Livonian language

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This editable Main Article is under development and subject to a disclaimer.

[edit intro]

Livonian

Līvõ kēļ
[li:və ke:ʎ]
Spoken in  | LivoniaLatvia
Total speakers  | Less than 50
Language family  |
Finno-Ugric
Finno-Permic
Finno-Volgaic
Finno-Lappic
Baltic-Finnic
Language codes
ISO 639-1 | none
ISO 639-2 | fiu (other Finno-Ugric languages)
ISO 639-3 | liv
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for an English-​based pronunciation key.

Livonian is a highly-endangered Finno-Ugric Language closely related to Finnish and Estonian, and sharing a high degree of mutual inteligibility with them. Livonian is spoken in Livonia, which is a territory within Latvia.

## Phonology[edit]

### Vowels[edit]

Livonian has 8 vowels, and differentiates between long and short sounds by marking long vowels with a "¯".

Letter  | Phonetic Value  | Letter  | Phonetic Value

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|
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a | [ɑ] | o | [o]
ā | [ɑ:] | ō | [o:]
ä | [æ] | ȯ | [ʊ]
ǟ | [æ:] | ȱ | [ʊ:]
e | [ɛ] | õ | stressed: [ɨ]
unstressed: [ə]
ē | [ɛ:] | ȭ | stressed: [ɨ:]
unstressed: [ə:]
i | [i] | u | [u]
ī | [i:] | ū | [u:]

### Consonants[edit]

Livonian has 23 consonants. They are as follows:

Letter  | Phonetic Value  | Letter  | Phonetic Value

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|
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b | [b] | ņ | [ɲ]
d | [d̪] | p | [p]
ḑ | [ɟ] | r | [r]
f | [f] | ŗ | [rʲ]
g | [ɡ] | s | [s]
h | [h] | š | [ʃ]
j | [j] | t | [t̪]
k | [k] | ț | [c]
l | [l] | v | [v]
ļ | [ʎ] | z | [z]
m | [m] | ž | [ʒ]
n | [n], but [ŋ] if
preceding [k]
or [g].