Quiet eye

Quiet eye is a technique reported to improve outcomes in various tasks requiring human visual attention.[1] It has been the subject of several articles in journalistic periodicals,[2][3][4] and of scientific studies that evaluate it in relation to activities such as sports and surgical training.[5][6][7]

## History

Professor Joan Vickers is credited as the originator of quiet eye theory,[1][3] and has been working on the topic since the early 1980s.[4]

## Applications and mechanism

Quiet eye theory can be used both to predict performance,[4] and sometimes, as quiet eye training, as a means to improve performance.[2][7]

Quiet eye training is hypothesised to work by improving attentional control, allowing greater cognitive effort to be devoted to the principal task and as such improving motor learning and the robustness of motor skills under pressure.[8][9]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kohn, David (2015-11-18). "What Athletes See". The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/11/what-athletes-see/416388/.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Britten, Nick (2010-07-13). "'Quiet Eye' technique can greatly improve putting, scientists claim". The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/golf/7887744/Quiet-Eye-technique-can-greatly-improve-putting-scientists-claim.html.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wallace, Charles (2014-06-16). "The 'quiet eye' aids elite golfers to focus on putting". Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/53c4b148-f2f7-11e3-a3f8-00144feabdc0.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Clothier, Julie (2005-03-21). "'Quiet Eye' helps elite athletes". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2005/TECH/03/21/spark.quiet.eye/index.html.
5. ↑ Vine, Samuel J.; Moore, Lee J.; Wilson, Mark R. (2011-01-28). "Quiet Eye Training Facilitates Competitive Putting Performance in Elite Golfers". Frontiers in Psychology 2 (8): 8. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00008. PMID 21713182.
6. ↑ Wood, Greg; Wilson, Mark R. (2012). "Quiet-eye training, perceived control and performing under pressure". Psychology of Sport and Exercise 13 (6): 721–728. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2012.05.003.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Causer, Joe; Harvey, Adrian; Snelgrove, Ryan; Arsenault, Gina; Vickers, Joan N. (2014). "Quiet eye training improves surgical knot tying more than traditional technical training: a randomized controlled study". The American Journal of Surgery 208 (2): 171–177. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2013.12.042. PMID 24881015. http://www.americanjournalofsurgery.com/article/S0002-9610(14)00169-X/fulltext. Retrieved 2017-07-17.
8. ↑ Behan, Michael; Wilson, Mark (2008-05-20). "State anxiety and visual attention: The role of the quiet eye period in aiming to a far target". Journal of Sports Sciences 26 (2): 207–215. doi:10.1080/02640410701446919. PMID 17926174.
9. ↑ Gonzalez, C. C.; Causer, J.; Miall, R. C.; Grey, M. J.; Humphreys, G.; Williams, A. M. (2015-09-10). "Identifying the causal mechanisms of the quiet eye". European Journal of Sport Science 17 (1): 74–84. doi:10.1080/17461391.2015.1075595. PMID 26356536. http://prism.bham.ac.uk/pdf_files/Gonzalez_etal_EJSportSci_2015.pdf. Retrieved 2017-07-17.

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