judge) | United States Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit  | April 25, 2022  | May 11, 2022  |  | September 7, 2022  | 50-44
Ketanji Brown Jackson (District of Columbia) | United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit  | April 19, 2021  | April 28, 2021  |  | June 14, 2021  | 53-44
Stephanie Dawkins Davis | United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit  | February 2, 2022  | March 2, 2022  |  | May 24, 2022  | 49-43
Lauren King | United States District Court for the Western District of Washington  | May 12, 2021  | June 9, 2021  |  | October 5, 2021  | 55-44
Tana Lin | United States District Court for the Western District of Washington  | April 29, 2021  | June 9, 2021  |  | October 21, 2021  | 52-45
Natasha Merle | United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York  | January 19, 2022  | April 27, 2022  |  | June 21, 2023  | 50-49
Nusrat Choudhury | United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York  | January 19, 2022  | April 27, 2022  |  | June 15, 2023  | 50-49
Jennifer Rearden | United States District Court for the Southern District of New York  | January 19, 2022  | March 2, 2022  |  | September 8, 2022  | Voice vote
Nina Nin-Yuen Wang | United States District Court for the District of Colorado  | January 19, 2022  | May 25, 2022  |  | July 19, 2022  | 58-36
Robert Huie | United States District Court for the Southern District of California  | January 19, 2022  | March 2, 2022  |  | June 9, 2022  | 51-46
Ana de Alba | United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit  | April 17, 2023  | May 17, 2023  |  | November 13, 2023  | 48-43
Tiffany Cartwright | United States District Court for the Western District of Washington  | January 19, 2022  | May 25, 2022  |  | July 12, 2023  | 50-47
Arianna Freeman | United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit  | January 19, 2022  | March 2, 2022  |  | September 29, 2022  | 50-47
Nancy Gbana Abudu | United States Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit  | January 10, 2022  | April 27, 2022  |  | May 18, 2023  | 49-47
J. Michelle Childs | United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit  | January 10, 2022  | April 27, 2022  |  | July 19, 2022  | 64-34
Fred W. Slaughter | United States District Court for the Central District of California  | December 15, 2021  | January 12, 2022  |  | March 17, 2022  | 57-41
Kenly Kiya Kato | United States District Court for the Central District of California  | December 15, 2021  | February 1, 2022  |  | November 7, 2023  | 51-46
Sunshine S. Sykes | United States District Court for the Central District of California  | December 15, 2021  | February 1, 2022  |  | May 18, 2022  | 51-45
Sherilyn P. Garnett | United States District Court for the Central District of California  | December 15, 2021  | February 16, 2022  |  | April 27, 2022  | 62-33
Nina Morrison | United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York  | December 15, 2021  | February 16, 2022  |  | June 8, 2022  | 53-46
Hector Gonzalez (New York) | United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York  | December 15, 2021  | January 12, 2022  |  | March 23, 2022  | 52-45
Jennifer Rochon | United States District Court for the Southern District of New York  | December 15, 2021  | February 1, 2022  |  | May 18, 2022  | 51-47
Jessica Clarke | United States District Court for the Southern District of New York  | December 15, 2021  | January 12, 2022  |  | March 16, 2023  | 48-43
William Pocan | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Wisconsin  | December 15, 2021  |  |  |  |
Errol R. Arthur | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | December 15, 2021  | July 12, 2022  |  | December 15, 2022  | Voice vote
Leslie Meek | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | December 15, 2021  | September 21, 2022  |  | December 15, 2022  | Voice vote
Carl Ross | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | December 15, 2021  | July 12, 2022  |  | December 15, 2022  | Voice vote
Clare E. Connors | United States District Court for the District of Hawaii  | September 8, 2015  | January 27, 2016  |  |  |
M. Tia Johnson | United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces  | January 7, 2022  | March 22, 2022  |  | December 15, 2022  | 76-20
Andre Mathis | United States Court of Appeals for the 6th Circuit  | November 18, 2021  | January 12, 2022  |  | September 8, 2022  | 48-47
Alison J. Nathan | United States Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit  | November 18, 2021  | December 15, 2021  |  | March 23, 2022  | 49-47
Kendra Briggs | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | November 3, 2021  | July 12, 2022  |  | December 15, 2022  | Voice vote
Anne Traum | United States District Court for the District of Nevada  | November 3, 2021  | December 15, 2021  |  | March 23, 2022  | 49-47
Cristina Silva | United States District Court for the District of Nevada  | November 3, 2021  | December 15, 2021  |  | March 23, 2022  | 50-46
Ruth Bermudez Montenegro | United States District Court for the Southern District of California  | November 3, 2021  | December 15, 2021  |  | March 22, 2022  | 55-41
Trina Thompson | United States District Court for the Northern District of California  | November 3, 2021  | February 16, 2022  |  | May 18, 2022  | 51-44
Jacqueline Scott Corley | United States District Court for the Northern District of California  | November 3, 2021  | December 1, 2021  |  | March 17, 2022  | 63-36
Georgette Castner | United States District Court for the District of New Jersey  | November 3, 2021  | December 15, 2021  |  | March 31, 2022  | 52-47
Leonard Stark | United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit  | November 3, 2021  | December 1, 2021  |  | February 9, 2022  | 61-35
Julie Rubin | United States District Court for the District of Maryland  | November 3, 2021  | December 15, 2021  |  | March 23, 2022  | 51-46
Evelyn Padin | United States District Court for the District of New Jersey  | December 15, 2021  | March 2, 2022  |  | May 25, 2022  | 51-43
Armando Omar Bonilla (Court of Federal Claims) | United States Court of Federal Claims  | July 13, 2021  |  | October 5, 2021  |  |
D.W. Tunnage | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | September 30, 2021  | November 18, 2021  |  | February 7, 2022  | 54-39
Ebony Scott | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | September 30, 2021  | November 18, 2021  |  | February 7, 2022  | 55-38
Adrienne Noti | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | September 30, 2021  | December 2, 2021  |  | March 7, 2024  | 51-45
Loren AliKhan | United States District Court for the District of Columbia  | May 4, 2023  | June 7, 2023  |  | December 5, 2023  | 51-50
David A. Ruiz (Ohio) | United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio  | September 30, 2021  | November 17, 2021  |  | February 1, 2022  | 62-35
Linda Lopez (California) | United States District Court for the Southern District of California  | September 30, 2021  | November 3, 2021  |  | December 17, 2021  | 48-25
Jinsook Ohta | United States District Court for the Southern District of California  | September 30, 2021  | November 3, 2021  |  | December 17, 2021  | 47-24
Charles Fleming (Ohio) | United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio  | September 30, 2021  | November 17, 2021  |  | February 1, 2022  | 56-42
Dale Ho | United States District Court for the Southern District of New York  | September 30, 2021  | December 1, 2021  |  | June 14, 2023  | 50-49
Bridget Brennan | United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio  | September 30, 2021  | November 17, 2021  |  | February 1, 2022  | 61-35
Samantha Elliott | United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire  | September 30, 2021  | November 3, 2021  |  | December 15, 2021  | 62-37
John Chun | United States District Court for the Western District of Washington  | September 30, 2021  | November 17, 2021  |  | March 23, 2022  | 49-47
Sarah Geraghty | United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia  | September 30, 2021  | December 1, 2021  |  | March 31, 2022  | 52-48
Victoria Calvert | United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia  | September 30, 2021  | December 1, 2021  |  | March 22, 2022  | 50-46
Hernán D. Vera | United States District Court for the Central District of California  | September 20, 2021  | October 20, 2021  |  | June 13, 2023  | 51-48
Jennifer L. Thurston | United States District Court for the Eastern District of California  | September 20, 2021  | October 20, 2021  |  | December 17, 2021  | 46-24
Maame Ewusi-Mensah Frimpong | United States District Court for the Central District of California  | September 20, 2021  | October 20, 2021  |  | December 17, 2021  | 46-24
David Herrera Urias | United States District Court for the District of New Mexico  | September 20, 2021  | November 3, 2021  |  | December 17, 2021  | 45-26
Katherine Menendez | United States District Court for the District of Minnesota  | September 20, 2021  | November 3, 2021  |  | December 18, 2021  | 49-21
Holly Thomas | United States Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit  | September 20, 2021  | October 20, 2021  |  | January 20, 2022  | 48-40
Gabriel Sanchez (California) | United States Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit  | September 20, 2021  | November 3, 2021  |  | January 12, 2022  | 52-47
Lucy H. Koh | United States Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit  | September 20, 2021  | October 6, 2021  |  | December 13, 2021  | 50-45
John Howard (District of Columbia) | District of Columbia Court of Appeals  | August 5, 2021  | December 2, 2021  |  | February 8, 2022  | 62-34
Charlotte Sweeney | United States District Court for the District of Colorado  | August 5, 2021  | October 20, 2021  |  | May 25, 2022  | 48-46
Mary Dimke | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington  | August 5, 2021  | October 20, 2021  |  | December 18, 2021  | 47-23
Beth Robinson | United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit  | August 5, 2021  | September 14, 2021  |  | November 1, 2021  | 51-45
Carolyn Lerner | United States Court of Federal Claims  | July 13, 2021  | October 6, 2021  |  | December 18, 2021  | Voice vote
Armando Omar Bonilla | United States Court of Federal Claims  | October 5, 2021  | October 6, 2021  |  | December 18, 2021  | Voice vote
Sean Staples | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | July 13, 2021  | September 14, 2021  |  | February 2, 2022  | 59-38
Toby Heytens | United States Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit  | July 13, 2021  | July 27, 2021  |  | November 1, 2021  | 53-43
Patricia Tolliver Giles | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia  | July 13, 2021  | July 27, 2021  |  | October 26, 2021  | 68-27
Michael Nachmanoff | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia  | July 13, 2021  | July 27, 2021  |  | October 27, 2021  | 52-46
Jennifer Sung | United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit  | July 13, 2021  | September 14, 2021  |  | December 15, 2021  | 50-49
Shalina Kumar | United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan  | July 13, 2021  | October 6, 2021  |  | December 17, 2021  | 44-25
Jane Beckering | United States District Court for the Western District of Michigan  | July 13, 2021  | October 6, 2021  |  | December 17, 2021  | 45-25
Kenia Seoane López | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | June 15, 2021  | September 14, 2021  |  | February 2, 2022  | 59-38
Tovah Calderon | District of Columbia Court of Appeals  | June 15, 2021  | September 14, 2021  | July 14, 2022  |  |
Myrna Pérez | United States Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit  | June 15, 2021  | July 14, 2021  |  | October 25, 2021  | 48-43
Jia Cobb | United States District Court for the District of Columbia  | June 15, 2021  | July 14, 2021  |  | October 26, 2021  | 52-45
Sarala Nagala | United States District Court for the District of Connecticut  | June 15, 2021  | July 27, 2021  |  | October 27, 2021  | 52-46
Sarah A.L. Merriam | United States Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit  | May 19, 2022  | May 25, 2022  |  | September 15, 2022  | 53-44
Omar Williams (Connecticut) | United States District Court for the District of Connecticut  | June 15, 2021  | July 27, 2021  |  | October 28, 2021  | 52-46
Karen Williams (New Jersey) | United States District Court for the District of New Jersey  | May 12, 2021  | July 14, 2021  |  | October 26, 2021  | 56-38
Angel Kelley | United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts  | May 12, 2021  | June 23, 2021  |  | September 14, 2021  | 52-44
Veronica Rossman | United States Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit  | May 12, 2021  | June 9, 2021  |  | September 20, 2021  | 50-42
Eunice Lee (Federal judge) | United States Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit  | May 12, 2021  | June 9, 2021  |  | August 9, 2021  | 50-47
Gustavo Gelpí | United States Court of Appeals for the 1st Circuit  | May 12, 2021  | June 23, 2021  |  | October 18, 2021  | 52-41
David G. Estudillo | United States District Court for the Western District of Washington  | April 29, 2021  | June 9, 2021  |  | September 14, 2021  | 54-41
Christine O'Hearn | United States District Court for the District of New Jersey  | April 29, 2021  | June 23, 2021  |  | October 19, 2021  | 53-44
Rupa Ranga Puttagunta | Superior Court of the District of Columbia  | April 19, 2021  | September 14, 2021  |  | February 2, 2022  | 57-38
Margaret Strickland | United States District Court for the District of New Mexico  | April 19, 2021  | May 26, 2021  |  | September 21, 2021  | 52-45
Regina Rodriguez | United States District Court for the District of Colorado  | April 19, 2021  | April 28, 2021  |  | June 8, 2021  | 72-28
Zahid Quraishi | United States District Court for the District of New Jersey  | April 19, 2021  | April 28, 2021  |  | June 10, 2021  | 81-16
Julien Xavier Neals | United States District Court for the District of New Jersey  | April 19, 2021  | April 28, 2021  |  | June 8, 2021  | 66-33
Lydia Kay Griggsby | United States District Court for the District of Maryland  | April 19, 2021  | May 12, 2021  |  | June 16, 2021  | 59-39
Deborah Boardman | United States District Court for the District of Maryland  | April 19, 2021  | May 12, 2021  |  | June 23, 2021  | 52-48
Candace Jackson-Akiwumi | United States Court of Appeals for the 7th Circuit  | April 19, 2021  | April 28, 2021  |  | June 24, 2021  | 53-40
Tiffany Cunningham | United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit  | April 19, 2021  | May 26, 2021  |  | July 19, 2021  | 63-33
Ketanji Brown Jackson | Supreme Court of the United States  | February 28, 2022  | March 21-24, 2022  |  | April 7, 2022  | 53-47

## Supreme Court nominees appointed by Biden[edit]

### Ketanji Brown Jackson[edit]

See also: Supreme Court vacancy, 2022

Ketanji Brown Jackson was sworn in to serve on the United States Supreme Court on June 30, 2022, the same day Stephen Breyer retired from the court.[7][8]

Breyer officially announced his retirement on January 27.[9][10] President Joe Biden (D) said he would nominate Jackson to fill Breyer's vacancy on February 25.[11] Jackson was confirmed by the Senate in a 53-47 vote on April 7, 2022.[12]

Writing for SCOTUSblog, Amy Howe wrote: "Although Breyer is apparently in good health and by all accounts enjoys his job, Democrats began calling for him to retire shortly after the 2020 election so that President Joe Biden could nominate a younger judge to take his place."[13] Breyer said on June 29 that his retirement would take effect the following day.[7]

Jackson was appointed to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by Biden in 2021 and the Senate confirmed her the same year. She served on the United States District Court for the District of Columbia from 2013 to 2021, and as a vice-chair and commissioner on the United States Sentencing Commission from 2010 to 2014.[14] Jackson has previously clerked for Breyer during his tenure on the Supreme Court, worked as a lawyer in private practice, and as an assistant federal public defender.[15]

Article II, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution gives the President of the United States the authority to nominate Supreme Court justices, and they are appointed with the advice and consent of the Senate.

The average vacancy length on the Supreme Court since 1962—when defined as the length of time elapsed between a Justice’s departure date and the swearing-in of their successor—is 86 days. Four of these vacancies lasted for only a few hours each, with the successor being sworn in the same day the retiring Justice officially left office. The longest vacancy under this definition was 422 days, following the death of Justice Antonin Scalia.

## Historical context[edit]

### Appointments by current president[edit]

See also: Federal judges nominated by Donald Trump

Since taking office for his second term, President Donald Trump (R) has nominated 42 individuals to federal judgeships on Article III courts. As of March 17, 2026, 34 of the nominees were confirmed.

During his first term in office, President Donald Trump (R) nominated 274 individuals to federal judgeships. Trump made 245 judicial appointments.[16] Of those appointments, 234 were Article III judges.[17] Trump withdrew eight nominees and 143 received no vote from the Senate.[18]

Ballotpedia publishes the federal vacancy count report tracking vacancies, nominations, and confirmations to all United States Article III federal courts each month. In the most recent report covering activity in  February 2026, there were 41 Article III vacancies in the federal judiciary. To learn more about current vacancies in the federal judiciary, click here. The following chart from the monthly federal vacancy count report for March 1, 2026, details the number of appointments made by President Trump to each type of Article III federal court since taking office. This chart is updated at the start of each month with new appointments data.

### Appointments since Theodore Roosevelt[edit]

See also: Federal judicial appointments by president

The following chart shows the total judgeship appointments made by each president from 1901 to 2024.

The following chart shows the judgeship appointments by court made by each president from 1901 to 2024. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit is abbreviated as USCAFC. The U.S. Court of Federal Claims, previously known as the U.S. Court of Claims, is abbreviated USCFC.

The following chart shows the average number of judicial appointments per year in office by presidents from 1901 to 2024.

The chart below shows the number of appeals court judges confirmed by the U.S. Senate through March 1 of the second year of each president's second term in office. At this point in the term, President Obama had the most appeals court appointments with 12.

The chart below shows the number of district court judges confirmed by the U.S. Senate through March 1 of the second year of presidents' second term in office. At this point in the term, President Obama had the most district court appointments with 36.

## See also[edit]

* Judicial vacancies during the Biden administration
* Current federal judicial vacancies

## External links[edit]

* Search Google News for this topic
* Administrative Office of U.S. Courts
* U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee

## Footnotes[edit]

1. ↑ United States Courts, "Judgeship Appointments by President," accessed January 20, 2025
2. ↑ Article III judges are appointed by the president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate in accordance with Article III of the United States Constitution. They serve for life.
3. ↑ The White House, "Press Release: Nominations Sent to the Senate," February 28, 2022
4. ↑ Congress.gov, "PN1783 — Ketanji Brown Jackson — Supreme Court of the United States," accessed April 7, 2022
5. ↑ third nom
6. ↑ fourth nom
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 The Hill, "Justice Breyer set to retire from Supreme Court on Thursday," June 29, 2022
8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `waposwear`
9. ↑ United States Supreme Court, "Letter to President," January 27, 2022
10. ↑ YouTube, "President Biden Delivers Remarks on the Retirement of Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer," January 27, 2022
11. ↑ White House, "President Biden Nominates Judge Ketanji Brown Jackson to Serve as Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court," February 25, 2022
12. ↑ Congress.gov, "PN1783 — Ketanji Brown Jackson — Supreme Court of the United States," accessed April 7, 2022
13. ↑ SCOTUSblog, "Stephen Breyer, pragmatic liberal, will retire at end of term," January 26, 2022
14. ↑ Federal Judicial Center, "Jackson, Ketanji Brown," accessed March 1, 2022
15. ↑ Senate Judiciary Committee, "Questionnaire," accessed March 1, 2022
16. ↑ United States Courts, "Judgeship Appointments by President," accessed January 20, 2021
17. ↑ Article III judges are appointed by the president and confirmed by the U.S. Senate in accordance with Article III of the United States Constitution. They serve for life.
18. ↑ Federal Judicial Center, "Unsuccessful Nominations and Recess Appointments," accessed March 23, 2021

v • e

Federal judges as nominated by U.S. presidents

Federal judicial appointments by president • Washington • Adams • Jefferson • Madison • Monroe • Quincy Adams • Jackson • Van Buren • Harrison • Tyler • Polk • Taylor • Fillmore • Pierce • Buchanan • Lincoln • A. Johnson • Grant • Hayes • Garfield • Arthur • Cleveland • Harrison • McKinley • T. Roosevelt • Taft • Wilson • Harding • Coolidge • Hoover • F. Roosevelt • Truman • Eisenhower • Kennedy • L. Johnson • Nixon • Ford • Carter • Reagan • H.W. Bush • Clinton • W. Bush • Obama • Trump • Biden • Trump

v • e

Biden Administration

Overviews|

Ballotpedia's Daily Transition Tracker • Joe Biden's Cabinet • Confirmation process for Joe Biden's Cabinet nominees • Joe Biden's executive orders and actions • Joe Biden: Vetoed legislation • Ambassadors appointed by Joe Biden • Ballotpedia's Polling Index: Opinion polling during the Biden administration

* * *

Cabinet|

Members not requiring Senate confirmation

* Kamala Harris, vice president
* Ron Klain, White House chief of staff

Members confirmed by the Senate

* Tony Blinken, secretary of state
* Janet Yellen, secretary of the Treasury
* Lloyd Austin, secretary of defense
* Merrick Garland, attorney general
* Gina Raimondo, secretary of commerce
* Marty Walsh, secretary of labor
* Debra Haaland, secretary of the Interior
* Tom Vilsack, secretary of agriculture
* Xavier Becerra, secretary of health and human services
* Marcia Fudge, secretary of housing and urban development
* Miguel Cardona, secretary of education
* Pete Buttigieg, secretary of transportation
* Jennifer Granholm, secretary of energy
* Denis McDonough, secretary of veterans affairs
* Alejandro Mayorkas, secretary of homeland security
* Katherine Tai, U.S. trade representative
* Avril Haines, director of national intelligence
* Linda Thomas-Greenfield, U.S. ambassador to the United Nations
* Cecilia Rouse, chairwoman of the Council of Economic Advisers
* Michael Regan, administrator of the Environmental Protection AGency
* Isabel Guzman, administrator of the Small Business Administration

* * *

Ballotpedia

About

Overview • What people are saying • Support Ballotpedia • Contact • Contribute • Job opportunities

* * *

Executive: Leslie Graves, Founder and CEO • Gwen Beattie, Chief Operating Officer

Communications: Alison Graves, Director of Communications • Carley Allensworth • Abigail Campbell • Sarah Groat • Nathaniel Harwood • Dillon Redmond
External Relations:  Geoff Pallay, Director of External Relations • Ken Carbullido, Vice President of Election Product and Technology Strategy • Ashley Fleming • Thomas Mardik • Hannah Nelson
Operations: Meghann Olshefski, Director of Operations • Amanda Herbert • Mandy Morris • Caroline Presnell • Kelly Rindfleisch
Tech: Matt Latourelle, Director of Technology Operations • Ryan Burch • Kirsten Corrao • Beth Dellea • Travis Eden • Tate Kamish • Margaret Kearney • Eric Lotto • Joseph Sanchez • Mary Susmitha

Contributors: Scott Rasmussen

* * *

Editorial Content

Josh Altic, Director of Content • Daniel Anderson, Associate Director of Elections & Data • Cory Eucalitto, Associate Director of Features • Ryan Byrne, Managing Editor of Ballot Measures • Mandy McConnell, Managing Editor of News • Doug Kronaizl, Managing Editor of Local Expansion • Abbey Smith, Managing Editor of Elections • Janie Valentine, Managing Editor of Law • Joel Williams, Managing Editor of Events • Joseph Greaney, Managing Editor of Policy • Andrew Bahl • Jaclyn Beran • Marielle Bricker • Joseph Brusgard • Emma Burlingame • Kelly Coyle • Jon Dunn • Victoria Edwards • Thomas Ellis • Nicole Fisher • Thomas Grobben • Brianna Hosea • Molly Kehoe • Tyler King • Glorie Martinez • Norm Leahy, Senior Editor • Nathan Maxwell • Brandon McCauley • Andrew McNair • Ellie Mikus • Mackenzie Murphy • Kaley Platek • Samantha Post • Adam Powell • Annelise Reinwald • Spencer Richardson • Victoria Rose • Briana Ryan • Myj Saintyl • Maddy Salucka • Emma Soukup • Alexis Thacker • Mina Vogel • Samuel Wonacott • Trenton Woodcox • Heather Yates

Ballotpedia

About

Overview • What people are saying • Support Ballotpedia • Contact • Contribute • Job opportunities

* * *

Executive: Leslie Graves, Founder and CEO • Gwen Beattie, Chief Operating Officer

Communications: Alison Graves, Director of Communications • Carley Allensworth • Abigail Campbell • Sarah Groat • Nathaniel Harwood • Dillon Redmond
External Relations:  Geoff Pallay, Director of External Relations • Ken Carbullido, Vice President of Election Product and Technology Strategy • Ashley Fleming • Thomas Mardik • Hannah Nelson
Operations: Meghann Olshefski, Director of Operations • Amanda Herbert • Mandy Morris • Caroline Presnell • Kelly Rindfleisch
Tech: Matt Latourelle, Director of Technology Operations • Ryan Burch • Kirsten Corrao • Beth Dellea • Travis Eden • Tate Kamish • Margaret Kearney • Eric Lotto • Joseph Sanchez • Mary Susmitha

Contributors: Scott Rasmussen

* * *

Editorial Content

Josh Altic, Director of Content • Daniel Anderson, Associate Director of Elections & Data • Cory Eucalitto, Associate Director of Features • Ryan Byrne, Managing Editor of Ballot Measures • Mandy McConnell, Managing Editor of News • Doug Kronaizl, Managing Editor of Local Expansion • Abbey Smith, Managing Editor of Elections • Janie Valentine, Managing Editor of Law • Joel Williams, Managing Editor of Events • Joseph Greaney, Managing Editor of Policy • Andrew Bahl • Jaclyn Beran • Marielle Bricker • Joseph Brusgard • Emma Burlingame • Kelly Coyle • Jon Dunn • Victoria Edwards • Thomas Ellis • Nicole Fisher • Thomas Grobben • Brianna Hosea • Molly Kehoe • Tyler King • Glorie Martinez • Norm Leahy, Senior Editor • Nathan Maxwell • Brandon McCauley • Andrew McNair • Ellie Mikus • Mackenzie Murphy • Kaley Platek • Samantha Post • Adam Powell • Annelise Reinwald • Spencer Richardson • Victoria Rose • Briana Ryan • Myj Saintyl • Maddy Salucka • Emma Soukup • Alexis Thacker • Mina Vogel • Samuel Wonacott • Trenton Woodcox • Heather Yates