Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics

The Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA) telescope dome at the top of Mount John

Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA) is a collaborative project between researchers in New Zealand[1] and Japan ,[2] led by Professor Yasushi Muraki of Nagoya University.[3] They use microlensing to observe dark matter, extra-solar planets, and stellar atmospheres from the Southern Hemisphere. The group concentrates especially on the detection and observation of gravitational microlensing events of high magnification, of order 100 or more, as these provide the greatest sensitivity to extrasolar planets. They work with other groups in Australia , the United States and elsewhere. Observations are conducted at New Zealand's Mt. John University Observatory using a 1.8 m (70.9 in) reflector telescope built for the project.[4]

In September 2020, astronomers using microlensing techniques reported the detection, for the first time, of an earth-mass rogue planet unbounded by any star, and free floating in the Milky Way galaxy.[5][6] In January 2022 in collaboration with Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) they reported in a preprint the first rogue BH[7][8][9][10] while there have been others candidates[11] this is the most solid detection so far as their technique allowed to measure not only the amplification of light but also its deflection by the BH from the microlensing data.

## Contents

* 1 MOA telescope mirror images
* 2 Planets discovered
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## MOA telescope mirror images

* Underside of main mirror

* Camera assembly

* Main mirror, side view

## Planets discovered

The following planets have been announced by this survey, some in conjunction with other surveys.

Planet | Date announced

|

MOA-2020-BLG-208Lb | October 2022
MOA-2020-BLG-135Lb | April 2022
MOA-2014-BLG-472Lb | June 2021
MOA-2007-BLG-197Lb | May 2015
MOA-2008-BLG-379Lb | November 2013
MOA-2011-BLG-322Lb | September 2013
MOA-bin-1b | May 2012
MOA-2009-BLG-387Lb | February 2011
MOA-2007-BLG-400Lb | September 18, 2008
MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb | May 30, 2008
OGLE-2003-BLG-235/MOA-2003-BLG-53b | April 15, 2004

## See also

* Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment or OGLE, a similar microlensing survey
* List of extrasolar planets

## References

1. ↑ Staff (1995). "MOA (Microlensing observtion in Astrophysics)". Caltech. https://sites.astro.caltech.edu/~srk/Workshops/TDAMMS/Files4Facilities/MOA.pdf.
2. ↑ Yock, Philip (2012). "Review article - A quarter century of astrophysics with Japan". New Zealand Science Review 69 (3).
3. ↑ Latham, David W.; Gaudi, B. Scott (2014). "Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics". Encyclopedia of Astrobiology. p. 1. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_1850-2. ISBN 978-3-642-27833-4. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-3-642-27833-4_1850-2.pdf. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
4. ↑ Sumi, T. (1 July 2003). "Microlensing Optical Depth toward the Galactic Bulge from Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics Group Observations during 2000 with Difference Image Analysis". The Astrophysical Journal 591 (1): 204–227. doi:10.1086/375212. Bibcode: 2003ApJ...591..204S. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/375212/fulltext/. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
5. ↑ Gough, Evan (1 October 2020). "A Rogue Earth-Mass Planet Has Been Discovered Freely Floating in the Milky Way Without a Star". Universe Today. https://www.universetoday.com/148097/a-rogue-earth-mass-planet-has-been-discovered-freely-floating-in-the-milky-way-without-a-star/.
6. ↑ Mroz, Przemek (29 September 2020). "A terrestrial-mass rogue planet candidate detected in the shortest-timescale microlensing event". The Astrophysical Journal 903 (1): L11. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abbfad. Bibcode: 2020ApJ...903L..11M.
7. ↑ Sahu, Kailash C.; Anderson, Jay; Casertano, Stefano; Bond, Howard E.; Udalski, Andrzej; Dominik, Martin; Calamida, Annalisa; Bellini, Andrea et al. (2022-05-25). "An Isolated Stellar-mass Black Hole Detected through Astrometric Microlensing". The Astrophysical Journal 933: 83. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac739e. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...933...83S.
8. ↑ Lam, Casey Y.; Lu, Jessica R.; Udalski, Andrzej; Bond, Ian; Bennett, David P.; Skowron, Jan; Mroz, Przemek; Poleski, Radek et al. (2022-05-31). "An Isolated Mass-gap Black Hole or Neutron Star Detected with Astrometric Microlensing". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 933 (1): L23. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac7442. Bibcode: 2022ApJ...933L..23L.
9. ↑ Gianopoulos, Andrea (2022-06-07). "Hubble Determines Mass of Isolated Black Hole Roaming Milky Way". http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/hubble-determines-mass-of-isolated-black-hole-roaming-our-milky-way-galaxy.
10. ↑ O'Callaghan, Jonathan. "Astronomers Find First Ever Rogue Black Hole Adrift in the Milky Way" (in en). https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/astronomers-find-first-ever-rogue-black-hole-adrift-in-the-milky-way/.
11. ↑ Bennett, D. P.; Becker, A. C.; Quinn, J. L.; Tomaney, A. B.; Alcock, C.; Allsman, R. A.; Alves, D. R.; Axelrod, T. S. et al. (2002-11-10). "Gravitational Microlensing Events Due to Stellar‐Mass Black Holes" (in en). The Astrophysical Journal 579 (2): 639–659. doi:10.1086/342225. ISSN 0004-637X. Bibcode: 2002ApJ...579..639B. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/342225.

## External links

* MOA website
* MicroFUN - Microlensing Follow-Up Network

* v
* t
* e

Dark matter

Forms of dark matter|

* Baryonic dark matter
* Cold dark matter
* Hot dark matter
* Light dark matter
* Mixed dark matter
* Warm dark matter
* Self-interacting dark matter
* Scalar field dark matter
* Primordial black holes

Hypothetical particles|

* Axino
* Axion
* Dark photon
* Holeum
* LSP
* Minicharged particle
* Neutralino
* Sterile neutrino
* SIMP
* WIMP

Theories and objects|

* Cuspy halo problem
* Dark fluid
* Dark galaxy
* Dark globular cluster
* Dark matter halo
* Dark radiation
* Dark star
* Dwarf galaxy problem
* Halo mass function
* Mass dimension one fermions
* Massive compact halo object
* Mirror matter
* Navarro–Frenk–White profile
* Scalar field dark matter

Search experiments|

| Direct detection|

* ADMX
* ANAIS
* ArDM
* CDEX
* CDMS
* CLEAN
* CoGeNT
* COSINE
* COUPP
* CRESST
* CUORE
* D3
* DAMA/LIBRA
* DAMA/NaI
* DAMIC
* DarkSide
* DARWIN
* DEAP
* DM-Ice
* DMTPC
* DRIFT
* EDELWEISS
* EURECA
* KIMS
* LUX
* LZ
* MACRO
* MIMAC
* NAIAD
* NEWAGE
* NEWS-G
* PandaX
* PICASSO
* PICO
* ROSEBUD
* SABRE
* SIMPLE
* TREX-DM
* UKDMC
* WARP
* XENON
* XMASS
* ZEPLIN

|

Indirect detection|

* AMS-02
* ANTARES
* ATIC
* CALET
* CAST
* DAMPE
* Fermi
* HAWC
* HESS
* IceCube
* MAGIC
* MOA
* OGLE
* PAMELA
* VERITAS

Other projects|

* MultiDark
* PVLAS

Potential dark galaxies|

* HE0450-2958
* HVC 127-41-330
* Smith's Cloud
* VIRGOHI21

Related|

* Antimatter
* Dark energy
* Exotic matter
* Galaxy formation and evolution
* Illustris project
* Imaginary mass
* Negative mass
* UniverseMachine

* v
* t
* e

Exoplanet search projects

* Exoplanetology
* Exoplanet

Ground-based|

* AAPS
* APF
* CORALIE
* EAPSNet
* ELODIE
* EPICS
* ESPRESSO
* FINDS Exo-Earths
* Geneva
* HARPS
* HARPS-N
* GPI
* HATNet
* HEK
* HiCIAO
* HIRES
* KELT
* LCES
* Magellan
* MARVELS
* MASCARA
* MEarth
* MicroFUN
* MINERVA
* Australis
* MOA
* N2K
* NGTS
* NESSI
* OGLE
* OPSP
* PlanetPol
* Project 1640
* PARAS
* SEEDS
* SETI
* SOPHIE
* SPECULOOS
* SPHERE
* SuperWASP
* Systemic
* TrES
* XO Telescope
* ZIMPOL/CHEOPS

Space missions|

| Past|

* MOST (2003–2019)
* SWEEPS using HST (2006)
* CoRoT (2006–2013)
* EPOXI using Deep Impact (2008–2013)
* Kepler (2009–2018)
* detected exoplanets

|

Current|

* Gaia (2013–present)
* ASTERIA (2017–present)
* TESS (2018–present)

Planned|

* CHEOPS (2019)
* James Webb Space Telescope (2021)
* PLATO (2026)
* ARIEL (2028)
* WFIRST (mid-2020s)

Proposed|

* ATLAST
* EXCEDE
* HabEx
* HDST
* LUVOIR
* Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
* New Worlds Mission
* OST
* PEGASE

Cancelled|

* Darwin
* EChO
* Eddington
* Space Interferometry Mission
* Terrestrial Planet Finder

* Detection methods
* Discoveries of exoplanets
* Lists of exoplanets
* nearest

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