Richard Nixon

Does this look like a racist to you? (No, he looks like he’s gonna sell us a lemon Pontiac!)

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“”This administration has proved that it is utterly incapable of cleaning out the corruption which has completely eroded it and reestablishing the confidence and faith of the American people in the morality and honesty of their government employees.

—Richard Nixon, accidentially predicting his own future[1]

Richard Milhous "Tricky Dick" Nixon (January 9, 1913–April 22, 1994) was President of the United States from 1969–74. He received heavy criticism for his dishonesty, racism, and corruption. He is the only man to be twice elected to both the Vice Presidency and the Presidency. His involvement in the Watergate scandal, marked by obstruction of justice, secret payoffs, political intimidation, and illegal surveillance in a coordinated effort to sabotage the Democratic National Committee, ultimately led to his resignation and fueled a lasting erosion of public trust in federal government officials.

The bulk of legislation President Richard Nixon enacted was not merely liberal but, by today's standards, strikingly progressive, even "far-left" compared to much of the contemporary Republican and Democratic Party. His administration dramatically expanded Social Security benefits and food stamp programs, established the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to combat pollution and preserve natural resources, dramatically expanded the prior Section 21 program into the newly created Section 8 program, and created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to protect workers' rights and safety on the job. Nixon also endorsed sweeping regulatory reforms, and supported federal "DEI" initiatives particularly the Philadelphia Plan (despite his personal racism).

Nixon still inspired the ire of the left at the time for drawing out the Vietnam war despite significant protests. He eventually did end American involvement in the war however. Nixon also arguably started the modern "War on Drugs", one of the most damaging set of policies America ever enacted, and allegedly due to resentment toward the anti-war left and African Americans.

## Contents

* 1 We want Dick!
* 1.1 Don't change Dicks in the middle of a screw!
* 2 Chicanery
* 2.1 Blacks for Dick!
* 2.2 The Shart of the Deal
* 2.3 Watergate and resignation
* 3 Last liberal President
* 3.1 "Nixon Shock"
* 4 Achievements
* 5 Underachievements
* 5.1 Personal affectations and grooming
* 6 Nixon's legacy
* 7 Terrify your kids with these Nixon quotes!
* 8 Awesome quotes
* 8.1 Jews
* 8.2 Black people
* 8.3 Quotes about him
* 9 See also
* 10 External links
* 10.1 Videos
* 11 References

## We want Dick![edit]

“”If there were one perfect spite-ist president, it was Richard Nixon. He looked mean, spoke mean and stomped on the hippies who were having too many orgasms, the last real orgasms this country ever witnessed.

—Mark Ames[2]

Photo of John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon taken prior to their first debate in Chicago.

Nixon ran for President three times. The 1960 campaign was about whether or not the Matsu Islands (the Red Scare topic du jour) belonged to China. Kennedy seemed to suggest that they were hardly worth risking a nuclear war over. Nixon pounced on it and made it an issue.[3] After injuring his knee in a limousine door, Nixon had a five o'clock shadow and the sweats. Kennedy had just spent a month tanning ~~and getting beejs~~ in Florida. It's a common refrain that Nixon had a slight edge among radio listeners, whereas Kennedy "won on style." Most historians dismiss this because there isn’t any proof other than hearsay.[4]

Nixon fans have long credited dead people voting in Chicago or cows voting in Texas for sealing Kennedy's victory. Republicans contested the results and found no proof of anything.[5] Johnson was from Texas and having his name on the ticket probably helped Kennedy there. Eisenhower only hit the campaign trail for Nixon a few weeks before the election. He also hurt them by answering a question about Nixon's contributions with, "If you give me a week, I might think of one." Then there was something about how Alabamans don't know how to run an election and cast their votes for Harry F. Byrd,[6] a 73-year-old segregationist who wasn't even running for President that year.[No, not The Onion]

In between his running in 1960 and 1968, Nixon decided to run for Governor of California in 1962, eventually losing to Democratic nomination Pat Brown.[7] After he lost, Nixon called a press conference where he said "You won't have Nixon to kick around any more, because, gentlemen, this is my last press conference.”[8] It was not his last press conference.

The only reason he became President is because he was running against two Democrats in '68 who split the vote. Johnson's fight for civil rights caused a Dixiecrat walkout. Alabama governor George Wallace split ranks and ran against Herbert Humphrey as an Independent.[9] Nixon finished just ahead of Humphrey, despite taking only 43% of the vote—helped by Democrats who had proven that summer that they couldn't even run a convention, much less a country. The '68 convention was the one with the hippie protesters, riot police, and tear gas in the streets. Similar to today, the left wing of the party was unhappy with the nomination process.[10] RFK and Eugene McCarthy ran to the left of Humphrey, who was tied to Johnson's war policy.[11]

### Don't change Dicks in the middle of a screw![edit]

We give up.[12]

In 1972, the Democrats were badly divided. Ted Kennedy couldn't run: Chappaquiddick (Kennedy's DUI/manslaughter) was too fresh, and he failed to come up with a satisfactory explanation when he did run in 1980.[13] Nixon campaign sabotage took out Ed Muskie, who was seen as Nixon's biggest threat after Kennedy.[14][15][16] 1972 was the first convention organized with new rules after the controversy of '68.[17] Unfortunately that meant too many speeches, a platform which was deemed too left of center,[18][19] and George McGovern didn't get to deliver his acceptance speech until well after midnight.[20] If he'd known his running mate had caused very serious damage to him anonymously, McGovern would have never picked him in the first place.[21] Also not helping was getting rejected by six different replacement hopefuls.

Moderates flocked to Nixon, who won one of the largest landslides in history, taking 60% of the popular vote. He was also the first Republican candidate to sweep the southern states. That was the beginning of a streak that resulted in 7/10 Presidential victories and the GOP taking over Congress for the first time since Hoover.

## Chicanery[edit]

Flyers distributed on behalf of Nixon to allege that Helen Douglas was soft on communism.

“”The vice-hatchet man slinging slander and spreading half-truths while the Top Man peers down the green fairways of indifference.

—Gov. Frank G. Clement (D-TN)[22]

Nixon financed his campaign for Congress with the Poker winnings he scooped during World War II. Wonder how much of it was actual skill or the fact he was playing against a bunch of kids who were too drunk to play smartly?[23][24] He had a remarkable career in that he went from a freshman Congressman to Vice President of the United States in six years: first by making a name for himself on the House Un-American Activities Committee,[25] then making the jump to Senator by accusing political rivals of being communists with no evidence other than I said so.[26] He set the ball rolling for the death of the New Deal set when he campaigned against Jerry Voorhis by accusing him of being a secret communist.[27]

To dismiss accusations that he was misusing campaign funds,[28] then-Senator Nixon featured a white cocker spaniel named Checkers in a televised speech. A summary: My friends gave me bribes and some people say I should give them back. Well, my friends also gave me a puppy. My little girls love him. And we're not giving him back.[29] You've got to hand it to him, in a way. He also brought out his wife and bragged about her "cloth coat", as opposed to those Democrats with their fur coats, we guess.

Eisenhower picked him as Vice-President to try and stifle the McCarthy wing of the party.[30] Since Eisenhower hated him,[31][32] Nixon was constantly sent to foreign countries for eight years, which is how he developed his foreign policy "genius."

Car dealers against Nixon: National Lampoon's book, Would You Buy a Used War from This Man?[33]

Nixon grew up in a strict Quaker church which had become largely indistinguishable from other Protestants. His family had some strange hangups about physical contact. His mom apparently wouldn’t even hug him.[34] At one point in the Nixon presidency, a group of politically liberal Quakers tried to disown Nixon due to his actions in Vietnam.[35] This failed, as his childhood church refused to disown him. Nixon argued that U.S. military action served the greater goal of 'peace,'[36] so it was ultimately consistent with his Quakerism.Do You Believe That? Nothing says pacifism like comitting war crimes. He seems to have felt a lot more comfortable with evangelicals like Billy Graham than with unprogrammed Quakers who were useless to his plans.[37] Evangelicals were supportive of Nixon, even during Watergate.[38]

There was strong evidence that the Nixon administration had gotten into the habit of carrying out illegal activities over the course of several years.[39] Nixon considered Ted Kennedy such a threat that he faked State Department cables to make it appear that President Kennedy had been directly involved in the assassination of South Vietnam’s president in 1963.[40] He even ordered Secret Service agents personally loyal to him to be assigned to Ted in the hope they would work as spies.[41] The Nixon administration also tried to subvert the trial of Daniel Ellsberg, the Pentagon contractor who leaked the Pentagon Papers (which proved that both Johnson and Nixon were lying when they said that they had a plan to win the Vietnam War) by burglarizing his psychiatrist's office and offering the judge a position as Director of the FBI.[42] Ironically, the case was dismissed due in part to gross government misconduct and illegal evidence gathering.[43]

### Blacks for Dick![edit]

Sammy was a warlock?[44] Maybe that's why he's addressing what appears to be the Devil.[45]

“”When you are close to Nixon he almost disarms you with his apparent sincerity. You never get the impression that he is the same man who campaigned in California a few years ago, and who made a tear jerking speech on television in the 1952 campaign to save himself from an obvious misdeed. And so I would conclude by saying that if Richard Nixon is not sincere, he is the most dangerous man in America.

—Martin Luther King Jr.[46]

Nixon presided over the Senate between 1957-61, when Johnson was Senate Majority Leader. They were competing with each other to pass a civil rights bill in either '57 or '58. This was in the face of fierce backlash from Congressional Southern Democrats.[47] Nixon backed the 1957 Civil Rights bill, and arguably had a better record on civil rights than Kennedy in 1960. As Vice President, he was an advocate for desegregation of schools and “black capitalism” with the belief that, instead of welfare programs, African-Americans should be incentivized to start their own businesses and lift themselves out of poverty.[48] He viewed these as potential inroads to “the negro vote”, and Eisenhower carried 40% of the black vote in the sixties.[49] Martin Luther King Jr. was a fan of Nixon for that reason, and supported Nixon's first bid for President.

This is a nuanced topic for any President, but more schools were desegregated under Nixon than under Ike, Kennedy, or LBJ. However, saying this was because of anything Nixon did is misleading. It came down to the Warren court who interpreted the Commerce Clause to mean desegregating hotels, restaurants, etc. in the south., which led to busing becoming a major political issue in the 70s. Nixon, who opposed busing as a way to desegregate schools,[50][51] enforced the Court's ruling nonetheless.[52] This led to a quick increase in the number of schools desegregated. It was the combined efforts of the three Presidents mentioned that appointed the judges who ruled 9-0 for desegregation. Some historians have re-evaluated the Nixon administration's policies on integration: For example, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development was not doing its job to enforce integration in Northern cities and Nixon did nothing to change that.[53] Likewise, the "Philadelphia Plan" made unions establish goals and timetables for hiring minorities. Nixon initially supported it, but pivoted when polling and data indicated that conservative (i.e. white) labor groups supported his actions in Vietnam and were more likely to dislike protestors.[54][55]

The Southern Strategy originated with Goldwater;[56] he just figured it out too late. The writing was on the wall during the '60 campaign: After Dr. King was jailed in Georgia, Nixon didn't make any calls on his behalf, but Kennedy did.[57] King’s father was a well-known Republican. Nixon’s silence, which Jackie Robinson couldn’t talk him out of,[58] was interpreted as not wanting to piss off the Noisy Minority.

Nixon was quick to peel off Reagan primary voters by turning race relations into a "state's rights" issue.[59][60] Southern Kingmaker Strom Thurmond openly supported Nixon and tilted the south in his favor.[61] If Agnew was supposed to balance out Nixon's more rightist thinking, it didn't happen. From 1964 onward, Agnew was compared with Goldwater, though still with a law and order hoo-rah stance, and he was vocal enough in pushing back against black communities to keep the south happy.[62] There is no doubt that the Southern Strategy existed: one of Nixon's strategists laid it out in documents, and later, a book.[63] In 2005, the Republican National Committee chairman formally apologized to the NAACP.[64]

During his presidency, Nixon set up the "Political Enemies Project” with the purpose of compiling a list of people that he didn't like and using "the available federal machinery" to "screw" with them,[65] which included ordering IRS audits and planting false stories in the press. For Nixon, it was enough to be a famous African-American, so everyone from James Brown to the Black Panthers were on his shitlist. (Is there a good reason why every black Congressman is on it?)[66] His administration started cracking down on narcotics partially because Hoover could use it as an excuse to arrest large numbers of organized blacks.[67]

Internationally, Nixon was not much better. Anthony Lake documented in his book The "Tar Baby" Option: American Policy Towards Southern Rhodesia how many United States Presidents enabled the Apartheid in South Africa at the time. The term was coined by State Department critics of what Nixon was doing, with the term being a reference to an old Bre'r Rabbit tale, although the term today is widely seen as a racial slur.[68]

### The Shart of the Deal[edit]

See, when I said I'd wind down the war, what I meant was adding two new countries to it.

“”We bombed them into accepting our concessions.

—John Negroponte, National Security Council director for Vietnam during the Nixon administration.[69]

The sixties were pretty bipartisan when it came to the whole war thing. In 1967, the US halted bombing as a goodwill gesture. It was purely a political move by Johnson to help Humphrey. He knew the North Vietnamese wouldn't accept anything less than unconditional withdrawal by the US. Nixon told the South Vietnamese to wait until he got elected to get a better deal.[70] Probably a violation of the Logan Act i.e. felonies. He insinuated that LBJ should just put his money where his mouth is and accuse Nixon of wrongdoing.[71] Johnson only knew of Nixon's treachery via an illegal FBI wiretap. Johnson could make no formal charges without revealing that he, too, was a lawbreaker.[72]

Nixon had promised (or implied) during his campaign that he would negotiate a Korean-style peace rather than revert to Johnson-style escalation.[73] Instead he ordered Kissinger to extend the bombings into Cambodia and hit the Viet Cong in the border areas.[74][75][76] Kissinger and Nixon hid it from Congress, the CIA, the State Department and even the Pentagon by cooking the books on mission logs.[77] Ellsberg was involved in the Vietnam-era defense industry and found that Kissinger was rejecting the input of government consultants to Cambodia because they didn't "have clearances."[78] After the details were leaked, Nixon had his staff illegally wiretapped.[79]

Protests erupted across the United States and four students were shot dead during demonstrations at Kent State University in Ohio.[80] Crowds of demonstrators outside the White House were so thick that they had to call in the National Guard.[81] In the midst of this, Nixon made an early morning visit to the Lincoln Memorial to pretend to care what young people think.[82] Congress barred further military action in the region,[83] and that was one more nail in Nixon's coffin.

Although Viet Cong fighters and supplies were coming in through Laos and Cambodia, the aimless nature of the bombing did not help matters in the slightest. Nixon started the bombings in 1969. By 1971, all North Vietnamese losses had been replaced, and the supply line was altered.[84][85][86] Relations between North Vietnam and Cambodia deteriorated when Pol Pot's racist ideology took effect.[87][88] After the U.S. intervention, which lasted until 1973, Pot used the devastation to justify his purges of other ethnic groups,[89][90][91][92] only to be stopped by communist Vietnam.[93][94]

The administration was able to muck their way through 'Nam while announcing major breakthroughs (without going into too much detail).[95][96][97] When the Paris Peace Accords were finally signed in '73, the agreement was pretty much the same as the one proposed in '68. The war ended with South Vietnam not existing anymore. Vietnam is still a socialist republic with a one-party system and the Vietnamese are enjoying a better life. Nixon also said, "I'm not going to be the first president to lose a war."[98] Best dealmaker ever. About a third of Americans who were killed in combat (roughly 25,000) did so during the Nixon presidency.[99]

Nixon's public face was that of someone who opposed the arms race, whereas in reality he was a barely-controlled lush who didn't consider treaties all that important, but that only came out years afterwards.[100] His entire idea of "peace with honor" was based around his "Madman Theory" of seeming like he was one bad election season from making Fallout a reality.[101][102] That's what brought Kissinger into the inner circle in the first place. (To be fair, fantasizing about mass civilian casualties was the only way the Kissinger could finish.)[103] An unsubstantiated rumor has it that Nixon ordered a nuclear attack on North Korea which was ignored because he was shitfaced. Thanks to the infamous tapes, we know that Nixon did at one point badger Kissinger about the possibility of nuclear war,[104][105] but it was never put into practice.

### Watergate and resignation[edit]

Nixon giving his final V-for-victory" gesture after resigning. It was used during his tenure to signify victory in Vietnam.

See the main article on this topic: Watergate scandal

“”I had not been trained as a criminal lawyer, to become counsel to the president. I realized later it was essential.

—John Dean, former White House Counsel[106]

Nixon’s second term was going to be one of revenge (using the IRS and other resources) against his “enemies” from his first term. (He even had a list of enemies.[107]) He tried to get the FBI to be his private goon squad, but J. Edgar Hoover (an astute political survivor) told Nixon to take a hike. So Nixon’s team pulled together its own random team of bumbling amateur goons who had breathtaking overconfidence in their own abilities.[108][109][110] Each break-in they attempted—Ellsberg’s psychiatrist’s office, the Watergate office building—was an unmitigated disaster; the Watergate burglary was actually the third time his operatives had broken into it.[111] When the burglars were caught, the money trail quickly lead to Nixon's Attorney General.[112] And who was it that turned Nixon in to the Washington Post? The FBI; the very people Nixon was trying to go around.[113]

Nixon held a meeting three days after the break-in. An 18½-minute gap in the audio begins right as the conversation turns to Watergate.[114] Nixon's secretary Rose Mary Woods was supposed to have leaned waaay back in her chair and accidentally held down a distortion pedal for the better part of twenty minutes.[115] Do You Believe That?

The Articles of Impeachment don't accuse Nixon of having foreknowledge of the break-in.[116] (In the tapes, Nixon openly wondered which bonehead ordered it.)[117] The Third Article accuses Nixon of ignoring subpoenas. The other two focus on Nixon conspiring to pay hush money to the burglars, try to derail the FBI investigation, lie and withhold evidence, and tell witnesses to perjure themselves,[118] all in the span of two minutes.[No, not The Onion] Firing the replacement Attorney General and his deputy on the same night because they wouldn't close down the investigation didn't make him look good.[119] (Imagine if Clinton had fired Ken Starr.) Nixon's Vice President was forced to resign due to a financial scandal.[120] Afterward, Nixon made a deal with Agnew's replacement, Gerald Ford, whereby Nixon would be pardoned after resigning his office. Ford also wrangled the votes to thwart the early Watergate investigation.[121]

Public opinion didn't start turning on Nixon until he sued for control over his tapes.[122] These were the Oval Office recordings in which he said some outrageous stuff that would be political suicide if he uttered it in public: how blacks are in jail because of the violence gene,[123] or how blacks are more reliable than Jews because they are dumber and less able to scheme,[124] etc. There was a debate over whether Nixon was unbalanced and a threat to national security.[125]

In his interview with David Frost, Nixon made the outrageous claim that, "When the President does it, that means it's not illegal."[126] Post-'74, of course, he was reduced to making publicity appearances with Robocop.[127]

## Last liberal President[edit]

Another important Presidential campaign poster from '72.

Nixon is often cited as the last liberal president because during his administration he enacted several major social and environmental reforms, arguably the largest since FDR, and not at any scale since. This included the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the establishment of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the creation of Section 8 housing through the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 which dramatically expanded upon the prior Section 23 program, the creation of Supplemental Security Income (SSI), and a significant increase in funding for food stamps. These initiatives reflected a commitment to government intervention in social welfare and environmental protection that many associate with liberal policy. These efforts by the Nixon administration were perhaps not reflective of the Republican Party as a whole, as the Nixon administration largely worked with a Democratic majority in the House and Senate.

This was not just an aberration, in private, Nixon chided popular conservatives, including Buckley as not "giving a damn about people", stating, "The only thing that's as bad as a far left liberal is a damn right-wing conservative". In another private conservation he chided the GOP as a whole stating, "the GOP is basically made up of two groups, the Goldwater wing who don't like poor people and the Rockefeller wing who are glad to give them money as long as they don't have to be seen with them.[128]

Nixon's approach to healthcare was a lot like Obama's. Listening to the relevant White House tape, you can hear him be presented with the idea of privatized HMOs whose central feature is denying more claims to pay out as little money as possible. Nixon loved the idea.[129] The initial deal he proposed in 1971 was too insurance-friendly for Teddy's tastes.[130] Nixon also vetoed the Comprehensive Child Development Act,[131] which would have provided subsidized or free childcare for the whole country. It was defeated thanks to some well-timed fearmongering from conservatives who decried it as the thin edge of communism.[132]

Nixon pushed for legislation to reduce environmental pollution. Both Senate and House bills incorporated elements of Nixon’s ideas, showing bipartisan effort to tackle pollution, though Democrats pushed for more aggressive action.[133]

By the late 1960s and early 1970s, industrial economies, especially the U.S., had become heavily reliant on oil, much of it imported from the Middle East. Domestic oil production in the U.S. peaked around 1970, increasing dependence on limited oil supplies. To compensate, Nixon’s administration pushed for burning more coal, but meeting EPA pollution guidelines required installing scrubbers, technology that was scarce at the time. In an effort to ease energy shortages and support the economy, Nixon’s administration sought to relax some EPA pollution standards.[134]

As with many things, Amtrak was born because Nixon wanted to bail out the railroad companies.[135][136] The maps drawn up by his administration amusingly describe his attitude: the maps are ranked from Presidential risk of blame for killing passenger car service to balanced budgets by 1980. The latter plan would have killed all routes except for the northeast, Chicago and Florida. The bipartisan intent was to kill Amtrak by 1980.[137]

Like in that ancient Vulcan proverb, Nixon proposed welcoming "China back into the world community" by seeking to make changes through dialogue,[138] and stated that U.S. involvement in Vietnam was "proof that communism is not necessarily the wave of Asia's future." Nixon was warned by Phyllis Schlafly that he would lose the support of the 'grassroots.'[139] It's no secret that the John Birch types, such as the ones who spat on Lady Bird Johnson during a protest,[140] turned on Eisenhower for allegedly being soft on communism. Their distaste transferred over to Nixon. Birchers even supported a primary challenger to Nixon in '72.[141]

The Bohemian Grove is considered by some to be the Illuminati. This syncs up nicely with a quote by Nixon, which is used for speculation that the CIA did him in because they couldn't handle a Quaker this raw. The quote in-context isn’t as scathing as it sounds: it’s just him complaining to his advisors about how close the Grove is to San Francisco, which makes it gay.[No, not The Onion] It wasn’t principled disdain for the Deep State on Dick’s part.[142]

### "Nixon Shock"[edit]

The economy went to Hell under Nixon. Under the Bretton Woods agreement of 1944, the U.S. dollar was convertible to gold. The idea was to link other currencies together by valuing them against the dollar, which could be exchanged for a fixed amount of gold. Basically, the U.S. printed too many dollars and there was a sort of bank run going on.[143] It was impossible to hold enough gold to balance the sheets, so Nixon "temporarily" suspended payments to countries who wanted to exchange their dollars for gold.[144]

In 1971, Nixon ordered tax cuts, a 90-day price and wage freeze, and a 10% tariff on imports.[145] He also tried permanent Daylight Savings Time in an attempt to save fuel.[146] There are folks well to the right of Nixon who call him a liberal due to his emergency measures to resolve stagflation,[147][148] which are violations of free market principles.

## Achievements[edit]

Nixon seemed really naive about entertainers and drug use.[149]

“”Even Richard Nixon has got soul.

—Neil Young, "Campaigner"

His views seem incongruous to modern conservatism because modern conservatism is just the same opinions copy and pasted.

* Signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, and unilaterally ended US biological and chemical weapons research.
* OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) is harder to attribute to Nixon because it was the culmination of almost a century of labor organization, but he did sign it into law.[150]
* Expanded Social Security and campaigned for it to be indexed against inflation.[151][152] In doing so, he flipped it from non-discretionary government spending to discretionary (mandatory) spending. The Republican drive to privatize Social Security is a red herring. They can't get rid of it, they can only borrow from it to give the rich tax breaks.
* Roe v. Wade was decided 7-2. Warren E. Burger and Lewis F. Powell, both Nixon appointees, joined the majority decision. Nixon also thought that abortions should be legal, in part, for unwanted mixed race pregnancies.[153] Swing and a miss.
* Signed Title IX into law, banning federally funded education programs from discriminating based on sex.[154]
* Championed the 26th Amendment lowering the voting age to 18. Nixon was probably aware that the majority of the people enfranchised by the amendment were left-wing Democrat supporters, but viewed it as necessary to make American democracy stronger.[155]
* Nixon was elected on a draft abolition platform. After he won, the draft was reformed, extended for two more years, then ended in 1973.[156]
* He also was the first President to declare war on cancer! Which in hindsight was insanely optimistic but a good try. And he established the National Cancer Institute as autonomous within the National Institute of Health.[157] That slashed the red tape and gave cancer research funding priority.
* Russia, land of pogroms and blood libels, had an Antisemitism problem going back to Peter the Great. There was a public call, especially within the Jewish community (which Kissinger was part of), for Nixon to lean on the Soviet Union to grant passports to Jews. Kissinger's hardcore realism meant he cared little for refugees and so any effort expended to help them would be a net loss.[158] In the audio you can hear Kissinger banging something with his fist to emphasize the point. Kissinger was always the voice of reason.[159] Do You Believe That? Nevertheless, in the Russian Wheat Deal of 1972, Nixon traded wheat for Jewish immigrants held hostage in the Soviet Union.[160]
* Nixon is commonly cited as one of, if not the most positive president for Native American affairs.[161][162][163][164][165][166] Shows that even the worst Presidents can still have a cult following in other communities.
* While he has, in recent years, faced accusations of being connected to the Mafia due to his connections to several organized crime figures, his administration was responsible for the Organized Crime Control Act and RICO, which are credited with practically destroying the American Mafia as a force.[167]

## Underachievements[edit]

We will watch your career with great interest.

“”The only dope worth shooting is Richard Nixon.

—Abbie Hoffman, "God Bless America — Shoot Nixon"

Nixon is also famous for getting things horribly wrong:

* Helped formulate the pact with Golda Meir agreeing that Israel would never admit they possess nuclear weapons so as to maintain good relations with the U.S.[168]
* At least partially responsible for the rise of Pinochet in Chile, so that'd be a negative.[169][170]
* Greece briefly became fascist again during the 60s-70s. Nixon and Kissinger were in love with the dictatorship, and the coup was officially backed by the CIA (wow what a surprise). It's a bit similar to the Diem assassination in Vietnam four years earlier: Americans didn't orchestrate it, but that didn't mean they wouldn't support the new anti-communist regime, which was their main concern. There's book written by a right wing journalist, Alexandros Papachelas (so there's no "commie" bias) which talks about that period and America's involvement titled A Dark Room.
* In 1968, as LBJ tried to start peace negotiations to end the Vietnam War, one of the diplomats he sent was a certain Henry Kissinger. Kissinger, unbeknownst to LBJ, was already aligned with Nixon and kept Nixon informed on what was happening. Nixon would then use this info to have another diplomat, Anna Chennault sabotage the negotiations, thus preventing LBJ and the Democrats from successfully ending the war in time for the election that November, and allowing Nixon and Kissinger to successfully conduct peace negotiations later.[171][172] And in a Ned Starkian level of naively boneheaded politics, LBJ and Hubert Humphrey (LBJ's successor as Democratic candidate in 1968), both of whom had knowledge of Nixon's illegal and unethical acts, refused to publicize the situation, which allowed Nixon's plan to wildly succeed.[173] Over 20,000 Americans[174] were killed between 1969 and 1973 just so that Nixon could win an election.[175]
* Nixon hated India's neutral stance during the Cold War (which in Nixon's eyes meant being pro-Soviet). At the time, Kissinger and Nixon were using Pakistan as a back-channel to normalize relations with China, India's hated enemy. This led to the U.S. giving about $2 million in military equipment to Pakistan,[176] ignoring their mass rapes of Bengalis and destruction of temples.[177][178] (The Pakistani Army tried to take as many "intellectuals" as they could down with them so Bangladesh would struggle as a nation post-independence.)[179] Directing his puppet nations to assist Pakistan by sending planes was illegal, but Kissinger told Nixon to go ahead with it anyway.[180] Not surprising considering their immense shared hatred of Indians.[181] In addition, Nixon and Kissinger were responsible for either ignoring or punishing Foreign Service officers who reported what was going on.[182][183]
* NASA had big plans for the post-moon landing era, but they were blindsided by how quickly they lost support after Apollo 11. Of course, unwinnable wars in the early seventies took away all hope for exploring space. During the Nixon presidency, funding was cut for Apollo 18, 19, and 20,[184] and the Apollo Applications Program (which planned to establish a permanent lunar base and send people to Mars) was also cut. The other very cool technology Nixon shut down was thorium reactors.[185] Any intervening presidents could have put NASA back on course, but they didn't. It was a publicity stunt from the beginning.
* His Secretary of Agriculture was Rusty Butz,[No, not The Onion] who looked like a character out of Dr. Strangelove's war room. He created conditions in which small family farms couldn't compete and were consolidated into industrial-scale corn and soy farming.[186] That's why high-fructose corn syrup is in everything, why gasoline is like 15+% ethanol, why livestock are force-fed a diet of soy protein and corn, and so on.
* Modern Supreme Court shenanigans started with Nixon:
* Clement Haynsworth had issued rulings that supported segregation.[187] Unsurprisingly, the Senate rejected him 45-55.
* G. Harold Carswell had an abysmally-thin resume and a history of being an open white supremacist.[188] Some GOP senator urged his colleagues to overlook his shortcomings because mediocre people need representation on the bench, too.[189] [No, not The Onion] Carswell was later charged with making a pass at an undercover male cop in a public restroom.[190]
* Lewis F. Powell of the "Powell Memorandum", a confidential memo which called for corporate America to be more aggressive in profligating their influence.[191] Nixon later put Powell, a former corporate lobbyist, on the Supreme Court. As Justice, Powell authored the 5-4 majority opinion National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti which further expanded "corporate personhood" and enshrined money in politics into law.[192]
* Before he got promoted, William Rehnquist was a right-wing apparatchik in the Nixon Administration, and it showed.[193] Nixon seemed happy that Mildred Lillie was Catholic, but was flatly unwilling willing to go to the mat for a woman, no matter how qualified.[194] Ten years later, Ronald Reagan did take that chance, nominating Sandra Day O'Connor.
* Backed a proposal to cut the funding for PBS in half.[195] After Fred Rogers testified in front of the Senate and sang a few words here and there, the audience was so captivated that PBS funding was increased from $9 million to $22 million. And then Mitt Romney told the nation in a debate (in front of a moderator who worked for PBS) that he would cut funding for it. Gotta make room for those oil subsidies and mega rich tax loopholes somehow.[196]
* Nixon had a real acumen for surrounding himself with full-fledged lunatics:
* Roger Ailes — As a media consultant during Nixon's presidency, he suggested that the Republicans develop what he called "G.O.P. T.V."[197]
* Pat Buchanan — Speechwriter who coined the phrase "Silent Majority." He tried to pivot the Republican Party away from free trade, free markets, and free... invading other countries? Okay, that broke down, but in any case, very few of his social policies are good.[198] He was last politically relevant thirty years ago, so we don't think about him too much.
* Dick Cheney — Staffer to Rumsfeld. Ethically moribund. One of the most active pushers of expansion of Executive privilege.
* Chuck Colson — White House counsel, Watergate operative.
* Lucianne Goldberg — Mother of Jonah. A right-wing activist whose career was made on spreading salacious material and conspiracy theories.[199]
* G. Gordon Liddy — Nixon created "the Plumbers" to do what the FBI regularly did, only reporting directly to Nixon instead of Hoover. But he hired morons to do it. In his testimony before the Senate Watergate Committee, former Attorney General John Mitchell said that if he could go back in time, he wouldn’t just throw Liddy out of his office, but out of the window.[200]
* Karl Rove — Why are so many Nixon admin bastards still alive?[201]
* Donald Rumsfeld — A "ruthless little bastard." (Nixon meant it endearingly.)[202]
* Ben Stein — Speechwriter and Fox News regular. Anti-vax, creationist, general right-wing economic stuff, politely-racist stuff about BLM etc.[203] Would love a similar show called Seize Ben Stein's Money where we make him poor.
* Roger Stone — Can't wait for him to join Liddy in Hell.
* Unification Church — Sun Myung Moon, a prophet of the right-wing, first came to prominence as a die-hard Nixon defender.[204]

### Personal affectations and grooming[edit]

Nixon was a sweaty, smelly, hard-drinking, vindictive, bitter, paranoid, foulmouthed anti-Semite who suffered from heavy beard growth and a raging inferiority complex.[citation NOT needed]

## Nixon's legacy[edit]

Nixon tried to win without appealing to racism and lost the first time. It was only after he became focused on the politics of white grievances that he won, and conservatives haven't had a brain since. Nixon got about 15% of the black vote when he ran against Humphrey and McGovern.[205] Since that time, no GOP candidate has broken 20%.[206] (They now get low single digits.)[207]

At a time when overt antisemitism was beginning to vanish from mainstream American culture, Richard Nixon was the most profoundly antisemitic president in U.S. history. In the Nixon tapes, he repeatedly accuses American Jews of placing "Jewish interests" before American ones, almost verbatim reuse of one of 19th-century Europe's most pernicious anti-Semitic canards. Nixon's obsession with the Evil Jew was only part of a profoundly paranoid personality that saw vast, byzantine conspiracies lurking everywhere. It is ironic (but predictable) that such a committed conspiracy theorist was responsible for some of the most outrageous conspiracies ever perpetrated in American politics. He combined his conspiracism with a rash, callous attitude towards war.

Nixon supporters (30% of the country) stood by him for a long time after Watergate. Responses included:[208]

☑ Everybody does it. (Actually, that was the spin at the time. Truth is, nobody else was breaking into, trespassing onto, or otherwise stealing their opposition's stuff.)

☑ The U.S. needs a Strongman

☑ The Liberals are out to get Nixon, you can’t trust the CIA or the FBI (with a lot of similarities to the modern Deep State conversation)

☑ Nixon is the only one who can defend traditional gender roles/race hierarchy.

☑ What about Chappaquiddick? With Nobody Died at Watergate bumper stickers being popular at the time.

## Terrify your kids with these Nixon quotes![edit]

Hidden microphones disguised as Chapstick tubes that were uncovered from a White House safe. Nothing weird about this, right?

1. "The Indians need—what they need really is a mass famine."[181]
2. "Indian women are the most unattractive." — ~~We have heard enough of his lies.~~
3. "The Jews are born spies."[142]
4. "Many Jews in the Communist conspiracy. [Whittaker] Chambers and [Alger] Hiss were the only non-Jews."[209]
5. "I didn’t notice many Jewish names coming back from Vietnam on any of those lists; I don’t know how the hell they avoid it. If you look at the Canadian-Swedish contingent, they were very disproportionately Jewish. The deserters."[210]
6. "It's unfortunate, but this has happened to the Jews, happened in Spain, it happened in Germany, it's happening, and now it's gonna happen in America if these people don't start behaving. It may be they have a death wish, that's been the problem with our Jewish friends for centuries."[211]
7. "They're for peace at any price, except where the support of Israel is concerned. The best Jews are actually the Israeli Jews."[211]
8. "The Mexicans are a different cup of tea. They have a heritage. At the present time they steal, they're dishonest, but they do have some concept of family life. They don't live like a bunch of dogs."[142]
9. "Screw State! State's always on the side of the blacks. The hell with them!"[212]
10. "I think it’s wrong if you’re talking in terms of 50 years. What has to happen is they have to be, frankly, inbred.”[210] — on desegregation
11. "My point is that Boy Scout leaders, YMCA leaders, and others bring them in that direction, and teachers."[213] — on gays
12. "I won't shake hands with anybody from San Francisco."[142]
13. "You know what happened to the Greeks! Homosexuality destroyed them. Sure, Aristotle was a homo. We all know that. So was Socrates."[142] — Richard Nixon, paranoid classics professor
14. "Let's look at the strong societies. The Russians. Goddamn, they root 'em out. They don't let 'em around at all. I don't know what they do with them. Look at this country. You think the Russians allow dope? Homosexuality, dope, immorality..."[142]
15. "The press is the enemy. The press is the enemy. The press is the enemy. The establishment is the enemy. The professors are the enemy. The professors are the enemy. Write that on a blackboard 100 times and never forget it." To which, Kissinger agreed on the press being the enemy but was silent on whether the professors were the enemy, implying that he was too terrified to say anything but content to collude with a madman. Kissinger had been a Harvard University professor before joining the Nixon White House.[214]

## Awesome quotes[edit]

A little sampling that tells you just how insane Nixon was. Ladies and gentlemen, the former steward of the world's second-largest nuclear arsenal!

* "I still think we ought to take the North Vietnamese dikes out now. Will that drown people? … No, no, no, I'd rather use the nuclear bomb. Have you got that, Henry? … The nuclear bomb, does that bother you? I just want you to think big, Henry, for Christsakes. The only place where you and I disagree is with regard to the bombing. You're so goddamned concerned about civilians, and I don't give a drat. I don't care."[215]
* "I call it the Madman Theory, Bob [Haldeman]. I want the North Vietnamese to believe I've reached the point where I might do anything to stop the war. We'll just slip the word to them that, "for God's sake, you know Nixon is obsessed about communism. We can't restrain him when he's angry—and he has his hand on the nuclear button" and Ho Chi Minh himself will be in Paris in two days begging for peace."[216]
* "You don't have Nixon to kick around any more" (originally published as "You won't have Nixon to kick around any more")[217]
* "And in all of my years of public life, I have never obstructed justice. And I think, too, that I can say that in my years of public life, that I welcome this kind of examination because people have got to know whether or not their President's a crook. Well, I'm not a crook. I've earned everything I've got."[218]
* "[Expletive deleted]" (from the initial public transcripts of the White House tapes)
* "…but when the President does it, that means it is not illegal…"[219]
* "When the American people look at you they see what they want to be; when they look at me they see what they are."[220]
* "Sock it to me?"[221]

### Jews[edit]

* "Fucking Jew-bastards everywhere!"
* "The Jewish cabal is out to get me."[222]
* "You know, it's a funny thing, every one of the bastards that are out for legalizing marijuana are Jewish. What the Christ is the matter with the Jews, Bob? What is the matter with them? I suppose it is because most of them are psychiatrists."[223]
* "Many Jews in the Communist conspiracy. Chambers and Hiss were the only non-Jews. Many thought that Hiss was. He could have been a half. Every other one was a Jew--and it raised hell for us. But in this case, I hope to God he's not a Jew."[224]
* "The Jews are irreligious, atheistic, immoral bunch of bastards."[225]
* "But, Bob, generally speaking, you can't trust the bastards. They turn on you. Am I wrong or right?[226]
* "As long as I'm sitting in the chair, there's not going to be any Jew appointed to that court."
* "Anybody who is Jewish cannot handle [the Middle East]. Even though Henry’s, I know, as fair as he can possibly be, he can't help but be affected by it. You know, put yourself in his position. Good God! You know, his people were crucified over there. Jesus Christ! And five million of them, popped into bake ovens! What the hell does he feel about all this?"[227]
* "They put the Jewish interest above America's interest and it's about goddamn time that the Jew in America realizes he's an American first and a Jew second."[228]
* "Goddamn his Jewish soul!".[228]
* "[Jews want] peace at any price except where support for Israel is concerned. The best Jews are actually the Israeli Jews."

### Black people[edit]

See the main article on this topic: African Americans

Nixon's racialization of crime began with his 1968 presidential campaign, and set the tone for the future Republican candidates: Ronald Reagan ("welfare queen"),[229]:138[230] George H. W. Bush (Willie Horton) in 1988, and Donald Trump who had a head start before running for president (racist housing discrimination in the 1960s-1970s and Central Park Five in 1989).

* "There are times when an abortion is necessary. I know that. When you have a black and a white. Or a rape."[231]
* "I have the greatest affection for them [Negroes] but I know they're not going to make it for 500 years. They aren't. You know it, too. The Mexicans are a different cup of tea. They have a heritage. At the present time they steal, they're dishonest, but they do have some concept of family life. They don't live like a bunch of dogs, which the Negroes do live like."[142]
* "Screw [the Department of] State! State's always on the side of the blacks. The hell with them!"[232]
* "Blacks can't run Jamaica. Nowhere, and they won't be able to for a hundred years, and maybe not for a thousand.[228]
* "You have to face the fact that the whole problem is really blacks. The key is to develop a system that recognized this while not appearing to." Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman's diary quoting Nixon's propagandistic rationalization for the war on crime.[233]:24-25

### Quotes about him[edit]

* "The illegal we do at once; the unconstitutional takes a little longer." — Henry Kissinger,[234] parodying the slogan "The difficult we do immediately, the impossible takes a little longer." (allegedly the motto of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers during World War II)[235]
* "Nixon is the weirdest man to have ever lived in the White House." — White House Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman.[236]
* "My God, if I had done everything Richard Nixon told me to do, I'd probably be in Leavenworth [prison] today!" — Gen. Alexander Haig[236]
* "Richard Nixon is a no good, lying bastard. He can lie out of both sides of his mouth at the same time, and if he ever caught himself telling the truth, he'd lie just to keep his hand in." — Harry Truman[237]
* "He's like a Spanish horse who runs faster than anyone for the first nine lengths and then turns around and runs backwards. You'll see; he'll do something wrong in the end. He always does." — Lyndon Johnson, 1969
* "He inherited some good instincts from his Quaker forebears but by diligent hard work, he overcame them." — James Reston[238]
* "Richard Nixon was a really, really bad guy." — Jonathan Chait[239]
* "He was the most dishonest individual I ever met in my life. President Nixon lied to his wife, his family, his friends, longtime colleagues in the US Congress, lifetime members of his own political party, the American people and the world." — Barry Goldwater[240]
* "Do you realize the responsibility I carry? I'm the only person standing between Richard Nixon and the White House." — John F. Kennedy[241]
* "If the right people had been in charge of Nixon's funeral, his casket would have been launched into one of those open-sewage canals that empty into the ocean just south of Los Angeles. He was a swine of a man and a jabbering dupe of a president. Nixon was so crooked that he needed servants to help him screw his pants on every morning. Even his funeral was illegal. He was queer in the deepest way. His body should have been burned in a trash bin." — Hunter S. Thompson[242]
* "Nixon is the kind of politician who would cut down a redwood tree then mount the stump for a speech on conservation." — Adlai Stevenson[243]:10

## See also[edit]

* Tony Blair — Another man bogged down in an illegal war whose "devout" beliefs did not matter the moment he discovered power.
* Ronald Reagan \- Fellow Governor of California who also pioneered widespread political misinformation, dismantled much of the welfare state, antagonized the labor movement, facilitated the deaths of many leftists overseas, cracked down on black people out of sheer bigotry, armed far-right Muslim extremists who committed crimes with US support (Pakistan for Nixon; Mujahideen for Reagan), supported numerous dictatorships, and repeatedly bombed, invaded, or overthrew the governments of other countries who opposed the US.
* George W. Bush \- His administration was stacked with former Nixon apparatchiks, including Dick Cheney, this time supported by a media apparatus built by Roger Ailes, another former Nixon apparatchik.
* Donald Trump \- A boorish, paranoid, racist, megalomaniacal old man with severe delusions of grandeur who believed himself above the law and immune to the Constitution, personally threatened the very concept of American democracy, turned the federal government into a weapon against the American people as a whole, and found himself supported by numerous cult-like followers who deny reality to defend everything he does.

## External links[edit]

* See the Wikipedia article on Dick Tuck. — he managed to troll Tricky Dick on several occasions
* He beat Pat and Sy was like 'I thought that was his business'
* Rosemary Awards — The National Security Archive gives out an annual "Rosemary" for particularly lame responses to FOIA requests.

### Videos[edit]

* Nixon campaign song — Had the potential to be the funniest sitcom ever, but it became the best drama instead.
* Nixon taps the ivories for "15 Democratic violinists" on The Tonight Show — Marshall McLuhan, of "The Medium is the Massage" fame, stated that if Nixon had made this appearance before the 1960 election he'd probably have beaten JFK.

## References[edit]

1. ↑ Richard Nixon Quote
2. ↑ Ames, Mark, "We, the Spiteful", The eXile 22 January 2011.
3. ↑ "October 7, 1960 Presidential Candidates Debate" via C-SPAN. Event occurs at 52:34.
4. ↑ Bruschke, Jon, "Debunking Nixon’s radio victory in the 1960 election", The Social Science Journal Vol. 54, Issue 1, March 2017, pp 67-75.
5. ↑ Kallina, Edmund, "Was the 1960 Presidential Election Stolen? The Case of Illinois", Presidential Studies Quarterly. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 113–118. Via JSTOR.
6. ↑ "14 Electors Vow to Vote for Byrd", New York Times 13 December 1960.
7. ↑ The 1962 Election in California
8. ↑ Richard Nixon, Press Conference, Nov 7, 1962
9. ↑ Weaver Jr., Warren, "Wallace Proclaims Himself a 'Spoiler' in the 1968 Campaign", New York Times 27 April 1967 p.36.
10. ↑ "Chicago Trial Told of a McCarthy Pact", New York Times 22 p.38.
11. ↑ Wicker, Tom, "Democrats Delay Fight on the Vietnam Plank; Kennedy Rejects Draft", New York Times 29 April 1968.
12. ↑ "Connally Sees More Democrats Supporting Nixon", New York Times 21 September 1972 p.41.
13. ↑ Lardner Jr., George, "Kennedy Moves to Rebut Articles on Chapaquiddick", Washington Post 16 January 1980.
14. ↑ "Nixon and Muskie Nearly Even At 43% and 42% in Gallup Poll", New York Times 31 July 1972 p.69.
15. ↑ Saxon, Wolfgang, "William Loeb is Dead at 75", New York Times 14 September 1981 p. 15.
16. ↑ "`Canuck’ Letter Sought From Paper by F.B.I.", New York Times 28 July 1978 p.8.
17. ↑ Lynn, Frank, "Democratic Convention", New York Times 14 July 1978 p.13.
18. ↑ Robert, Steven V., "Humphrey Insists He Will Not Quit", New York Times 8 June 1972, p1.
19. ↑ Weaver Jr., "Governors Cool as McGovern Visits Meeting to Get Support", New York Times 7 June 1972 p.28.
20. ↑ "Democratic Convention", New York Times 14 July 1972 p.11.
21. ↑ Noah, Timothy, "Acid, Amnesty, and Abortion”: The Unlikely Source of a Legendary Smear", New Republic 22 October 2012.
22. ↑ Lawrence, W.H., "Democratic Keynote Talk Assails Nixon as 'Hatchet Man' of G.O.P.; Lays 'Indifference' to President", New York Times, 14 August 1956.
23. ↑ Aiken, Jonathan, Nixon: A Life, Gateway Books 1992 p.125.
24. ↑ O'Neill, Tip, Man of the House: The Life and Political Memoirs of Speaker Tip O'Neill, St. Martin’s Press, 1988 p.158.
25. ↑ Weiser, Benjamin, "Nixon Lobbied Grand Jury to Indict Hiss in Espionage Case, Transcripts Reveal", New York Times 12 October 1999.
26. ↑ Davis, Lawrence E., "Gov. Warren Crushes Roosevelt; Mrs. Douglas Is Beaten by Nixon", New York Times 8 November 1950.
27. ↑ Pearson, Richard, "Ex-Rep. Jerry Voorhis Dies", Washington Post 12 September 1984.
28. ↑ Turner, Wallace, "Control of Secret Fund Linked to 3 Near Nixon", New York Times 23 September 1973 p.1.
29. ↑ Fox, Margalit, "L. Carrol, 83, Is Dead ", New York Times 17 May 2006.
30. ↑ Blair, William F., "Nixon is Hopeful on Senate Rebels", New York Times October 1956 p.25.
31. ↑ "Dewey Upholds Nixon", New York Times' 15 March 1962.
32. ↑ "Eisenhower Payers Cast New Light on Nixon in 1956", New York Times 4 October 1969 p.19.
33. ↑ Would You Buy a Used War from This Man 1973) Warner.
34. ↑ Aitkin, Jonathan, Richard Nixon: A Life, 633 pp. January 1993.
35. ↑ "Some Quakers Urging Pastor to Oust Nixon", New York Times 25 November 1973 p.39.
36. ↑ "Excerpts From Interview With Nixon About Domestic Effects of Indochina War", New York Times 20 May 1977 p. 16.
37. ↑ Firestone, David, "Billy Graham Responds to Lingering Anger Over 1972 Remarks on Jews", New York Times 17 March 2002.
38. ↑ Frady, Marshall, Billy Graham: A Parable of American Righteousness, 546 pp. 1979.
39. ↑ Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward, "FBI Finds Nixon Aides Sabotaged Democrats", Washington Post 10 October 1972 Page A01.
40. ↑ "Colson Knew Hunt Wrote Fake Cable" New York Times 2 May 1973 p.32.
41. ↑ Excerpt from Nixon Tape 772-006, 7 September 1972.
42. ↑ Arnold, Martin, "Ellsberg Judge Confirms 2 Talks With Ehrlichman", New York Times 3, May 1973, Page 1.
43. ↑ "Ellsberg Case: Defendants Freed, Government Convicted", New York Times 13 May 1973 p.191.
44. ↑ Austen, Jake, "Sammy Devil Jr.", Vice 2 May 2008 12:00am.
45. ↑ "Black Supporters of President Under Fire", New York Times 17 October 1972 p.29.
46. ↑ King, Martin Luther, "To Earl Mazo" 2 September 1968.
47. ↑ Caro, Robert, Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson, p. 944–89.
48. ↑ San Francisco Examiner p.10, 9 November 1969.
49. ↑ "For Whom did Negroes Vote in 1956?", DC Congressional Quarterly Almanac 1957, 13th ed., 1958.
50. ↑ Transcript of Nixon's Statement on School Busing, 17 March 1972.
51. ↑ Herbers, John, "Nixon to Push Integration Only as an Education Aid", New York Times 8 March 1970 p.1.
52. ↑ Herbers, John, "Nixon to Push Integration Only as an Education Aid", New York Times 8 March 1970 p.1.
53. ↑ Bonastia, Christopher Knocking on the Door: The Federal Government's Attempt to Desegregate the Suburbs, Princeton University Press, 2006 Pp. 234.
54. ↑ Delaney, Paul, "Blacks Still Say Show Us Despite Nixon Effort on Philadelphia Plan", New York Times 11 January 1970 p.464.
55. ↑ Bigart, Homer, "Huge City Hall Rally Backs Nixon's Indochina Policies", New York Times 21 May 1970 p.1.
56. ↑ Roland Evans and Robert Novak, "'Southern' Strategy Still Swaying Republican Leaders", Tampa Tribune 20 January 1965 p.28.
57. ↑ Belair Jr., Felix, "President Ruseful on the Negro Vote", New York Times 14 December 1960.
58. ↑ Safire, William, "A Political Lesson From Jackie Robinson", New York Times 14 April 1987.
59. ↑ "Nixon Opposes G.O.P. Birchers But Says Fringe Group Will Pass", New York Times 16 July 1964.
60. ↑ Holles, Everett R., "Nixon No Longer Foe to Birchers", New York Times 1 June 1975.
61. ↑ Habersspecial, John, "Nixon Holds Most of Support in South by Promising Conservative Stand on Rights; Thurmond Plays Import Role", New York Times 8 August 1968.
62. ↑ Mitchell, Robert, "Nattering nabobs of negativism’: The improbable rise of Spiro T. Agnew", New York Times 8 August 2018.
63. ↑ Boyd, James, "It's All There in the Charts", New York Times 17 May 1970.
64. ↑ Allen, Mike, "RNC Chief to Say It Was 'Wrong' to Exploit Racial Conflict for Votes", Washington Post 14 July 2005.
65. ↑ Dean, John, "Dealing with our Political Enemies", 16 August 1971.
66. ↑ Rosenbaum, David E., "Scores of Names", New York Times 28 June 1973 p.93.
67. ↑ Baum, Dan, "Legalize It All", Harper's Magazine. April 2016 issue
68. ↑ 'Tar Baby': A Folk Tale About Food Rights, Rooted In The Inequalities Of Slavery
69. ↑ Young, Marilyn B., the Vietnam Wars, 1945-1990, Harper Collins 1991 p. 279.
70. ↑ H.R. Haldeman's Notes from Oct. 22, 1968..
71. ↑ Telephone conversation between President Johnson and former Vice President Nixon, 3 November 1968.
72. ↑ Schorr, Daniel, "The Secret Nixon-LBJ War", Washington Post 28 May 1995.
73. ↑ "Vietnam's ‘Korean Solution’", New York Times 10 December 1971 p.42.
74. ↑ National Security Council teleconference with Secretary of State Kissinger and President Nixon, December 9, 1970, 8:45 p.m. via National Security Archive.
75. ↑ White House teleconference between Secretary of State Kissinger and General Alexander M. Haig, Jr., 9 December 1970, 8:50 p.m. via National Security Archive.
76. ↑ H.R. Haldeman Diaries Collection: Audio Diary Entry, 17 March 1969.
77. ↑ Finney, John W., "More Secret Air Attacks In Cambodia Disclosed", New York Times 11 September 1973.
78. ↑ Lardner Jr., George, "Kissinger Overstated Clearance On Memoirs, U.S. Official Says", Washington Post 10 June 1980.
79. ↑ Hersh, Seymour M., "Kissinger Called On Alleged Spying", New York Times 1 February 1974 p.10.
80. ↑ Kifner, John, "4 Kent State Students Killed by Troops", New York Times 5 May 1970 p.1.
81. ↑ Rosenbaum, David E., "Administration Will Permit Rally Today at Ellipse, South of the White House", New York Times 9 May 1970 p.9.
82. ↑ Semple, Robert B., "Nixon, in Pre‐Dawn Tour, Talks to War Protesters", New York Times 10 May 1970 p.1.
83. ↑ Madden, Richard L., "Nixon Agrees to Stop Bombing by U.S. in Cambodia by Aug. 15, With New Raids Up to Congress", New York Times 30 June May 1973 p.1
84. ↑ Branigin, William, "Ho Chi Minh Trail Led to Saigon", New York Times 23 April 1985.
85. ↑ "The Ho Chi Minh Trail: A Spidery, Constantly Shifting Route", New York Times 5 February 1971 p.11.
86. ↑ Richburg, Keith B., "Ho Chi Minh Trail Revisited Vietnam's Death March", Washington Post 26 April 1990.
87. ↑ Kam, Henry, "The Agony of Cambodia", New York Times 19 November 1978 Section SM p.10
88. ↑ Branigin, William, "Pol Pot: Lover of Life Became Instrument of Death", Washington Post 3 July 1997 p.A01.
89. ↑ Madra, Ek, "Khmer Rouge jailer says U.S. contributed to Pol Pot rise", Reuters April 2009.
90. ↑ Tarr Chou Meng, "A Talk with Prime Minister Hun Sen", Cultural Survival 2 March 2022.
91. ↑ Burns, John, "Sihanouk Says Nixon Lied on Bombing", New York Times 22 August 1979 p.10.
92. ↑ Taylor Owen and Ben Kiernam, "Making More Enemies than We Kill?", Asia-Pacific Journal 27 April 2015 Vol. 13 Issue 17 No. 3.
93. ↑ Kamm, Henry, "Cambodian President Charges Pol Pot's Government Murdered Millions", New York Times 31 January 1979 Section A p.2.
94. ↑ Richberg, Keith V., "The Hated Khmer Rouge Fights On", Washington Post 22 October 1989.
95. ↑ Simple, Robert B., "Nixon Withholds His Peace Ideas", New York Times 11 March 1968 p.1.
96. ↑ Finney, John W., "Vietnam 1: Critics Say Nixon Policy Is A Hoax", New York Times 8 February 1970 p.161.
97. ↑ "Rusk Denies Nixon Missed Peace Sign", New York Times 17 August 1972 p.25.
98. ↑ Nixon, Richard, "Address to the Nation on the War in Vietnam", 3 November 1969.
99. ↑ "Vietnam War U.S. Military Fatal Casualty Statistics", National Archives Museum.
100. ↑ H. R. Haldeman Diaries Collection, 18 January 1969 - 30 April 1973.
101. ↑ "Memorandum for the President's Files, "National Security Council Meeting," 8 May 1972. (See page 10 of pdf.)
102. ↑ Schwartz, William A., and Charles Derber, et al. The Nuclear Seduction: Why the Arms Race Doesn't Matter -- And What Does. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. Pg. 107. Quoted from H. R. Haldeman.
103. ↑ Kissinger, Henry A., Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy, Harper (for the Council on Foreign Relations), 1957, 455 pp. via Foreign Affairs.
104. ↑ "Conversation Between President Nixon and the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)", 19 April 1972.
105. ↑ "Conversation Among President Nixon, the Assistant to the President (Haldeman), and the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger)", 5 May 1972.
106. ↑ Mehren, Elizabeth, "'Insanity' in Nixon's White House", L.A. Times 18 February 2003.
107. ↑ https://www.enemieslist.info/
108. ↑ Hoover, J. Edgar, “Interagency Committee on Intelligence,” 27 July 1970.
109. ↑ Charlton, Linda, "Mitchell Testifies He Opposed Huston's Domestic Security Plan", New York Times 11 July 1973.
110. ↑ Official transcript of Nixon White House tapes, 1 July 1971.
111. ↑ Davis, Janelle, "6 mistakes that led to the 1972 Watergate burglars being caught", CNN 27 June 2022 10:47 AM ET.
112. ↑ Carl Bernstein and Paul Woodward, "Mitchell Controlled Secret GOP Fund", Washington Post 29 September 1972 p.A01.
113. ↑ "'Washington Post' Confirms Deep Throat's Identity", Inside Edition, NPR 1 June 2005 12:00 AM ET.
114. ↑ Lardner Jr., George, "Haig Tells of Theories on Erasure" Washington Post 7 December 1973 Page A01.
115. ↑ Lewis, Libby, "Rose Mary Woods, Devoted Nixon Secretary, Dies", 24 January 2005 12:00 AM EST.
116. ↑ Richard Lyons and William Chapman, "Judiciary Committee Approves Article to Impeach President Nixon, 27 to 11", Washington Post 28 July 1974 p.A01.
117. ↑ Official transcript of Nixon White House tapes, 1 November 1971.
118. ↑ Transcript of a recording of a meeting among the President, John Dean, and H.R. Haldeman in the Oval Office, 21 March 1973 10:12 EST.
119. ↑ Weaver Jr., Warren, "Cox's Ouster Ruled Illegal, No Reinstatement Ordered", New York Times 15 November 1973 p.1.
120. ↑ Naughton, James M., "Agnew Quits Vice Presidency And Admits Tax Evasion In '67", New York Times 10 October 1973.
121. ↑ Sheehy, Gail, Slow Burn Season 1, Episode 2, "The Defeat of Wright Patman", May 1973 via Slate.
122. ↑ Kovach, Bill, "Charges Against Nixon Called Justified By 79% in Poll of Impeachment Reaction", New York Times 6 January 1974 p.1.
123. ↑ Natali, Tim, "Ronald Reagan’s Long-Hidden Racist Conversation With Richard Nixon", Atlantic 30 July 2019.
124. ↑ Conversation between President Nixon, Chief of Staff H. R. Halderman, White House Press Secretary Ronald Ziegler, and Special Assistant to the President and Appointments Secretary Stephen Bull in the Oval Office, 5 July 1971 via Miller Center.
125. ↑ Kelb, Leslie K., "Watergate Case Viewed as Peril To Concept of National Security", New York Times 16 May 1974 p.27.
126. ↑ Naughton, James S., "Nixon Says a President Can Order Illegal Actions Against Dissidents", New York Times p.1, 19 May 1977.
127. ↑ Fuster, Jeremy, "‘RoboCop’ 30th Anniversary", The Wrap 17 July 2017 9:02 AM.
128. ↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/27551554 Nixon's Domestic Policy: Both Liberal and Bold in Retrospect
129. ↑ Oval Office Conversation 450-023, 16 February 1971.
130. ↑ Lyons, Richard D., "Nixon's Health Care Plan Proposes Employers Pay $2.5 Billion More a Year", New York Times 19 February 1971 p.1.
131. ↑ Rosenthal, Jack, "President Vetoes Child Care Plan as Irresponsible", New York Times 10 December 1970 p.1.
132. ↑ Hunter, Majorie, "Senate Approves A Broad Program Of Child Day Care", New York Times 3 December 1971 p.1.
133. ↑ Kenworthy, E.W., "Tough New Clean‐Air Bill Passed by Senate, 73 to 0", 23 September 1973 p.1,
134. ↑ Kenworthy, E.W., "Nixon Men Compromise on Amending Clean Air Act", New York Times 23 March 1974. p.62.
135. ↑ Charlton, Linda, "Penn Central is Granted Authority to Reorganize Under Bankruptcy Laws.", New York Times 22 June 1977 p.1.
136. ↑ Lindsey, Robert, "Amtrak Deep in Debt At End of First Year", New York Times 30 April 1970 p.1.
137. ↑ Jaffe, Eric, "11 Historical Maps and Charts That Explain the Birth of Amtrak", Bloomberg 26 February 2015.
138. ↑ Raymond L. Garthoff. Détente and Confrontation: American-Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan. Brookings Institution Press, January 1994, pp. 242-243. (Oddly, G. Gordon Liddy had once proposed blowing up the Brookings Institution.)
139. ↑ Schlafly, Phyllis, "His Greatest Hour", The Daily Courier pp 16 31 August 1976.
140. ↑ Schudel, Matt, "Bruce Alger, firebrand Republican congressman from Texas, dies at 96", Washington Post 25 April 2015.
141. ↑ Holles, Everett R., "Anti‐Nixon Drive Is Gaining Among Conservatives in California", New York Times 16 January 1972.
142. ↑ 142.0 142.1 142.2 142.3 142.4 142.5 142.6 Warren, James, "Nixon Expounds on Tape on Welfare and Homosexuality", Chicago Tribune 7 November 1999.
143. ↑ Giniger, Henry, "France and Gold", New York Times 22 August 1977.
144. ↑ Dale Jr., Edwin L., "Severs Link Between Dollar and Gold", New York Times 16 August 1971 p.1.
145. ↑ "Texts of Nixon's Orders on Freeze and Surcharge", New York Times 17 August 1971 p.17.
146. ↑ Madden, Richard L. "Daylight Saving All Year 'Round" New York Times 5 December 1973 p1.
147. ↑ Rothbard, Murray M., "Nixonian Socialism", Libertarian Forum (1969–1984) January 1971 Mises Institute.
148. ↑ Schwartz, Ian, "Bannon: Trump May Return The U.S. To A Gold Standard, Get Rid Of The Federal Reserve", Real Clear Politics 5 December 2023.
149. ↑ Waxman, Olivia B., "The Story Behind That Famous Photo of Elvis Presley and Richard Nixon", TIME 15 August 2017 10:00 AM EDT.
150. ↑ Semple, Robert B., "Nixon Signs Job Safety Bill, Ending Long Struggle", 30 December 1970.
151. ↑ Lyons, Richard D., "Nixon Signs $5‐Billion Bill Expanding Social Security", New York Times 31 October 1972.
152. ↑ Nixon, Richard, "Special Message to the Congress on Social Security", 25 September 1965.
153. ↑ Plante, Bill, "New Nixon Tapes Released", CBS 23 June 2009 5:43 PM EDT.
154. ↑ Today in History: Anti-Discrimination Amendment Title IX is Signed Into Law by President Nixon (1972), History Collection, June 23, 2017
155. ↑ Twenty-five Years of 18-Year-Old Voting
156. ↑ Rosenbaum, David E., "Nation Ends Draft, Turns to Volunteers", New York Times 28 January 1973 p.1.
157. ↑ Schmeck Jr., Harold M., "Nixon Signs Cancer Bill", New York Times 24 December 1971.
158. ↑ Benac, Nancy, "Henry Kissinger was a trusted confidant to President Nixon until the bitter, bizarre end", Associated Press November 2023 updated 12:04 PM.
159. ↑ Naughton, James M., "Doctor at C.I.A. Links Kissinger To Request for Ellsberg Profile", New York Times 26 November 1973 p.1.
160. ↑ Gwertzman, Bernard, "U.S. Reports Deal on Soviet Trade and Emigration", New York Times 19 October 1974 p.65.
161. ↑ Blair, William M., "Nixon Presses Interior Agency To Reform Policies on Indians", New York Times 29 September 1971 p.66.
162. ↑ "Executive Order 11670—Providing for the Return of Certain Lands to the Yakima Indian Reservation", 20 May 1970 via the American Presidency Project.
163. ↑ Nixon, Richard, "Special Message to the Congress on Indian Affairs", 8 July 1970 via the American Presidency Project.
164. ↑ Nixon, Richard, "Remarks on Signing Bill Restoring the Blue Lake Lands in New Mexico to the Taos Pueblo Indians", 15 December 1970 via the American Presidency Project.
165. ↑ Nixon, Richard, "Statement on Signing the Menominee Restoration Act", 22 December 1973 via the American Presidency Project.
166. ↑ Nixon, Richard, "Statement About Signing the Indian Financing Act of 1974", 13 April 1974 via the American Presidency Project.
167. ↑ Were Richard Nixon's Alleged Ties To Organized Crime Real Or Mere Speculation?
168. ↑ Avner Cohen and William Burr, "The Untold Story of Israel's Bomb", Washington Post 30 April 2006.
169. ↑ Helms, Richard, "CIA Notes on Meeting with the President on Chile", September 15, 1970 via NSArchive.
170. ↑ Helms, Richard, "CIA Memorandum of Conversation with Agustin Edwards", 22 September 1970 via NSArchive.
171. ↑ Nixon 'wrecked early peace in Vietnam', The Guardian
172. ↑ Henry Kissinger’s Controversial Role in the Vietnam War, History.com
173. ↑ When a Candidate Conspired With a Foreign Power to Win An Election, Politico
174. ↑ Which of course doesn't factor the many more thousands of Vietnamese, Cambodians, and Laotians....
175. ↑ Vietnam War U.S. Military Fatal Casualty Statistics, National Archives
176. ↑ Kissinger, Henry, "Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs to President Nixon", 23 December 1972.
177. ↑ Blood, Archer, "U.S. Consulate (Dacca) Cable, Sitrep: Army Terror Campaign Continues in Dacca; Evidence Military Faces Some Difficulties Elsewhere", 31 March 1971 via NSArchive.
178. ↑ "President Ram Nath Kovind inaugurates Dhaka's historic Kali Mandir destroyed by Pakistani Army in 1971", Economic Times 17 December 2021 3:47:00 PM IST.
179. ↑ Farland, Joseph, "U.S. Embassy (Islamabad), Cable, Arrests of East Pakistan Intellectuals", 17 September 1971 via NSArchive.
180. ↑ "Conversation Between President Nixon and the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs", 9 December 1971 12:44 PM.
181. ↑ 181.0 181.1 "Conversation Between President Nixon and his Assistant for National Security Affairs Henry Kissinger, 26 May 1971 10:38-10:44 a.m.
182. ↑ Blood, Archer, "Telegram From the Consulate General in Dacca to the Department of State", 6 April 1971.
183. ↑ "Conversation Among President Nixon, the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs, and the Ambassador to India", 15 June 1971 5:13 PM.
184. ↑ Wilford, John Noble, "Pressure Is Reported on NASA To Make Heavy Cuts in Budget", New York Times 19 November 1971 p.18.
185. ↑ Lyons, Richard D., "End of Rocket Project Produces Space Age Ghost Town", New York Times 26 March 1976 p.51.
186. ↑ James Rissler and George Athem, "Why they love Earl Butz", New York Times 13 June 1976 p.195.
187. ↑ "Senate Rejects Haynsworth Nomination to Court", Congressional Quartlerly Almanac 1969, 25th ed., p.337-49.
188. ↑ Carswell Disavows '48 Speech Backing White Supremacy
189. ↑ Weaver Jr., Warren, "Carswell Attacked and Defended as Senate Opens Debate on Nomination", New Yok Times 17 March 1970 p.21.
190. ↑ "Carswell Indicted On Florida Charge Of Sexual Advance", New York Times 1 July 1971 p.14.
191. ↑ Powell, Lewis F., "Attack on American Free Enterprise System", 23 August 1971 via Reuters.
192. ↑ Weaver Jr. Warren, "Justices, 5-4, Allow Corporate Spending For Issues on Ballot", New York Times 27 April 1978.
193. ↑ Kurtz, Howard, "Rehnquist Memos Described", Washington Post 7 August 1986.
194. ↑ Telephone conversation between President Nixon and Attorney General John Mitchell, 20 October 1971 6:17 p.m. via American Public Media.
195. ↑ "Senate, Bowing to Nixon, Cuts Funds for Public TV", New York Times 22 July 1972 p.54.
196. ↑ First Obama-Romney debate transcript and audio, 3 October 2012 via NPR.
197. ↑ Cook, Jack, "Roger Ailes’ Secret Nixon-Era Blueprint For Fox News Revealed", Business Insider via Gawker 30 June 2011 3:41 PM EDT.
198. ↑ Buchanan, Pat, "Dealing With the Central Park Wolf Pack", Daily News Leader 9 May 1989 p.4.
199. ↑ Lardner Jr., George, "The Scandal's Producer and Publicist", Washington Post 17 November 1998 p.A1.
200. ↑ "Excerpts From Mitchell's Testimony Before the Senate Committee on Watergate", New York Times 12 June 1973 p.25.
201. ↑ Stolberg, Sheryl Gray, "Rove Strategy Paper Found in Nixon Archive", New York Times 14 July 2007.
202. ↑ Nixon White House conversation 464-12", 9 March 1971 via CNN.
203. ↑ Fraunfelder, Ben, "Ben Stein is sick of 'colored' people complaining", Boing Boing 16 March 2023 6:10 PM.
204. ↑ Babcock, Charles R., "Moon Sect Support of Nixon Detailed", Washington Post 10 November 1977.
205. ↑ "Survey Reports McGovern Got 87% of the Black Vote", New York Times 12 November 1972.
206. ↑ "The Election: Jimmy's Debt to Blacks", Time 22 November 1976.
207. ↑ Ruth Igielnik, Scott Keeter and Hannah Hartig, "Behind Biden's Victory", Pew Research Center 30 June 2021.
208. ↑ Sheehy, Gail, Slow Burn Season 1, Episode 5, "True Belivers", May 1973 via Slate.
209. ↑ Molotsky, Irvin, "In 1971 Tapes, Nixon Is Heard Blaming Jews for Communist Plots", New York Times 7 October 1999.
210. ↑ 210.0 210.1 Nagourney, Adam, "In Tapes, Nixon Rails About Jews and Blacks", New York Times 10 December 2010.
211. ↑ 211.0 211.1 Conversation between President Nixon and Reverend Billy Graham, 21 Febuary 1973 8:10 pm-8:30 pm.
212. ↑ Conversation between President Nixon and Secretary of State Henry Kissinger on Camp David telephone, 24 September 1972 11:37 am–11:52 am.
213. ↑ "Audio: Nixon’s Secret White House Tapes", Vanity Fair 10 July 2014.
214. ↑ Conversation between President Nixon, Assistant for National Security Affairs Henry Kissinger, and Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs Alexander Haig (14 December 1972) Office of the Historian.
215. ↑ Secrets: A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers. (2002) by Daniel Ellsberg p. 418
216. ↑ The Ends of Power (1978) by Robert Haldeman p. 83
217. ↑ Last (and first) things by Mark Liberman (July 15, 2009) Language Log.
218. ↑ 0:01 / 0:36 Richard Nixon - "I'm not a crook" (original broadcast: November 17, 1973) YouTube.
219. ↑ Nixon says, "…but when the President does it, that means it is not illegal…" 1977 David Frost interview of Nixon (Mar 5, 2017) YouTube.
220. ↑ Nixon wandering the halls of the White House shitface drunk talking to the portraits of dead presidents the night before resignation. (Woodward and Bernstein, Final Days, p. 303)
221. ↑ And so much more!
222. ↑ The Final Days by Bob Woodward
223. ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20060614124156/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/5079259/site/newsweek/
224. ↑ Nixon, Haldeman, and Ronald Ziegler, 2:42-3:33 P.M. Oval Office Conversation #524-7; cassette #775 (17 June 1971)
225. ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20110807032151/http://counterpunch.org/alexgraham.html
226. ↑ http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/daily/oct99/nixon6.htm
227. ↑ http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/2014/08/president-nixon-secret-white-house-tapes
228. ↑ 228.0 228.1 228.2 http://www.thewire.com/politics/2013/08/some-new-comments-richard-nixon-subject-jews-and-blacks/68595/
229. ↑ On Freedom by Timothy Snyder (2024) Crown. ISBN 9780593728727.
230. ↑ From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America by Elizabeth Hinton (2016) Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674737235.
231. ↑ https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/24/us/politics/24nixon.html
232. ↑ https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve05p1/d258
233. ↑ How Fascism Works: The Politics of Us and Them by Jason Stanley (2018) Random House. ISBN 9780525511830.
234. ↑ Transcript of secret meeting with Turkish Foreign Minister Mehli Esenbel, 10 March 1975..
235. ↑ Respectfully Quoted: A Dictionary of Quotations. 1989. Bartleby.
236. ↑ 236.0 236.1 Doyle, William, Inside the Oval Office: The White House Tapes From FDR to Clinton (2002)
237. ↑ Plain Speaking : An Oral Biography of Harry S Truman (1974) by Merle Miller, p. 179
238. ↑ Attributed by Joe Sharkey, The New York Times, 12 March 2000.
239. ↑ Jonathan Chait, George Will: Now Obama Is Worse Than Nixon. New York Magazine, 15 August 2013.
240. ↑ Quoted from his 1988 memoir Goldwater
241. ↑ Presidential Confidential (2010), p. 296
242. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `Hunter`
243. ↑ The nastiest things ever said about Republicans by Martin Higgins

Presidents of the United States

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*Ran for VP on the "National Union" ticket together with Lincoln but was otherwise a lifelong Democrat