Meghalayan

Short description: Third stage of the Holocene epoch

Meghalayan

0.0042 – 0 Ma

PreЄ

Chronology

Template:Holocene graphical timeline

Etymology
Name formality| Formal
Name ratified| 14 June 2018[1][2]
Usage information
Celestial body| Earth
Regional usage| Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used| ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit| Age
Stratigraphic unit| Stage
Time span formality| Formal
Lower boundary definition| 4.2 kiloyear event
Lower boundary GSSP| Mawmluh Cave, Meghalaya, India
[ ⚑ ] 25°15′44″N 91°42′54″E﻿ / ﻿25.2622°N 91.7150°E﻿ / 25.2622; 91.7150
GSSP ratified| 14 June 2018
Upper boundary definition| Ongoing
Upper boundary GSSP| N/A
GSSP ratified| N/A

The Meghalayan age is the name given in 2018, by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, to the current age or latest geologic age – or uppermost stage of the Quaternary.[3] It is also the upper, or latest, of three subdivisions of the Holocene epoch or series.[4][5] This way of breaking down time is based only on geology; for example, it is unrelated to the three-age system of historical periods into which human development is sometimes divided.

The Meghalayan begins 4,200 years BP (c. 2251 BCE or 7750 HE),[6] leaving room for the possible introduction of the Anthropocene.[7][8] Helama & Oinonen (2019) dated the start of the Meghalayan to 2190–1990 BCE.[9] The age began with a 200-year drought that impacted human civilizations in the Eastern Mediterranean, Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley and the Yangtze River Valley.[6] "The fact that the beginning of this age coincides with a cultural shift caused by a global climate event makes it unique," according to Stanley Finney, Secretary General of the International Union of Geological Sciences.[8]

## Contents

* 1 Origins
* 1.1 IUGS geological heritage site
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## Origins

This age is named after the Northeast Indian state of Meghalaya, where the stalagmite was found that is used to mark out its years.

The International Commission on Stratigraphy officially ratified this age in June 2018, along with the earlier Greenlandian and Northgrippian ages/stages.[10] Its Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) is a Krem Mawmluh Cave formation in Meghalaya.[10] Mawmluh cave is one of the longest and deepest caves in India, and conditions there were suitable for preserving chemical signs of the transition in ages.[11] The global auxiliary stratotype is an ice core from Mount Logan in Canada.[12]

### IUGS geological heritage site

In respect of the Mawmluh Cave site being the "GSSP of the youngest unit of the geologic time scale associated with dramatic climate changes with implications on human civilisation" the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) included the GSSP of the Meghalayan Stage in the Mawmluh Cave in its assemblage of 100 "geological heritage sites" around the world in a listing published in October 2022. The organisation defines an IUGS Geological Heritage Site as "a key place with geological elements and/or processes of international scientific relevance, used as a reference, and/or with a substantial contribution to the development of geological sciences through history."[13]

## See also

* Geologic time scale
* 4.2-kiloyear event

## References

1. ↑ Walker, Mike; Head, Martin J.; Berkelhammer, Max; Björck, Svante; Cheng, Hai; Cwynar, Les; Fisher, David; Gkinis, Vasilios et al. (1 December 2018). "Formal ratification of the subdivision of the Holocene Series/ Epoch (Quaternary System/Period): two new Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSPs) and three new stages/subseries". Episodes (Subcommission on Quaternary Stratigraphy (SQS)) 41 (4): 213–223. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2018/018016. https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/meghalayan.pdf. Retrieved 28 August 2020. This proposal on behalf of the SQS has been approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and formally ratified by the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS).
2. ↑ Head, Martin J. (17 May 2019). "Formal subdivision of the Quaternary System/Period: Present status and future directions". Quaternary International 500: 32–51. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2019.05.018. Bibcode: 2019QuInt.500...32H.
3. ↑ Cohen, K. M.; Finney, S. C.; Gibbard, P. L.; Fan, J-X. (January 2020). "International Chronostratigraphic Chart". International Commission on Stratigraphy. http://www.stratigraphy.org/ICSchart/ChronostratChart2020-01.pdf.
4. ↑ Radha-Udayakumar, Ganesh (19 July 2018). "Scientists call our era the Meghalayan Age. Here's what the world was like when it began". India Today. New Delhi: Living Media India Limited. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/meghalayan-age-what-the-world-was-like-when-it-began-1290138-2018-07-19.
5. ↑ "'Meghalayan Age': Latest phase in Earth's history named after Indian state, began 4,200 years ago". https://scroll.in/latest/887119/meghalayan-age-latest-phase-in-earths-history-named-after-indian-state-began-4200-years-ago.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Jonathan Amos (18 July 2018). "Welcome to the Meghalayan Age – a new phase in history". BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-44868527.
7. ↑ International Commission on Stratigraphy. "Collapse of civilizations worldwide defines youngest unit of the Geologic Time Scale". http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-news-and-meetings/119-collapse-of-civilizations-worldwide-defines-youngest-unit-of-the-geologic-time-scale.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Michael Irving (19 July 2018). "Time for the Meghalayan: A new geological age has officially been declared". https://newatlas.com/new-geological-age-declared-meghalayan/55532/.
9. ↑ Helama, Samuli; Oinonen, Markku (15 June 2019). "Exact dating of the Meghalayan lower boundary based on high-latitude tree-ring isotope chronology" (in en). Quaternary Science Reviews 214: 178–184. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.04.013. ISSN 0277-3791. Bibcode: 2019QSRv..214..178H. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0277379118310345.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 International Commission on Stratigraphy. "ICS chart containing the Quaternary and Cambrian GSSPs and new stages (v 2018/07) is now released!". http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-news-and-meetings/120-ics-chart-containing-the-quaternary-gssps-and-new-stages-v-2018-07-is-now-released.
11. ↑ "'Meghalayan Age' makes the state a part of geologic history" (in en). Hindustan Times. 18 July 2018. https://www.hindustantimes.com/science/meghalayan-age-makes-the-state-a-part-of-geologic-history/story-bvbKrd33IXgMD1o6BaSjmM.html.
12. ↑ "Formal subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch". https://www.qpg.geog.cam.ac.uk/news/formalsubdivisionoftheholoceneseriesgeogr18.pdf.
13. ↑ "The First 100 IUGS Geological Heritage Sites". IUGS. https://iugs-geoheritage.org/videos-pdfs/iugs_first_100_book_v2.pdf.

## External links

* Chronostratigraphy benchmarks
* Meghalayan Age in details

* v
* t
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Geological history of Earth

Cenozoic era
(present–66.0 Mya)|

| Quaternary (present–2.588 Mya)|

* Holocene (present–11.784 kya)
* Pleistocene (11.784 kya–2.588 Mya)

|

Neogene (2.588–23.03 Mya)|

* Pliocene (2.588–5.333 Mya)
* Miocene (5.333–23.03 Mya)

Paleogene (23.03–66.0 Mya)|

* Oligocene (23.03–33.9 Mya)
* Eocene (33.9–56.0 Mya)
* Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Mya)

Mesozoic era
(66.0–251.902 Mya)|

| Cretaceous (66.0–145.0 Mya)|

* Late (66.0–100.5 Mya)
* Early (100.5–145.0 Mya)

|

Jurassic (145.0–201.3 Mya)|

* Late (145.0–163.5 Mya)
* Middle (163.5–174.1 Mya)
* Early (174.1–201.3 Mya)

Triassic (201.3–251.902 Mya)|

* Late (201.3–237 Mya)
* Middle (237–247.2 Mya)
* Early (247.2–251.902 Mya)

Paleozoic era
(251.902–541.0 Mya)|

| Permian (251.902–298.9 Mya)|

* Lopingian (251.902–259.8 Mya)
* Guadalupian (259.8–272.3 Mya)
* Cisuralian (272.3–298.9 Mya)

|

Carboniferous (298.9–358.9 Mya)|

* Pennsylvanian (298.9–323.2 Mya)
* Mississippian (323.2–358.9 Mya)

Devonian (358.9–419.2 Mya)|

* Late (358.9–382.7 Mya)
* Middle (382.7–393.3 Mya)
* Early (393.3–419.2 Mya)

Silurian (419.2–443.8 Mya)|

* Pridoli (419.2–423.0 Mya)
* Ludlow (423.0–427.4 Mya)
* Wenlock (427.4–433.4 Mya)
* Llandovery (433.4–443.8 Mya)

Ordovician (443.8–485.4 Mya)|

* Late (443.8–458.4 Mya)
* Middle (458.4–470.0 Mya)
* Early (470.0–485.4 Mya)

Cambrian (485.4–541.0 Mya)|

* Furongian (485.4–497 Mya)
* Miaolingian (497–509 Mya)
* Series 2 (509–521 Mya)
* Terreneuvian (521–541.0 Mya)

Proterozoic eon
(541.0 Mya–2.5 Gya)|

| Neoproterozoic (541.0 Mya–1 Gya)|

* Ediacaran (541.0–~635 Mya)
* Cryogenian (~635–~720 Mya)
* Tonian (~720 Mya–1 Gya)

|

Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Gya)|

* Stenian (1–1.2 Gya)
* Ectasian (1.2–1.4 Gya)
* Calymmian (1.4–1.6 Gya)

Paleoproterozoic (1.6–2.5 Gya)|

* Statherian (1.6–1.8 Gya)
* Orosirian (1.8–2.05 Gya)
* Rhyacian (2.05–2.3 Gya)
* Siderian (2.3–2.5 Gya)

Archean eon (2.5–4 Gya)|

| Eras|

* Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Gya)
* Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Gya)
* Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Gya)
* Eoarchean (3.6–4 Gya)

|

Hadean eon (4–4.6 Gya)|

|  |

|

kya = thousands years ago. Mya = millions years ago. Gya = billions years ago.
See also: Geologic time scale

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