Surah

The first Surah of the Qur'an
The Arabic word Surah (or "Sura" سورة sūrah, plural "Surahs" سور) is used in Islam to mean a "chapter" of the Holy Qur'an. Literally, Surah means "something enclosed or surrounded by a fence or wall."

Contents

1 Structure
2 Types of Surahs
3 List of Surahs
4 Notes
5 References
6 External links
7 Credits



Each Surah is named for a word or name mentioned in an ayah (section) of that Surah. Some Surahs were surprising to Muslims at the time of the Revelation; for example, the elevated status of Mary—a Jewish woman and the mother of the Christian Jesus—which is mentioned in Surah 19 ("Maryam/Mary").

Structure
Main articles: Sura and Ayah
 Open Quran
The Qur'an consists of 114 chapters of varying lengths, each known as a surah. The title of each surah is derived from a name or quality discussed in the text or from the first letters or words of the surah. Muslims believe that Prophet Mohammed himself, on God's command, gave the surahs their names. In general, the longer chapters appear earlier in the Qur'an, while the shorter ones appear later. As such, the arrangement is not connected to the sequence of revelation. Each chapter, with the exception of one, commences with the Basmala bismillah Al rahman Al rahimm,[1] an Arabic phrase meaning ("In the name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful"), with the exception of the ninth chapter. There are, however, still 114 occurrences of the basmala in the Qur'an, due to its presence in verse 27:30 as the opening of Solomon's letter to the Queen of Sheba.
Each Surah is formed from several Ayahs (verses) which originally means a sign or portent sent by God. The number of the ayahs are not the same in various Surahs. An individual ayah may be just few letters or several lines. The ayahs are unlike the highly refined poetry of the pre-Islamic Arabs in their content and distinctive rhymes and rhythms, being more akin to the prophetic utterances marked by inspired sacred scriptures of Judaism and Christianity. Since the beginning of Islam, the proper number of ayahs has been a controversial issue among Muslim scholars, some recognizing 6,000, some 6,204, some 6,219, and some 6,236, although the words in all cases are the same. The most popular edition of the Qur'an, which is based on the tradition of the school of Kufa, contains 6,236 ayahs.

Types of Surahs

Did you know?There are two types of Surahs (chapters) in the Qur'an: Madinan surahs and Meccan surahs
There are two types of surahs in the Qur'an: Madinan surahs and Meccan surahs. The division of surahs into 'Meccan surahs' and 'Medinan surahs' is primarily a consequence of stylistic and thematic considerations. Classification of the surahs into these periods is based upon factors such as the length of the verse and the presence or absence of certain key concepts or word (e.g. al-Rahman as name of God).[2]
The Madinan surahs of the Qur'an are those chapters that were revealed at Madina, after Muhammad's hijra from Mecca, when the Muslims were establishing a state rather than being, as at Mecca, an oppressed minority. They are mostly placed at the beginning of the Qur'an, and typically have longer ayat. In accordance with the new situation of the Muslims, these surahs more often deal with details of legislation, and every surah that deals with issues of warfare is Madinan, beginning with surat al-Baqara.
The Meccan surahs are the chronologically earlier surahs of the Qur'an that were revealed at Mecca. They are typically shorter, with relatively short ayat, and mostly come near the end of the Qur'an. Most of the surahs containing Muqatta'at are Meccan.

List of Surahs
The 114 surahs are:

Al-Fatiha (The Opening), seven ayats, one ruku, Makkan sura
Al-Baqara (The Cow), 286 ayat, 40 rukus, Madinan sura
Al-Imran (The Family of Imran), 200 ayat, 20 rukus, Madinan sura
An-Nisa (The Women), 177 ayat, 2four rukus, Madinan sura
Al-Ma'ida (The Table), 120 ayat, 16 rukus, Madinan sura
Al-An'am (The Cattle), 165 ayat, 20 rukus, Makkan sura
Al-A'raf (The Heights), 206 ayat, 2four rukus Makkan sura
Al-Anfal (The Spoils of War), 75 ayat, ten rukus, Madinan sura
At-Tawba (The Repentance), 129 ayat, 16 rukus, Madinan sura
Yunus (Jonah), 109 ayat, 1one rukus, Makkan sura
Hud (Hud), 123 ayat, 10 rukus, Makkan sura
Yusuf (Joseph), 111 ayat, 1two rukus, Makkan sura
Ar-Ra'd (The Thunder), 43 ayat, six rukus, Madinan sura
Ibrahim (Abraham), 52 ayat, seven rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Hijr (Al-Hijr, The Stoneland, The Rock City), 99 ayat, six rukus, Makkan sura
An-Nahl (The Bee), 128 ayat, 16 rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Isra (Isra], The Night Journey, The Children of Israel), 111 ayat, 1two rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Kahf (The Cave), 110 ayat, 1two rukus Makkan sura
Maryam (Mary), 98 ayat, six rukus, Makkan sura
Ta-Ha (Ta-Ha), 135 ayat, 8 rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Anbiya (The Prophets), 112 ayat, seven rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Hajj (The Pilgrimage, The Hajj), 78 ayat, ten rukus, Madinan sura
Al-Muminun (The Believers), 118 ayat, six rukus, Makkan sura
An-Noor (The Light), 64 ayat, nine rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Furqan (The Criterion, The Standard), 77 ayat, six rukus, Makkan sura
Ash-Shu'ara (The Poets), 227 ayat, 1one rukus, Makkan sura
An-Naml (The Ant, The Ants), 93 ayat, seven rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Qisas (The Stories), 88 ayat, nine rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Ankabut (The Spider), 69 ayat, seven rukus, Makkan sura
Ar-Rum (The Romans, The Byzantines), 60 ayat, six rukus, Makkan sura
Luqman (Luqman), 34 ayat, four rukus, Makkan sura
As-Sajda (The Prostration, Worship, Adoration), 30 ayat, three rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Ahzab (The Clans, The Coalition, The Combined Forces), 73 ayat, nine rukus, Madinan sura
Saba (Saba, Sheba), 54 ayat, six rukus, Makkan sura
Fatir (The Angels, Originator), 45 ayat, five rukus, Makkan sura
Ya-Seen (Ya-seen), 83 ayat, five rukus, Makkan sura
As-Saaffat (Those Who Set The Ranks, drawn Up In Ranks), 182 ayat, five rukus, Makkan sura
ad (The Letter Sad), 88 ayat, five rukus, Makkan sura
Az-Zumar (The Troops, Throngs), 75 ayat, eight rukus, Makkan sura
Ghafir (The Forgiver), 85 ayat, nine rukus, Makkan sura
Fussilat (Explained In Detail), 54 ayat, six rukus, Makkan sura
Ash-Shura (Council, Consultation), 53 ayat, five rukus, Makkan sura
Az-Zukhruf (Ornaments Of Gold, Luxury), 89 ayat, seven rukus, Makkan sura
Ad-Dukhan (Smoke), 59 ayat, three rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Jathiya (Crouching), 37 ayat, four rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Ahqaf (The Wind-curved Sandhills, The Dunes), 35 ayat, four rukus, Makkan sura
Muhammad (Muhammad), 38 ayat, four rukus, Madinan sura
Al-Fath (Victory, Conquest), 29 ayat, two rukus, Madinan sura
Al-Hujraat (The Private Apartments, The Inner Apartments), 18 ayat, two rukus, Madinan sura
Qaf (The Letter Qaf), 45 ayat, three rukus, Makkan sura
Adh-Dhariyat (The Winnowing Winds), 60 ayat, three rukus, Makkan sura
At-Tur (The Mount), 49 ayat, two rukus, Makkan sura
An-Najm (The Star), 62 ayat, three rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Qamar (The Moon), 55 ayat, three rukus, Makkan sura
Ar-Rahman (The Beneficent, The Mercy Giving), 78 ayat, three rukus, Madinan sura
Al-Waqia (The Event, The Inevitable), 96 ayat, three rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Hadid (The Iron), 29 ayat, four rukus, Madinan sura
Al-Mujadila (She That Disputeth, The Pleading Woman), 22 ayat, three rukus, Madinan sura
Al-Hashr (Exile, Banishment), 24 ayat, three rukus, Madinan sura
Al-Mumtahina (She That Is To Be Examined, Examining Her), 13 ayat, two rukus, Makkan sura
As-Saff (The Ranks, Battle Array), 14 ayat, two rukus, Madinan sura
Al-Jumua (The Congregation, Friday), 11 ayat, two rukus, Madinan sura
Al-Munafiqoon (The Hypocrites), 11 ayat, two rukus, Madinan sura
At-Taghabun (Mutual Disillusion, Haggling), 18 ayat, two rukus, Madinan sura
At-Talaq (Divorce), 12 ayat, two rukus, Madinan sura
At-Tahrim (Banning, Prohibition), 12 ayat, two rukus, Madinan sura
Al-Mulk (The Sovereignty, Control), 30 ayat, two rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Qalam (The Pen), 52 ayat, two rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Haaqqa (The Reality), 52 ayat, two rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Maarij (The Ascending Stairways), 44 ayat, two rukus, Makkan sura
Nooh (Nooh), 28 ayat, two rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Jinn (The Jinn), 28 ayat, two rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Muzzammil (The Enshrouded One, Bundled Up), 20 ayat, two rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Muddaththir (The Cloaked One, The Man Wearing A Cloak), 56 ayat, two rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Qiyama (The Rising Of The Dead, Resurrection), 40 ayat, two rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Insan (Human), 31 ayat, two rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Mursalat (The Emissaries, Winds Sent Forth), 50 ayat, two rukus, Makkan sura
An-Naba (The Tidings, The Announcement), 40 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
An-Naziat (Those Who Drag Forth, Soul-snatchers), 46 ayat, two rukus, Makkan sura
Abasa (He Frowned), 42 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
At-Takwir (The Overthrowing), 29 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Infitar (The Cleaving, Bursting Apart), 19 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Mutaffifin (Defrauding, The Cheats, Cheating), 36 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Inshiqaq (The Sundering, Splitting Open), 25 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Burooj (The Mansions Of The Stars, Constellations), 22 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
At-Tariq (The Morning Star, The Nightcomer), 17 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Ala (The Most High, Glory To Your Lord In The Highest), 19 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Ghashiya (The Overwhelming, The Pall), 26 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Fajr (The Dawn, Daybreak), 30 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Balad (The City, This Countryside), 20 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Ash-Shams (The Sun), 15 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Lail (The Night), 21 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Ad-Dhuha (The Morning Hours, Morning Bright), 11 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Inshirah (Solace, Consolation, Relief), eight ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
At-Tin (The Fig, The Figtree), eight ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Alaq (The Clot, Recite), 19 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Qadr (Power, Fate), five ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Bayyina (The Clear Proof, Evidence), eight ayat, one rukus, Madinan sura
Az-Zalzala (The Earthquake), eight ayat, one rukus, Madinan sura
Al-Adiyat (The Courser, The Chargers), 11 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Qaria (The Calamity, The Stunning Blow, The Disaster), 11 ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
At-Takathur (Rivalry In World Increase, Competition), eight ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Asr (The Declining Day, Eventide, The Epoch), three ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Humaza (The Traducer, The Gossipmonger), nine ayat, one rukus, Makkan sura
Al-Fil (The Elephant), five ayat, one ruku, Makkan sura
Quraysh (Quraish), four ayat, one ruku, Makkan sura
Al-Ma'un (Small Kindnesses, Almsgiving, Have You Seen), seven ayat, one ruku, Makkan sura
Al-Kawthar (Abundance, Plenty), three ayat, one ruku, Makkan sura
Al-Kafirun (The Disbelievers, The Kafirs), six ayat, one ruku, Makkan sura
An-Nasr (Succour, Divine Support, Victory), three ayat, one ruku, Makkan sura
Al-Masadd (The Palm Fibre), five ayat, one ruku, Makkan sura
Al-Ikhlas (Sincerity), four ayat, one ruku, Makkan sura
Al-Falaq (The Daybreak, Dawn), five ayat, one ruku, Makkan sura
Al-Nas (Mankind), six ayat, one ruku, Makkan sura
Notes

↑ Arabic: بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم, transliterated as: bismi-llāhi ar-raḥmāni ar-raḥīmi.

↑ Angelika Neuwirth, Studien zur Komposition der mekkanischen Suren. Reviewed by Andrew Rippin, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 45, No. 1., 1982, pp. 149-150.


ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
Basit, Abdul. Essence of the Quran: Commentary and Interpretation of Surah Al-Fatihah. Kazi Publications, 1997. ISBN 978-1871031553
Elyasee, Halsem (ed.), Maramaduke Pickthall (trans.). Sixteen Surahs. Islamic Book Service, 2004. ISBN 978-8172311773
Qazi, Muhmoud Ahmad. Short Surahs for Prayers: A Textbook for Elementary Quranic Studies. Kazi Publications; Bilingual edition, 1994. ISBN 978-1567443844
External links
All links retrieved January 7, 2020.

List of all Surahs of the Qur'an
Qur'ān Verses in Chronological Order

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