Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture

Texas Instruments Graphics ArchitectureRelease date| 1989; 35 years ago (1989)

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Cards
Entry-level| TIGA-340 (TMS34010 Graphics System Processors based)
Mid-range| Number Nine Visual Technology Peeper and GX series, Hercules Graphics Station and Chrome, Texas Instruments TIGA Diamond and TIGA Star
History
Predecessor| VGA
Successor| VESA, Super VGA

TIGA Add On card with TI TMS34020.

GSP Texas Instruments TMS34020.

Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture (TIGA) is a graphics interface standard created by Texas Instruments that defined the software interface to graphics processors. Using this standard, any software written for TIGA should work correctly on a TIGA-compliant graphics interface card.

The TIGA standard is independent of resolution and color depth which provides a certain degree of future proofing. This standard was designed for high-end graphics.

However, TIGA was not widely adopted. Instead, VESA and Super VGA became the de facto standard for PC graphics devices after the VGA.

Texas Instrument's TMS34010 and TMS34020 Graphics System Processors (GSP) were the original TIGA-compliant graphics processors.[citation needed]

## Clone Hardware

The primary manufacturers of mainstream TIGA cards for the PC clone market included Number Nine Visual Technology and Hercules.

Number Nine Visual Technology graphics cards using Texas Instruments' TIGA co-processors were made from about 1986 to 1992, including the Pepper and GX series.

Hercules manufactured cards such as the Graphics Station and Chrome lines which were marketed primarily toward users of Microsoft Windows.

In the early 1990s, Texas Instruments France (which had marketing control for the TIGA architecture and GSP chipsets in Europe) experimented with manufacturing and selling its own range of consumer oriented video cards based on TIGA and aimed at speeding up the user experience of Windows. These products were named TIGA Diamond (34020 based) and TIGA Star (34010 based), and provided a platform for selling TI DRAM and video palette chips as well as the GSP chips themselves.

## Impact

Despite the superiority of the technology in comparison to typical SuperVGA cards of the era, the relatively high cost and emerging local bus graphics standards meant that IT distributors and PC manufacturers could not see a niche for these products at consumer level.

The (limited) success of the graphics cards paved the way for products based upon various derivatives and clones of IBM's 8514 architecture. Part of the effort to make graphics accelerators useful required TI to convince Microsoft that the internal interfaces to its Windows Operating System had to be adaptable instead of hard-coded. Indeed, all versions of Windows prior to Windows 3.0 were "hard-coded" to specific graphics hardware.

## External links

* TMS340 Interface User's Guide spvu015c
* TMS340 FAMILY GRAPHICS LIBRARY USER'S GUIDE spvu027

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Computer display standards

Video hardware|

* MDA (1981)
* CGA (1981)
* Orchid Graphics Adapter (1982)
* HGC (1982)
* Plantronics Colorplus (1982)
* Tandy (1984)
* PGC (1984)
* EGA (1984)
* JEGA (1986)
* HGC+ (1986)
* InColor (1987)
* MCGA (1987)
* VGA (1987)
* 8514 (1987)
* SVGA (1987)
* AX-VGA
* TIGA (1989)
* XGA (1990)

Size comparison

Standard display resolutions|

* 160×120
* 320×200
* 640×200
* 640×350
* 640×480
* 720×348
* 800×600
* 1024×768
* 1152×864
* 1280×1024
* 1400×1050
* 1600×1200
* 2048×1536
* 2560×2048
* 3200×2400
* 4096×3072
* 5120×4096
* 6400×4800

Widescreen display resolutions|

* 240×160
* 320×240
* 432×240
* 480×270
* 480×320
* 640×400
* 800×480
* 854×480
* 1024×576
* 1280×720
* 1280×768
* 1280×800
* 1366×768
* 1366×900
* 1440×900
* 1600×900
* 1680×945
* 1680×1050
* 1920×1080 (1080p)
* 1920×1200
* 2048×1152
* 2560×1440 (QHD)
* 2560×1600
* 3200×2048
* 3840×2160
* 3200×2400
* 5120×2880
* 5120×3200
* 5760×3240
* 6400×4096
* 7680×4320
* 7680×4800

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