Testosterone (patch)

The testosterone patch, brand name Intrinsa among others, was designed to treat female sexual dysfunction.

## Contents

* 1 Mechanism of action
* 2 Approval
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Mechanism of action

Testosterone patches works by releasing the hormone testosterone through the skin into the bloodstream. In women, testosterone is naturally produced by the ovaries and the adrenal gland. However, levels of the hormone decline with age, sometimes more after menopause. Testosterone therapy is systemic and needs to be applied over a period of weeks or months to have an effect.[1] P&G licensed the treatment to Watson Pharmaceuticals.[1]

## Approval

The patch was granted a license from the European Medicines Agency in July, and is available on United Kingdom 's National Health Service from March 2007.[citation needed]

However, in December 2004 the United States the 14-member Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advisory committee, plus voting consultants, for Reproductive Health Drugs unanimously rejected Procter and Gamble's fast-track request for Intrinsa citing concerns about off-label use. In Canada, post-menopausal women have been able to obtain government-approved testosterone treatment since 2002. In Australia, post-menopausal women can use Organon testosterone implants which have to be surgically inserted and last from three to six months.[2]

## See also

* List of androgens available in the United States
* Bremelanotide
* Flibanserin
* Melanotan II

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Can Intrinsa Be a Viagra for Women? BusinessWeek, October 28, 2004. Retrieved June 22, 2007.
2. ↑ FDA Panel Rejects Intrinsa About.com Politics, December 2004. Retrieved 22 June 2007.

## External links

* Procter and Gamble web page for Intrinsa.
* Information on Intrinsa and User Forum
* Patch 'to boost female sex drive'
* FDA Looks at P&G's Sex-Drive Drug
* Women's sexual health deserves equal attention

{{Navbox

| name = Sexual dysfunction pharmacotherapies
| title = Sexual dysfunction pharmacotherapies
| state = autocollapse
| bodyclass = hlist
| listclass = hlist

| group1 = Dopamine agonists
| list1 =

* Apomorphine
* Cabergoline
* Lisuride
* Pergolide
* Piribedil
* Pramipexole
* Quinagolide
* Ropinirole
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* Terguride

| group2 = Melanocortin agonists
| list2 =

* Bremelanotide
* Melanotan II
* PL-6983

| group3 = PDE5 inhibitors
| list3 =

* Acetildenafil
* Aildenafil
* Avanafil
* Icariin
* Lodenafil
* Mirodenafil
* Nitrosoprodenafil
* Sildenafil
* Sulfoaildenafil
* Tadalafil
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* Vardenafil

| group4 = Sex steroids
| list4 =

* Androgens (e.g., [[testosterone, methyltestosterone, other anabolic steroids)
* Estrogens (e.g., [[estradiol, ethinylestradiol, conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin))
* Progestogens (e.g., [[progesterone, progestins)
* Mixed (e.g., tibolone)

| group5 = Others
| list5 =

* Afrodor (acecarbromal, quebracho, vitamin E)
* Alkyl nitrites
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* Rauwolscine (Rauvolfia)
* Trazodone
* Yohimbine (Yohimbe)

| below =

* See also: Drugs for erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation

}} {{Navbox

| name = Androgens and antiandrogens
| title = Androgens and antiandrogens
| state = collapsed
| listclass = hlist
| groupstyle = text-align:center;

| group1 = Androgens
(incl. AAS)

| list1 =

AR agonists|

* Testosterone derivatives: Androstenediol dipropionate
* Boldenone undecylenate
* Clostebol
* Clostebol acetate
* Clostebol caproate
* Clostebol propionate
* Cloxotestosterone acetate
* Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA)
* Prasterone enanthate (DHEA enanthate)
* Prasterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate)
* Quinbolone
* Testosterone#
* Testosterone esters (e.g., testosterone cypionate, testosterone enanthate]], testosterone propionate]], testosterone undecanoate]], testosterone ester mixture]]s (Deposterona, Omnadren, Sustanon, Testoviron Depot))

* Dihydrotestosterone derivatives: Androstanolone (stanolone, dihydrotestosterone, DHT)
* Androstanolone esters
* Bolazine capronate
* Drostanolone propionate (dromostanolone propionate)
* Epitiostanol
* Mepitiostane
* Mesterolone
* Metenolone acetate (methenolone acetate)
* Metenolone enanthate (methenolone enanthate)
* Stenbolone acetate

* 19-Nortestosterone derivatives: Bolandiol dipropionate
* Nandrolone esters (e.g., nandrolone decanoate, nandrolone phenylpropionate)
* Norclostebol
* Norclostebol acetate
* Oxabolone cipionate (oxabolone cypionate)
* Trenbolone acetate
* Trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate (trenbolone cyclohexylmethylcarbonate)

* 17α-Alkylated testosterone derivatives: Bolasterone
* Calusterone
* Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone (CDMT)
* Fluoxymesterone
* Formebolone
* Metandienone (methandienone, methandrostenolone)
* Methandriol (methylandrostenediol)
* Methandriol bisenanthoyl acetate
* Methandriol dipropionate
* Methandriol propionate
* Methyltestosterone
* Methyltestosterone 3-hexyl ether
* Oxymesterone
* Penmesterol
* Tiomesterone (thiomesterone)

* 17α-Alkylated dihydrotestosterone derivatives: Androisoxazole
* Furazabol
* Mebolazine (dimethazine)
* Mestanolone
* Oxandrolone
* Oxymetholone
* Stanozolol

* 17α-Alkylated 19-nortestosterone derivatives: Ethylestrenol
* Mibolerone
* Norethandrolone
* Normethandrone (methylestrenolone, normethisterone)
* Propetandrol (propethandrol)

* 17α-Vinyltestosterone derivatives: Norvinisterone (vinylnortestosterone)

* 17α-Ethynyltestosterone derivatives: Danazol
* Gestrinone
* Progestins (e.g., ethisterone (ethynyltestosterone), levonorgestrel, norgestrel, norethisterone (norethindrone), [[Chemistry:Lynestrlynestrenol, Norgestrienone|norgestrienone]])
* Tibolone

* Progesterone derivatives: Medroxyprogesterone acetate

|

Progonadotropins|

* Antiestrogens (e.g., tamoxifen, Chemistry:Clomifene

| group2 = Antiandrogens
| list2 = {{Navbox|child
| groupstyle = text-align:center;
| groupwidth = 9em;

| group1 = AR antagonists
| list1 =

* Steroidal: Abiraterone acetate
* Canrenone
* Chlormadinone acetate
* Cyproterone acetate
* Delmadinone acetate
* Dienogest
* Drospirenone
* Medrogestone
* Megestrol acetate
* Nomegestrol acetate
* Osaterone acetate
* Oxendolone
* Potassium canrenoate
* Spironolactone

* Nonsteroidal: Apalutamide
* Bicalutamide
* Cimetidine
* Darolutamide
* Enzalutamide
* Flutamide
* Ketoconazole
* Nilutamide
* Seviteronel†
* Topilutamide (fluridil)

| group2 = Steroidogenesis
inhibitors

| list2 =

5α-Reductase|

* Alfatradiol
* Dutasteride
* Epristeride
* Finasteride
* Saw palmetto extract

|

Others|

* Abiraterone acetate
* Aminoglutethimide
* Bifluranol
* Cyproterone acetate
* Flutamide
* Ketoconazole
* Nilutamide
* Seviteronel†
* Spironolactone

| group3 = Antigonadotropins
| list3 =

* D2 receptor antagonists (prolactin releasers) (e.g., domperidone, metoclopramide, risperidone, haloperidol, chlorpromazine, sulpiride)
* Estrogens (e.g., bifluranol, [[diethylstilbestrol, estradiol, estradiol esters, ethinylestradiol, ethinylestradiol sulfonate, paroxypropione)
* GnRH agonists (e.g., leuprorelin)
* GnRH antagonists (e.g., cetrorelix)
* Progestogens (incl., chlormadinone acetate, [[cyproterone acetate, hydroxyprogesterone caproate, gestonorone caproate, [[Chemistry:Medroxyprogesterone medroxyprogesterone acetate, Chemistry:Megestrol acetate|megestrol acetate]])

| group4 = Others
| list4 =

* Androstenedione immunogens: Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
* Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)

| liststyle = background:#DDDDFF;

| list3 =

* #WHO-EM
* ‡Withdrawn from market
* Clinical trials:
* †Phase III
* §Never to phase III

See also
Androgen receptor modulators
Estrogens and antiestrogens
Progestogens and antiprogestogens
List of androgens/anabolic steroids

* v
* t
* e

Androgen receptor modulators

AR|

| Agonists|

* Testosterone derivatives: 4-Androstenediol
* 4-Dehydroepiandrosterone (4-DHEA)
* 4-Hydroxytestosterone
* 4,17α-Dimethyltestosterone
* 5-Androstenedione
* 11-Ketotestosterone
* 11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione
* Adrenosterone (11-ketoandrostenedione, 11-oxoandrostenedione)
* Androstenediol (5-androstenediol)
* Androstenediol 3β-acetate
* Androstenediol 17β-acetate
* Androstenediol diacetate
* Androstenediol dipropionate
* Androstenedione (4-androstenedione)
* Atamestane
* Boldenone
* Boldenone undecylenate
* Boldione (1,4-androstadienedione)
* Clostebol
* Clostebol acetate
* Clostebol caproate
* Clostebol propionate
* Cloxotestosterone
* Cloxotestosterone acetate
* Dehydroandrosterone
* DHEA (androstenolone, prasterone; 5-DHEA)
* DHEA enanthate (prasterone enanthate)
* DHEA sulfate
* Exemestane
* Formestane
* Plomestane
* Quinbolone
* Silandrone
* Testosterone# (+dutasteride)
* Testosterone esters
* Polytestosterone phloretin phosphate

* Dihydrotestosterone derivatives: 1-Androstenediol
* 1-Androstenedione
* 1-Androsterone (1-andro, 1-DHEA)
* 1-Testosterone
* 3α-Androstanediol
* 5α-Androst-2-en-17-one
* 7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone
* 11-Ketodihydrotestosterone
* Androsterone
* Bolazine
* Bolazine capronate
* Dihydroethisterone
* Dihydroethyltestosterone
* Dihydrofluoxymesterone
* Dihydromethylandrostenediol
* Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) (androstanolone, stanolone)
* Dihydrotestosterone esters
* Drostanolone
* Drostanolone propionate
* Epiandrosterone
* Epitiostanol
* Mepitiostane
* Mesabolone
* Mesterolone
* Mesterolone cipionate
* Methyldiazinol
* Nisterime
* Nisterime acetate
* Prostanozol
* Stenbolone
* Stenbolone acetate
* Testifenon (testiphenon, testiphenone)

* 19-Nortestosterone derivatives: 7α-Methyl-19-norandrostenedione (MENT dione, trestione)
* 11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone
* 11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone dodecylcarbonate
* 19-Nor-5-androstenediol
* 19-Nor-5-androstenedione
* 19-Nordehydroepiandrosterone
* Bolandiol
* Bolandiol dipropionate
* Bolandione (19-nor-4-androstenedione)
* Bolmantalate (nandrolone adamantoate)
* Dienedione
* Dienolone
* Dimethandrolone
* Dimethandrolone buciclate
* Dimethandrolone dodecylcarbonate
* Dimethandrolone undecanoate
* LS-1727 (nandrolone 17β-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamate)
* Methoxydienone (methoxygonadiene)
* Nandrolone
* Nandrolone esters
* Norclostebol
* Norclostebol acetate
* Normethandrone (methylestrenolone, normethisterone)
* Oxabolone
* Oxabolone cipionate (oxabolone cypionate)
* Trenbolone
* Trenbolone acetate
* Trenbolone enanthate
* Trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate
* Trenbolone undecanoate
* Trendione
* Trestolone (MENT)
* Trestolone acetate
* Trestolone enanthate

* Dihydrotestosterone and 19-nortestosterone derivatives: 5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel
* 5α-Dihydronandrolone
* 5α-Dihydronorethandrolone
* 5α-Dihydronorethisterone
* 5α-Dihydronormethandrone
* 5α-Dihydrotrestolone
* 19-Norandrosterone

* 17α-Alkylated testosterone derivatives: Bolasterone
* Calusterone
* Chlorodehydromethylandrostenediol (CDMA)
* Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone (CDMT)
* Chloromethylandrostenediol (CMA)
* Enestebol
* Ethyltestosterone
* Fluoxymesterone
* Formebolone
* Hydroxystenozole
* Metandienone (methandrostenolone)
* Methandriol (methylandrostenediol)
* Methandriol bisenanthoyl acetate
* Methandriol diacetate
* Methandriol dipropionate
* Methandriol propionate
* Methylclostebol (chloromethyltestosterone)
* Methyltestosterone (+esterified estrogens)
* Methyltestosterone 3-hexyl ether
* Oxymesterone
* Penmesterol
* Tiomesterone

* 17α-Alkylated dihydrotestosterone derivatives: Androisoxazole
* Desoxymethyltestosterone
* Furazabol
* Mebolazine (dimethazine)
* Mestanolone
* Metenolone
* Metenolone acetate
* Metenolone enanthate
* Methasterone
* Methyl-1-testosterone
* Methylepitiostanol
* Methylstenbolone
* Oxandrolone
* Oxymetholone
* Stanozolol

* 17α-Alkylated 19-nortestosterone derivatives: Bolenol
* Dimethyldienolone
* Dimethyltrienolone
* Ethyldienolone
* Ethylestrenol
* Methyldienolone
* Methylhydroxynandrolone (MOHN, MHN)
* Metribolone
* Mibolerone
* Norboletone
* Norethandrolone
* Propetandrol
* RU-2309
* Tetrahydrogestrinone

* 17α-Vinyltestosterone derivatives: Norvinisterone (vinylnortestosterone)
* Vinyltestosterone

* 17α-Ethynyltestosterone derivatives: Δ4-Tibolone
* Danazol
* Desogestrel
* Ethisterone (ethynyltestosterone)
* Etonogestrel
* Etynodiol
* Etynodiol diacetate
* Gestodene
* Gestrinone
* Levonorgestrel
* Levonorgestrel esters (e.g., levonorgestrel butanoate)
* Lynestrenol
* Lynestrenol phenylpropionate
* Norethisterone
* Norethisterone esters (e.g., norethisterone acetate, norethisterone enanthate)
* Norgestrel
* Norgestrienone
* Quingestanol
* Quingestanol acetate
* Tibolone

* Progesterone derivatives: Medroxyprogesterone acetate
* Megestrol acetate

* Others/unsorted: 3-Keto-5α-abiraterone
* 5α-Androstane
* Alternariol
* Cl-4AS-1
* Drupanol
* ZM-182345

|

Mixed
(SARMs)|

* Nonsteroidal: 198RL26
* ACP-105
* AC-262536
* Acetothiolutamide
* Andarine (acetamidoxolutamide, androxolutamide, GTx-007, S-4)
* BMS-564929
* DTIB
* Enobosarm (ostarine, MK-2866, GTx-024, S-22)
* FTBU-1
* GSK-4336A
* GSK-8698
* LG-121071 (LGD-121071)
* LGD-2226
* LGD-2941 (LGD-122941)
* LGD-3303
* LGD-4033
* JNJ-26146900
* JNJ-28330835
* JNJ-37654032
* ORM-11984
* R-1
* RAD140
* RU-59063
* S-1
* S-23
* S-40503
* S-101479
* Triclosan

* Steroidal: EM-9017
* MK-0773
* TFM-4AS-1
* YK-11

Antagonists|

* Steroidal: 7α-Thioprogesterone
* 7α-Thiospironolactone
* 7α-Thiomethylspironolactone
* 11α-Hydroxyprogesterone
* 15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate
* Abiraterone
* Abiraterone acetate
* Allyltestosterone
* Benorterone
* BOMT
* Canrenoic acid
* Canrenone
* Chlormadinone acetate
* Clascoterone
* Clometerone
* Cyproheptadine
* Cyproterone
* Cyproterone acetate
* Delanterone
* Delmadinone acetate
* Dicirenone
* Dienogest
* Drospirenone
* DU-41165
* Edogestrone
* EM-4350
* EM-5854
* EM-5855
* EM-6537
* Epitestosterone
* Galeterone
* Guggulsterone
* Medrogestone
* Megestrol acetate
* Mespirenone
* Metogest
* Mexrenone
* Mifepristone
* Nomegestrol acetate
* Nordinone
* Osaterone
* Osaterone acetate
* Oxendolone
* Potassium canrenoate
* Promegestone
* Prorenone
* Rosterolone
* RU-15328
* SC-5233 (spirolactone)
* Spironolactone
* Spirorenone
* Spiroxasone
* Topterone
* Trimegestone
* Trimethyltrienolone (R-2956)
* Zanoterone

* Nonsteroidal: 5N-Bicalutamide
* AA560
* Antarlides
* Arabilin
* Apalutamide
* Atraric acid
* AZD-3514
* Bakuchiol
* BAY-1024767
* Bicalutamide
* Bisphenols (e.g., BADGE, BFDGE, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S)
* BMS-501949
* BMS-570511
* BMS-641988
* CH5137291
* Cimetidine
* Cioteronel
* Cyanonilutamide
* Darolutamide
* DDT (via metabolite p,p’-DDE)
* Dieldrin
* DIMP
* Endosulfan
* Enzalutamide
* EPI-001
* Fenarimol
* Flutamide
* Hydroxyflutamide
* Inocoterone
* Inocoterone acetate
* Ketoconazole
* Ketodarolutamide
* Lavender oil
* LG-105
* LG-120907
* LGD-1331
* Linuron
* Methiocarb
* N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide
* N-Desmethylapalutamide
* N-Desmethylenzalutamide
* Nilutamide
* ONC1-13B
* Pentomone
* PF-998425
* Phenothrin
* Prochloraz
* Procymidone
* Proxalutamide
* Ralaniten (EPI-002)
* Ralaniten acetate (EPI-506)
* RD-162
* Ro 2-7239
* Ro 5-2537
* RU-22930
* RU-56187
* RU-57073
* RU-58642
* RU-58841
* Seviteronel
* Thalidomide
* Topilutamide (fluridil)
* Valproic acid
* Vinclozolin
* YM-580
* YM-92088
* YM-175735

GPRC6A|

| Agonists|

* Cations (incl. aluminum, calcium, Gadolinium

|

See also
Receptor/signaling modulators
Androgens and antiandrogens
Estrogen receptor modulators
Progesterone receptor modulators
List of androgens/anabolic steroids

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Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Chemistry:Testosterone_(patch)&oldid=560972"
*[AAS]: anabolic–androgenic steroid
*[AR]: Androgen receptor
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template
*[SARMs]: Selective androgen receptor modulator
*[GPRC6A]: G protein-coupled receptor family C group 6 member A