2023 and 2024 abortion-related ballot measures

Abortion-related ballot measures in the U.S.

Pages:
• Results for abortion-related ballot measures, 2024
• History of abortion ballot measures
• Abortion policy ballot measures
• Abortion regulations by state

See also: Results for abortion-related ballot measures, 2024

In 2024, 11 statewide ballot measures related to abortion were certified in Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New York, Nevada, and South Dakota for the general election ballot on November 5. This was the most on record for a single year.

Ten of the ballot measures addressed state constitutional rights to abortion. Voters approved seven of them in Arizona, Colorado, Maryland, Missouri, Montana, New York, and Nevada. Voters rejected three in Florida, Nebraska, and South Dakota. One, in Nebraska, to limit the timeframe for when an abortion can be performed was approved.

In 2023, one statewide ballot measure related to abortion policies, Ohio Issue 1, was certified for the ballot. Voters approved Issue 1.

In 2022, there were six ballot measures addressing abortion — the most on record for a single year. Measures were approved in California, Michigan, and Vermont. Measures were defeated in Kansas, Kentucky, and Montana.

Information on abortion-related ballot measures since 1970 is available here: History of abortion ballot measures.

## Contents

* 1 State ballot measures
* 1.1 On the ballot
* 1.1.1 2024
* 1.1.2 2023
* 1.2 Not on the ballot
* 1.2.1 2024
* 1.2.2 2023
* 2 Timeline of abortion-related ballot measures
* 3 List of abortion-related ballot measures
* 4 See also
* 5 Footnotes

## State ballot measures[edit]

### On the ballot[edit]

#### 2024[edit]

The following table provides a list of abortion-related measures that were on the ballot in 2024:

State  | Date  | Measure  | Description  | Outcome

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Arizona | Nov. 5, 2024 | Right to Abortion Initiative | • Establishes the fundamental right to abortion that the state of Arizona may not interfere with before the point of fetal viability | a
Colorado | Nov. 5, 2024 | Right to Abortion Initiative | • Provide a constitutional right to abortion in the state constitution and allow the use of public funds for abortion | a
Florida | Nov. 5, 2024 | Florida Amendment 4 | • Provide a constitutional right to abortion before viability or when necessary to protect the patient's health, as determined by the patient's healthcare provider | d
Maryland | Nov. 5, 2024 | Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment | • Amend the Maryland Constitution to establish a right to reproductive freedom, defined to include "decisions to prevent, continue, or end one's own pregnancy" | a
Missouri | Nov. 5, 2024 | Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment | • Amend the Missouri Constitution to provide the right for reproductive freedom, and provide that the state legislature may enact laws that regulate abortion after fetal viability | a
Montana | Nov. 5, 2024 | CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative | • Amend the Montana Constitution to provide a state constitutional "right to make and carry out decisions about one’s own pregnancy, including the right to abortion" | a
Nebraska | Nov. 5, 2024 | Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment | • Amend the Nebraska Constitution to provide that "unborn children shall be protected from abortion in the second and third trimesters" | a
Nebraska | Nov. 5, 2024 | Right to Abortion Initiative | • Amend the Nebraska Constitution to provide that "all persons shall have a fundamental right to abortion until fetal viability" | d
New York | Nov. 5, 2024 | Equal Protection of Law Amendment | • Add language to the New York Bill of Rights to provide that people cannot be denied rights based on their "ethnicity, national origin, age, and disability" or "sex, including sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes, and reproductive healthcare and autonomy." | a
Nevada | Nov. 5, 2024 | Right to Abortion Initiative | • Establish the constitutional right to an abortion, providing for the state to regulate abortion after fetal viability, except where medically indicated to protect the life, physical health, or mental health of the pregnant woman. | a
South Dakota | Nov. 5, 2024 | Constitutional Amendment G | • Provide a trimester framework for regulating abortion in the South Dakota Constitution | d

#### 2023[edit]

The following table provides a list of abortion-related measures that were on the ballot in 2023:

State  | Date  | Measure  | Description  | Outcome

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Ohio | Nov. 7, 2023 | Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative | • Amend the Ohio Constitution to provide a state constitutional right to "make and carry out one’s own reproductive decisions," including decisions about abortion, contraception, fertility treatment, miscarriage care, and continuing pregnancy | a

### Not on the ballot[edit]

#### 2024[edit]

The following is a list of abortion-related measures that were proposed for 2024 but did not make the ballot.

1. Arkansas Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)
2. Colorado Abortion Ban Initiative (2024)
3. Florida Right to Life of Preborn Individual Initiative (2024)
4. Florida Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2024)
5. Hawaii Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2024)
6. Iowa No State Constitutional Right to Abortion Amendment (2024)
7. Maine Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy Amendment (2024)
8. Minnesota Equal Under the Law Amendment (2024)
9. Missouri Regulations Regarding Abortion Amendment (2024)
10. Nebraska Establish Personhood of Preborn Children Amendment (2024)
11. Nebraska Prohibit Abortion Procedures and Drugs Initiative (2024)
12. Pennsylvania No State Constitutional Right to Abortion Amendment (2024)
13. Wisconsin 14-Week Abortion Ban Measure (2024)

#### 2023[edit]

The following is a list of abortion-related measures that were proposed for 2023 but did not make the ballot.

1. Washington 15-Week Abortion Ban Initiative (2023)
2. Washington Homeless Youth Shelter Parental Notification Requirements Referendum (2023)
3. Washington Parental Notification Requirements for Homeless and Runaway Youth Seeking Gender-Related or Reproductive Health Services Referendum (2023)

## Timeline of abortion-related ballot measures[edit]

See also: History of abortion ballot measures

The following graph shows the number of abortion-related ballot measures per year since 1970.

## List of abortion-related ballot measures[edit]

See also: History of abortion ballot measures

The following table provides a list of abortion-related ballot measures from 1970 to 2024:

State  | Year  | Measure  | Yes  | No  | Outcome

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Arizona | 2024 | Proposition 139, Right to Abortion Initiative | 61.61% | 38.39% | a
Colorado | 2024 | Right to Abortion and Health Insurance Coverage Initiative | 61.97% | 38.03% | a
Florida | 2024 | Amendment 4, Right to Abortion Initiative[1] | 57.17% | 42.83% | d
Maryland | 2024 | Maryland Question 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment | 76.06% | 23.94% | a
Missouri | 2024 | Missouri Amendment 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative | 51.60% | 48.40% | a
Montana | 2024 | CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative | 57.76% | 42.24% | a
Nebraska | 2024 | Nebraska Initiative 434, Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment | 54.94% | 45.06% | a
Nebraska | 2024 | Nebraska Initiative 439, Right to Abortion Amendment | 49.01% | 50.99% | d
Nevada | 2024 | Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative | 64.36% | 35.64% | a
New York | 2024 | New York Proposal 1, Equal Protection of Law Amendment | 62.47% | 37.53% | a
South Dakota | 2024 | Constitutional Amendment G, Right to Abortion Initiative | 41.41% | 58.59% | d
Ohio | 2023 | Issue 1: Right to Make Reproductive Decisions Including Abortion Initiative | 56.78% | 43.22% | a
California | 2022 | Proposition 1: Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment | 66.88% | 33.12% | a
Kansas | 2022 | No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment | 41.03% | 58.97% | d
Kentucky | 2022 | Amendment 2: No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment | 47.65% | 52.35% | d
Michigan | 2022 | Proposal 3: Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative | 56.66% | 43.34% | a
Montana | 2022 | LR-131: Medical Care Requirements for Born-Alive Infants Measure | 47.45% | 52.55% | d
Vermont | 2022 | Proposal 5: Right to Personal Reproductive Autonomy Amendment | 76.77% | 23.23% | a
Colorado | 2020 | Proposition 115: 22-Week Abortion Ban Initiative | 41.01% | 58.99% | d
Louisiana | 2020 | Amendment 1: No Right to Abortion in Constitution Amendment | 62.06% | 37.94% | a
Alabama | 2018 | Amendment 2: State Abortion Policy Amendment | 59.01% | 40.99% | a
Oregon | 2018 | Measure 106: Ban Public Funds for Abortions Initiative | 35.52% | 64.48% | d
West Virginia | 2018 | Amendment 1: No Right to Abortion in Constitution Measure | 51.73% | 48.27% | a
Colorado | 2014 | Amendment 67: Definition of Person Initiative | 35.13% | 64.87% | d
North Dakota | 2014 | Measure 1: Right to Life of Humans at Any Stage of Development Amendment | 35.87% | 64.13% | d
Tennessee | 2014 | Amendment 1: No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment | 52.60% | 47.40% | a
Florida | 2012 | Amendment 6: State Constitution Interpretation and Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Amendment | 44.90% | 55.10% | d
Montana | 2012 | LR-120: Parental Notification of Abortion Measure | 70.55% | 29.45% | a
Mississippi | 2011 | Initiative 26: Definition of Person Amendment | 42.37% | 57.63% | d
Alaska | 2010 | Measure 2: Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative | 55.06% | 43.94% | a
Colorado | 2010 | Initiative 62: Definition of Person Amendment | 29.47% | 70.53% | d
California | 2008 | Proposition 4: Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative | 48.04% | 51.96% | d
Colorado | 2008 | Initiative 48: Definition of Person Amendment | 26.79% | 73.21% | d
South Dakota | 2008 | Initiative 11: Abortion Ban Measure | 44.79% | 55.21% | d
California | 2006 | Proposition 85: Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative | 45.81% | 54.19% | d
Oregon | 2006 | Measure 43: Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative | 45.24% | 54.76% | d
South Dakota | 2006 | Referendum 6: Abortion Ban Measure | 44.43% | 55.57% | d
California | 2005 | Proposition 73: Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative | 47.29% | 52.71% | d
Florida | 2004 | Amendment 1: Parental Notification of Abortion Measure | 64.67% | 35.33% | a
Colorado | 2000 | Initiative 25: Physicians to Communicate Certain Information on Abortion, Waiting Period, and Written Consent Measure | 39.44% | 60.56% | d
Maine | 1999 | Question 1: “Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act” Initiative | 44.42% | 55.58% | d
Colorado | 1998 | Initiative 11: "Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act" Initiative | 48.52% | 51.48% | d
Colorado | 1998 | Initiative 12: Parental Notification of Abortion Measure | 54.87% | 45.13% | a
Washington | 1998 | Initiative 694: "Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act" Measure | 42.85% | 57.15% | d
Wyoming | 1994 | Initiative 1: Abortion Ban Measure | 39.94% | 60.06% | d
Arizona | 1992 | Proposition 110: Abortion Ban and Prohibit Public Funds Initiative | 31.46% | 68.54% | d
Maryland | 1992 | Question 6: Changes to Abortion Law Referendum | 61.74% | 38.26% | a
Washington | 1991 | Initiative 120: Abortion Legal to Fetal Viability Measure | 50.14% | 49.86% | a
Nevada | 1990 | Question 7: Abortion Legal to 24 Weeks Statute Referendum | 63.47% | 36.53% | a
Oregon | 1990 | Oregon Measure 8: Abortion Ban Initiative | 32.26% | 67.74% | d
Oregon | 1990 | Measure 10: Parental Notification of Abortion Initiative | 47.88% | 52.12% | d
Arkansas | 1988 | Amendment 3: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions and State Policy Initiative | 51.96% | 48.04% | a
Colorado | 1988 | Initiative 7: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Measure | 39.76% | 60.24% | d
Michigan | 1988 | Proposal A: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions for Public Assistance Recipients Referendum | 56.87% | 43.13% | a
Arkansas | 1986 | Amendment 65: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions and State Policy Initiative | 49.96% | 50.04% | d
Massachusetts | 1986 | Question 1: No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment | 41.83% | 58.17% | d
Oregon | 1986 | Measure 6: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Initiative | 45.17% | 54.83% | d
Rhode Island | 1986 | Question 14: Constitutional Right to Life and Abortion Prohibited Amendment | 34.19% | 65.81% | d
Colorado | 1984 | Initiative 3: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Measure | 50.39% | 49.61% | a
Washington | 1984 | Initiative 471: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Measure | 46.87% | 53.13% | d
Alaska | 1982 | Measure 6: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Initiative | 40.79% | 59.21% | d
Oregon | 1978 | Measure 7: Prohibit Public Funds for Abortions Initiative | 48.32% | 51.68% | d
Michigan | 1972 | Proposal B: Abortion Legalization to 20 Weeks Initiative | 39.35% | 60.65% | d
North Dakota | 1972 | Measure 1: Abortion Legalization to 20 Weeks Initiative | 23.41% | 76.59% | d
Washington | 1970 | Referendum 20: Abortion Legalization to Four Months Measure | 56.49% | 43.51% | a

## See also[edit]

* 2023 ballot measures
* 2024 ballot measures
* 2022 abortion-related ballot measures
* Abortion policy ballot measures
* History of abortion ballot measures
* Abortion regulations by state

## Footnotes[edit]

1. ↑ Note: Florida Amendment 4 needed to receive a 60% vote to be approved.

v • e

Types of ballot measures

Initiatives|

Initiated constitutional amendment • Indirect initiated constitutional amendment • Initiated state statute • Indirect initiated state statute • Combined initiated constitutional amendment and state statute • Veto referendum • Statute affirmation (Nevada)

Referrals|

Legislatively referred constitutional amendment • Legislatively referred state statute • Legislatively referred bond issue • Advisory question

Other|

Automatic ballot referral • Commission-referred ballot measure • Convention-referred amendment

* * *

Local|

Types of local ballot measures