Nobel Prize in Physics#Catalogs

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An informational catalog, or several catalogs, about Nobel Prize in Physics.

Year | Laureate | Country| Reasons

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1901 |  Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen | Germany |  For the discovery of X-rays
1902 |  Hendrik A. Lorentz | Netherlands |  For the discovery of influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena
Pieter Zeeman | Netherlands
1903 |  Henri Becquerel | France |  For researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel
Pierre Curie | France
Marie Curie | France
1904 |  Lord Rayleigh | UK |  For investigations of the densities of gases and for discovery of argon
1905 |  Philipp Lenard | Germany |  For his work on cathode rays
1906 |  J.J. Thomson | UK |  For work on the conduction of electricity by gases
1907 |  Albert A. Michelson | USA |  For optical precision instruments and spectroscopic and metrological investigations
1908 |  Gabriel Lippmann | France |  For method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference
1909 |  Guglielmo Marconi | Italy |  For the development of wireless telegraphy
Ferdinand Braun | Germany
1910 |  Johannes Diderik van der Waals | Netherlands |  For work on the equation of state for gases and liquids
1911 |  Wilhelm Wien | Germany |  For discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat
1912 |  Gustaf Dalén | Sweden |  For automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys
1913 |  Heike Kamerlingh Onnes | Netherlands |  For investigations of matter at low temperatures which led to the production of liquid helium
1914 |  Max von Laue | Germany |  For discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals
1915 |  William Bragg | UK |  For their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays
Lawrence Bragg | UK
1916 |  No award |  |  -
1917 |  Charles Glover Barkla | UK |  For discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements
1918 |  Max Planck | Germany |  For the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta
1919 |  Johannes Stark | Germany |  For discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields
1920 |  Charles Edouard Guillaume | Switzerland |  For precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys
1921 |  Albert Einstein | Germ.+Switz. |  For services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect
1922 |  Niels Bohr | Denmark |  For investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them
1923 |  Robert A. Millikan | USA |  For work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect
1924 |  Manne Siegbahn | Sweden |  For discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy
1925 |  James Franck | Germany |  For discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom
Gustav Hertz | Germany
1926 |  Jean Baptiste Perrin | France |  For work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for discovery of sedimentation equilibrium
1927 |  Arthur H. Compton | USA |  For discovery of Compton scattering
Charles T.R. Wilson | UK |  For paths of charged particles made visible by condensation of vapour
1928 |  Owen Willans Richardson | UK |  For work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of Richardson's law
1929 |  Louis de Broglie | France |  For his discovery of the wave nature of electrons
1930 |  Sir Venkata Raman | India |  For his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman effect
1931 |  No award |  |  -
1932 |  Werner Heisenberg | Germany |  For the creation of quantum mechanics
1933 |  Erwin Schrödinger | Austria |  For the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory
Paul A.M. Dirac | UK
1934 |  No award |  |  -
1935 |  James Chadwick | UK |  For the discovery of the neutron
1936 |  Victor F. Hess | Austria |  For discovery of cosmic radiation
Carl D. Anderson | USA |  For discovery of the positron
1937 |  Clinton Davisson | USA |  For experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals
George Paget Thomson | UK
1938 |  Enrico Fermi | Italy |  For new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and nuclear reactions
1939 |  Ernest Lawrence | USA |  For the cyclotron and artificial radioactive elements
1940 |  No award |  |  -
1941 |  No award |  |  -
1942 |  No award |  |  -
1943 |  Otto Stern | USA |  For molecular ray method and discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton
1944 |  Isidor Isaac Rabi | USA |  For resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei
1945 |  Wolfgang Pauli | Austria |  For the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle
1946 |  Percy W. Bridgman | USA |  For apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and discoveries in the field of high pressure physics
1947 |  Edward V. Appleton | UK |  For physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the Appleton layer
1948 |  Patrick M.S. Blackett | UK |  For development of the Wilson cloud chamber and discoveries in nuclear physics and cosmic radiation
1949 |  Hideki Yukawa | Japan |  For prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces
1950 |  Cecil Powell | UK |  For development of photographic method of studying nuclear processes and discoveries regarding mesons
1951 |  John Cockcroft | UK |  For their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles
Ernest T.S. Walton | Ireland
1952 |  Felix Bloch | USA |  For development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements
E. M. Purcell | USA
1953 |  Frits Zernike | Netherlands |  For phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope
1954 |  Max Born | UK |  For research in quantum mechanics, for statistical interpretation of wavefunction
Walther Bothe | Germany |  For the coincidence method
1955 |  Willis E. Lamb | USA |  For the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum
Polykarp Kusch | USA |  For the magnetic moment of the electron
1956 |  William B. Shockley | USA |  For semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect
John Bardeen | USA
Walter H. Brattain | USA
1957 |  Chen Ning Yang | China |  For parity laws in elementary particle physics
Tsung-Dao Lee | China
1958 |  Pavel A. Cherenkov | USSR |  For discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect
Il'ja M. Frank | USSR
Igor Y. Tamm | USSR
1959 |  Emilio Segrè | USA |  For their discovery of the antiproton
Owen Chamberlain | USA
1960 |  Donald A. Glaser | USA |  For the invention of the bubble chamber
1961 |  Robert Hofstadter | USA |  For electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for the structure of the nucleons
Rudolf Mössbauer | Germany |  For resonance absorption of γ radiation and discovery of the Mössbauer effect
1962 |  Lev Landau | USSR |  For theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium
1963 |  Eugene Wigner | USA |  For theory of atomic nucleus, elementary particles, discovery of symmetry principles
Maria Goeppert-Mayer | USA |  For their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure
J. Hans D. Jensen | Germany
1964 |  Charles H. Townes | USA |  For quantum electronics, oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle
Nicolay G. Basov | USSR
Aleksandr M. Prokhorov | USSR
1965 |  Sin-Itiro Tomonaga | Japan |  For quantum electrodynamics, with consequences for the physics of elementary particles
Julian Schwinger | USA
Richard P. Feynman | USA
1966 |  Alfred Kastler | France |  For discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms
1967 |  Hans Bethe | USA |  For theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars
1968 |  Luis Alvarez | USA |  For elementary particle physics, discovery of resonance states, hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis
1969 |  Murray Gell-Mann | USA |  For discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions
1970 |  Hannes Alfvén | Sweden |  For magnetohydro-dynamics and applications plasma physics
Louis Néel | France |  For antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism, applications in solid state physics
1971 |  Dennis Gabor | UK |  For the holographic method
1972 |  John Bardeen | USA |  For theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory
Leon N. Cooper | USA
Robert Schrieffer | USA
1973 |  Leo Esaki | Japan |  For tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors
Ivar Giaever | USA
Brian D. Josephson | UK |  For predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, the Josephson effects
1974 |  Martin Ryle | UK |  For radio astrophysics: Ryle for the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for role in the discovery of pulsars
Antony Hewish | UK
1975 |  Aage N. Bohr | Denmark |  For collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus
Ben R. Mottelson | Denmark
James Rainwater | USA
1976 |  Burton Richter | USA |  For work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind
Samuel C.C. Ting | USA
1977 |  Philip W. Anderson | USA |  For theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems
Sir Nevill F. Mott | UK
John H. van Vleck | USA
1978 |  Pyotr Kapitsa | USSR |  For discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics
Arno Penzias | USA |  For discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation
Robert Woodrow Wilson | USA
1979 |  Sheldon Glashow | USA |  For theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, the prediction of the weak neutral current
Abdus Salam | Pakistan
Steven Weinberg | USA
1980 |  James Cronin | USA |  For discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons
Val Fitch | USA
1981 |  Nicolaas Bloembergen | USA |  For laser spectroscopy
Arthur L. Schawlow | USA
Kai M. Siegbahn | Sweden |  For high-resolution electron spectroscopy
1982 |  Kenneth G. Wilson | USA |  For his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions
1983 |  Subramanyan Chandrasekhar | USA |  For physical processes in the structure and evolution of the stars
William A. Fowler | USA |  For nuclear reactions in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe
1984 |  Carlo Rubbia | Italy |  For contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction
Simon van der Meer | Netherlands
1985 |  Klaus von Klitzing | Germany |  For the discovery of the quantized Hall effect
1986 |  Ernst Ruska | Germany |  For electron optics, and design of the first electron microscope
Gerd Binnig | Germany |  For the scanning tunneling microscope
Heinrich Rohrer | Switzerland
1987 |  J. Georg Bednorz | Germany |  For break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials
K. Alex Müller | Switzerland
1988 |  Leon M. Lederman | USA |  For neutrino beam method, the doublet structure of the leptons, and the discovery of the muon neutrino
Melvin Schwartz | USA
Jack Steinberger | USA
1989 |  Norman F. Ramsey | USA |  For separated oscillatory fields method, the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks
Hans G. Dehmelt | USA |  For ion trap technique
Wolfgang Paul | Germany
1990 |  Jerome I. Friedman | USA |  For deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, the quark model in particle physics
Henry W. Kendall | USA
Richard E. Taylor | Canada
1991 |  Pierre-Gilles de Gennes | France |  For generalization of methods for simple systems to more complex forms of matter, to liquid crystals and polymers
1992 |  Georges Charpak | France |  For particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber
1993 |  Russell A. Hulse | USA |  For the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation
Joseph H. Taylor Jr. | USA
1994 |  Bertram N. Brockhouse | Canada |  For neutron spectroscopy
Clifford G. Shull | USA |  For neutron diffraction technique
1995 |  Martin L. Perl | USA |  For the discovery of the tau lepton
Frederick Reines | USA |  For detection of the neutrino
1996 |  David M. Lee | USA |  For discovery of superfluidity in helium-3
Douglas D. Osheroff | USA
Robert C. Richardson | USA
1997 |  Steven Chu | USA |  For methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji | France
William D. Phillips | USA
1998 |  Robert B. Laughlin | USA |  For discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations
Horst L. Störmer | Germany
Daniel C. Tsui | USA
1999 |  Gerardus 't Hooft | Netherlands |  For elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics
Martinus J.G. Veltman | Netherlands
2000 |  Zhores I. Alferov | Russia |  For work on ICT, semiconductor heterostructures opto-electronics
Herbert Kroemer | Germany
Jack S. Kilby | USA |  For work on ICT, for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit
2001 |  Eric A. Cornell | USA |  For Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates
Wolfgang Ketterle | Germany
Carl E. Wieman | USA
2002 |  Raymond Davis Jr. | USA |  For astrophysics, the detection of cosmic neutrinos
Masatoshi Koshiba | Japan
Riccardo Giacconi | USA |  For astrophysics, the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources
2003 |  Alexei A. Abrikosov | USA+Russia |  For theory of superconductors and superfluids
Vitaly L. Ginzburg | Russia
Anthony J. Leggett | UK+USA
2004 |  David J. Gross | USA |  For discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction
H. David Politzer | USA
Frank Wilczek | USA
2005 |  Roy J. Glauber | USA |  For quantum theory of optical coherence
John L. Hall | USA |  For laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique
Theodor W. Hänsch | Germany
2006 |  John C. Mather | USA |  For discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation
George F. Smoot | USA
2007 |  Albert Fert | France |  For the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance
Peter Grünberg | Germany
2008 |  Yoichiro Nambu | Japan |  For mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics
Makoto Kobayashi | Japan |  For origin of the broken symmetry, existence of at least three families of quarks
Toshihide Maskawa | Japan
2009 |  Charles K. Kao | China+UK |  For transmission of light in fibers for optical communication
Willard S. Boyle | USA |  For invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor
George E. Smith | USA
2010 |  Andre Geim | Russia+Netherlands |  For groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene
Konstantin Novoselov | Russia+UK
2011 |  Saul Perlmutter | USA |  For the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae
Brian P. Schmidt | Australia+USA
Adam G. Riess | USA
2012 |  Serge Haroche | France |  For ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems
David J. Wineland | USA
2013 |  François Englert | Belgium |  For the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider
Peter Higgs | UK

Source: Nobelprize.org