Asselian

Short description: First stage of the Permian

Asselian

298.9 ± 0.15 – 293.52 ± 0.17 Ma

PreЄ

Chronology

Permian graphical timeline

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Gzhelian

Asselian

Sakmarian

Artinskian

Kungurian

Roadian

Wordian

Capitanian

Wuchiapingian

Changhsingian

Induan

Permian-Triassic mass extinction event

end-Capitanian extinction event

Olson's Extinction

Subdivision of the Permian according to the ICS, as of 2021.[1]
Vertical axis scale: millions of years ago.

Etymology
Name formality| Formal
Usage information
Celestial body| Earth
Regional usage| Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used| ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit| Age
Stratigraphic unit| Stage
Time span formality| Formal
Lower boundary definition| FAD of the Conodont Streptognathodus isolatus within the morphotype Streptognathodus wabaunsensis chronocline
Lower boundary GSSP| Aidaralash, Ural Mountains, Kazakhstan
[ ⚑ ] 50°14′45″N 57°53′29″E﻿ / ﻿50.2458°N 57.8914°E﻿ / 50.2458; 57.8914
GSSP ratified| 1996[2]
Upper boundary definition| FAD of the Conodont Mesogondolella monstra
Upper boundary GSSP| Usolka section, Southern Urals, Russia .
[ ⚑ ] 53°55′29″N 56°43′43″E﻿ / ﻿53.9247°N 56.7287°E﻿ / 53.9247; 56.7287
GSSP ratified| 2018[3]

In the geologic timescale, the Asselian is the earliest geochronologic age or lowermost chronostratigraphic stage of the Permian. It is a subdivision of the Cisuralian Epoch or Series. The Asselian lasted between 298.9 and 295 million years ago (Ma). It was preceded by the Gzhelian (the latest or uppermost subdivision in the Carboniferous) and followed by the Sakmarian.

## Contents

* 1 Stratigraphy
* 1.1 Regional equivalents
* 2 Notable formations
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## Stratigraphy

The Asselian Stage was introduced into scientific literature in 1954, when the Russian stratigrapher V.E. Ruzhenchev split it off from the Artinskian. At the time, the Artinskian still encompassed most of the lower Permian – its current definitions are more restricted. The Asselian is named after the Assel River in the southern Ural Mountains of Kazakhstan and Bashkortostan.[4]

The base of the Asselian Stage is equivalent to the base of the Cisuralian Series and the Permian System. It is defined as the point in the stratigraphic record where fossils of the conodont Streptognathodus isolatus first appear. The global reference profile for the base (the GSSP or golden spike) is located in the valley of the Aidaralash River, near Aqtöbe in the Ural Mountains of Kazakhstan.[5] Other reference species which approximate the base of the Asselian include Streptognathodus invaginatus and Str. nodulinearis (conodonts) and Sphaeroschwagerina vulgaris and Sph. fusiformis (fusilinids).[5]

The top of the Asselian stage (the base of the Sakmarian stage) is at the first appearance of conodont species Mesogondolella monstra.

Asselian biostratigraphy is mostly defined by the evolution of Streptognathodus. There is some debate over the exact sequence of species; one option, according to Henderson (2018),[6] lists the following biozones, from youngest to oldest:

* zone of Streptognathodus postfusus / Streptognathodus barskovi
* zone of Streptognathodus fusus
* zone of Streptognathodus constrictus
* zone of Streptognathodus sigmoidalis
* zone of Streptognathodus cristellaris
* zone of Streptognathodus glenisteri
* zone of Streptognathodus isolatus

### Regional equivalents

In North America, the regional equivalent of the Asselian is the Nealian stage. The Nealian (lower Wolfcampian) is named after the Neal Ranch Formation in the Glass Mountains of west Texas.[7][8] In South China, the Asselian is equivalent to at least the lower part of the regional Zisongian stage of the Chuanshanian Series.[9][10] Both the Nealian and Zisongian are defined by fusilinid assemblages, so their precise correlation to the conodont-based global timescale is uncertain.

The Asselian occupies a portion of major terrestrial sediment units in Europe, namely the Autunian series of France and the lower Rotliegend of Germany.[11][12][13]

## Notable formations

* Altenglan Formation (Germany)
* Archer City Formation (Texas, USA)
* Council Grove Group (in part) (Kansas / Nebraska, USA)
* Dunkard Group[14] (in part) (West Virginia / Ohio / Pennsylvania, USA)
* Goldlauter Formation (Germany)
* Manebach Formation (Germany)
* Meisenheim Formation (Germany)
* Muse Formation (France)

## References

1. ↑ "Chart/Time Scale". International Commission on Stratigraphy. http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale.
2. ↑ Davydov, Vladimir; Glenister, Brian; Spinosa, Claude; Ritter, Scott; Chernykh, V.; Wardlaw, B.; Snyder, W. (March 1998). "Proposal of Aidaralash as Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for base of the Permian System". Episodes 21: 11–18. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1998/v21i1/003. https://stratigraphy.org/gssps/files/asselian.pdf. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
3. ↑ Shen, Shuzhong (August 2018). "Notes from the SPS Chair". Permophile: 4. ISSN 1684-5927. http://permian.stratigraphy.org/files/20180825094514307.pdf. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
4. ↑ The Nonmarine Permian: Volume 30 of Bulletin of the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, page 48. Editors Spencer G. Lucas, Kate E. Zeigler, 2005
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Davydov, V.I.; Glenister, B.F.; Spinosa, C.; Ritter, S.M.; Chernykh, V.V.; Wardlaw, B.R. and Snyder, W.S.; 1998: Proposal of Aidaralash as Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for base of the Permian System, Episodes 21(1): pp 11–18.
6. ↑ Henderson, Charles M. (2018). "Permian conodont biostratigraphy" (in en). Geological Society, London, Special Publications 450 (1): 119–142. doi:10.1144/SP450.9. ISSN 0305-8719. Bibcode: 2018GSLSP.450..119H. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312321401.
7. ↑ Ross, Charles A.; Ross, June R.P. (1987). "Biostratigraphic zonation of late Paleozoic depositional sequences". Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Spec. Publication 24. https://cedar.wwu.edu/geology_facpubs/62/.
8. ↑ Ross, June R.P.; Ross, Charles A. (1997). "Nealian and Lenoxian (Wolfcampian, Lower Permian) Depositional Sequences, Fusulinid Facies and Biostratigraphy, Glass Mountains, Texas". Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research, Special Publication 36: 125–128. https://cedar.wwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1063&context=geology_facpubs.
9. ↑ Yugan, Jin; Qinghau, Shang; Xiangdong, Wang; Yue, Wang; Jinzhang, Sheng (1999). "Chronostratigraphic Subdivision and Correlation of the Permian in China" (in en). Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 73 (2): 127–138. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.1999.tb00820.x. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-6724.1999.tb00820.x.
10. ↑ Shen, Shuzhong; Zhang, Hua; Zhang, Yichun; Yuan, Dongxun; Chen, Bo; He, Weihong; Mu, Lin; Lin, Wei et al. (2019). "Permian integrative stratigraphy and timescale of China" (in en). Science China Earth Sciences 62 (1): 154–188. doi:10.1007/s11430-017-9228-4. ISSN 1674-7313. Bibcode: 2019ScChD..62..154S. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11430-017-9228-4.
11. ↑ Pellenard, Pierre; Gand, Georges; Schmitz, Mark; Galtier, Jean; Broutin, Jean; Stéyer, Jean-Sébastien (2017). "High-precision U-Pb zircon ages for explosive volcanism calibrating the NW European continental Autunian stratotype" (in en). Gondwana Research 51: 118–136. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2017.07.014. Bibcode: 2017GondR..51..118P. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1342937X17302733.
12. ↑ Schneider, Joerg W.; Lucas, Spencer G.; Scholze, Frank; Voigt, Sebastian; Marchetti, Lorenzo; Klein, Hendrik; Opluštil, Stanislav; Werneburg, Ralf et al. (2020). "Late Paleozoic–early Mesozoic continental biostratigraphy — Links to the Standard Global Chronostratigraphic Scale" (in en). Palaeoworld 29 (2): 186–238. doi:10.1016/j.palwor.2019.09.001. https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1871174X19300976.
13. ↑ Schneider, Joerg W.; Scholze, Frank; Ross, Andrew J.; Blake, Bascombe M.; Lucas, Spencer G. (2022). "Improved blattoid insect and conchostracan zonation for the Late Carboniferous, Pennsylvanian, of Euramerica" (in en). Geological Society, London, Special Publications 512 (1): 865–891. doi:10.1144/SP512-2021-93. ISSN 0305-8719. Bibcode: 2022GSLSP.512..865S. https://www.lyellcollection.org/doi/10.1144/SP512-2021-93.
14. ↑ Schneider, Jörg W.; Lucas, Spencer G.; Barrick, James E. (2013). "The Early Permian age of the Dunkard Group, Appalachian basin, U.S.A., based on spiloblattinid insect biostratigraphy". International Journal of Coal Geology 119: 88–92. doi:10.1016/j.coal.2013.07.019. ISSN 0166-5162. Bibcode: 2013IJCG..119...88S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2013.07.019.

## External links

* GeoWhen Database - Asselian
* Upper Paleozoic stratigraphic chart at the website of the subcommission for stratigraphic information of the ICS

[ ⚑ ]  50°14′45″N 57°53′29″E﻿ / ﻿50.2458°N 57.8914°E﻿ / 50.2458; 57.8914

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Geological history of Earth

Cenozoic era
(present–66.0 Mya)|

| Quaternary (present–2.588 Mya)|

* Holocene (present–11.784 kya)
* Pleistocene (11.784 kya–2.588 Mya)

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Neogene (2.588–23.03 Mya)|

* Pliocene (2.588–5.333 Mya)
* Miocene (5.333–23.03 Mya)

Paleogene (23.03–66.0 Mya)|

* Oligocene (23.03–33.9 Mya)
* Eocene (33.9–56.0 Mya)
* Paleocene (56.0–66.0 Mya)

Mesozoic era
(66.0–251.902 Mya)|

| Cretaceous (66.0–145.0 Mya)|

* Late (66.0–100.5 Mya)
* Early (100.5–145.0 Mya)

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Jurassic (145.0–201.3 Mya)|

* Late (145.0–163.5 Mya)
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Triassic (201.3–251.902 Mya)|

* Late (201.3–237 Mya)
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Paleozoic era
(251.902–541.0 Mya)|

| Permian (251.902–298.9 Mya)|

* Lopingian (251.902–259.8 Mya)
* Guadalupian (259.8–272.3 Mya)
* Cisuralian (272.3–298.9 Mya)

|

Carboniferous (298.9–358.9 Mya)|

* Pennsylvanian (298.9–323.2 Mya)
* Mississippian (323.2–358.9 Mya)

Devonian (358.9–419.2 Mya)|

* Late (358.9–382.7 Mya)
* Middle (382.7–393.3 Mya)
* Early (393.3–419.2 Mya)

Silurian (419.2–443.8 Mya)|

* Pridoli (419.2–423.0 Mya)
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* Wenlock (427.4–433.4 Mya)
* Llandovery (433.4–443.8 Mya)

Ordovician (443.8–485.4 Mya)|

* Late (443.8–458.4 Mya)
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Cambrian (485.4–541.0 Mya)|

* Furongian (485.4–497 Mya)
* Miaolingian (497–509 Mya)
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* Terreneuvian (521–541.0 Mya)

Proterozoic eon
(541.0 Mya–2.5 Gya)|

| Neoproterozoic (541.0 Mya–1 Gya)|

* Ediacaran (541.0–~635 Mya)
* Cryogenian (~635–~720 Mya)
* Tonian (~720 Mya–1 Gya)

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Mesoproterozoic (1–1.6 Gya)|

* Stenian (1–1.2 Gya)
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Paleoproterozoic (1.6–2.5 Gya)|

* Statherian (1.6–1.8 Gya)
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Archean eon (2.5–4 Gya)|

| Eras|

* Neoarchean (2.5–2.8 Gya)
* Mesoarchean (2.8–3.2 Gya)
* Paleoarchean (3.2–3.6 Gya)
* Eoarchean (3.6–4 Gya)

|

Hadean eon (4–4.6 Gya)|

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kya = thousands years ago. Mya = millions years ago. Gya = billions years ago.
See also: Geologic time scale

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