Fluorescein (medical use)

Fluorescein

Fluorescein drops being put in the eye before examination

Clinical data
Pronunciation| /ˈflʊərəsiːn/[1]
Trade names| Fluorescite, AK-Fluor, BioGlo, others
License data|

* US DailyMed: Fluorescein
* US FDA: Fluorescein

Routes of
administration| Eye drops, intravenous, by mouth
Drug class| Diagnostic agent
ATC code|

* S01JA01 (WHO) S01JA51 (WHO)

Legal status
Legal status|

* UK: POM (Prescription only) [2]
* US: ℞-only
* In general: ℞ (Prescription only)

Identifiers

IUPAC name

* 3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one

CAS Number|

* 2321-07-5 Y
* sodium: 518-47-8 Y

PubChem CID|

* 16850

DrugBank|

* DB00693

ChemSpider|

* 15968

UNII|

* TPY09G7XIR
* sodium: 93X55PE38X Y

KEGG|

* D01261
* sodium: D02024

ChEBI|

* CHEBI:31624

ChEMBL|

* ChEMBL1057

PDB ligand|

* FLU (PDBe, RCSB PDB)

Chemical and physical data
Formula| C20H12O5
Molar mass| 332.311 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)|

* Interactive image

SMILES

* C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=O)OC23C4=C(C=C(C=C4)O)OC5=C3C=CC(=C5)O

InChI

* InChI=1S/C20H12O5/c21-11-5-7-15-17(9-11)24-18-10-12(22)6-8-16(18)20(15)14-4-2-1-3-13(14)19(23)25-20/h1-10,21-22H

* Key:GNBHRKFJIUUOQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Fluorescein is used to help in the diagnosis of a number of eye problems.[3] When applied as a drop or within a strip of paper to the surface of the eye it is used to help detect eye injuries such as foreign bodies and corneal abrasions.[4][5] When given by mouth or injection into a vein it is used to help evaluate the blood vessels in the back of the eye during fluorescein angiography.[3][6]

When applied to the surface of the eye, side effects may include a brief period of blurry vision and discoloration of contact lenses of the soft type.[7][3] When used by mouth or injection, side effects may include headache, nausea, and a change to the color of the skin for a brief period of time.[3] Allergic reactions may rarely occur.[3] Fluorescein is a dye which is taken up by damaged cornea such that the area appears green under cobalt blue light.[3] There is also a version that comes premixed with lidocaine.[4][8]

Fluorescein was first made in 1871.[9] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10]

## Contents

* 1 Brand names
* 2 Other animals
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## Brand names

It is also sold as a combination drug with oxybuprocaine under the brand name Altafluor Benox.[11][12]

## Other animals

It is also sometimes administered to pets in multi-pet environments to determine which pet needs behavioral modification.[citation needed]

## References

1. ↑ "Fluorescein | Definition of Fluorescein by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Fluorescein". https://www.lexico.com/definition/fluorescein.
2. ↑ "Fluorescein sodium 100 mg/ml, solution for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". 16 January 2018. https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/8829/smpc.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Duvall, Brian; Kershner, Robert M. (2006) (in en). Ophthalmic Medications and Pharmacology. 17. SLACK Incorporated. 151–8. ISBN 9781556427503. https://books.google.com/books?id=YsYi6dzIKKUC&pg=PA29.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 British national formulary : BNF 69 (69 ed.). British Medical Association. 2015. pp. 769, 772. ISBN 9780857111562.
5. ↑ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 416. ISBN 9781284057560.
6. ↑ "Anatera 100mg/ml solution for injection - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC)". 10 February 2020. https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/9696/smpc.
7. ↑ WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. 2009. p. 314. ISBN 9789241547659.
8. ↑ "Minims Lidocaine & Fluorescein Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (emc)". 23 October 2017. https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/154/smpc.
9. ↑ Bartlett, Jimmy D.; Jaanus, Siret D. (2008) (in en). Clinical Ocular Pharmacology. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 283. ISBN 978-0750675765. https://books.google.com/books?id=Eybg7fbs65MC&pg=PA283.
10. ↑ World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
11. ↑ "Drug Approval Package: Altafluor Benox (fluorescein sodium and benoxinate hydrochloride ophthalmic solution)". 9 April 2018. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2017/208582Orig1s000TOC.cfm.
12. ↑ "Altafluor- fluorescein sodium and benoxinate hydrochloride solution". 4 December 2017. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=54017304-e680-4129-b52a-69cb9810af76.

## External links

* "Fluorescein". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/fluorescein.
* "Fluorescein sodium". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/name/fluorescein sodium.

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*[US]: United States
*[UK]: United Kingdom
*[CID]: Compound ID