List of environmental sampling techniques

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Environmental sampling techniques are used in biology, ecology and conservation as part of scientific studies to learn about the flora and fauna of a particular area and establish a habitat's biodiversity, the abundance of species and the conditions in which these species live amongst other information.[1] Where species are caught, researchers often then take the trapped organisms for further study in a lab or are documented by a researcher in the field before the animal is released. This information can then be used to better understand the environment, its ecology, the behaviour of species and how organisms interact with one another and their environment. Here is a list of some sampling techniques and equipment used in environmental sampling:

* Quadrats \- used for plants and slow moving animals[2][3]

## Contents

* 1 Techniques for Birds and/or Flying Invertebrates and/or Bats
* 2 Techniques for Terrestrial Animals
* 3 See also
* 4 Sources

## Techniques for Birds and/or Flying Invertebrates and/or Bats

* Malaise Trap[4][5][6]
* Flight Interception Trap[7][8]
* Harp Trap[9][10]
* Robinson Trap[11]
* Butterfly Net[12]
* Mist Net[13]

## Techniques for Terrestrial Animals

* Transect[14][3]
* Tullgren Funnel[15] \- used for soil-living arthropods
* Pitfall Trap[15] \- used for small terrestrial animals like insects and amphibians
* Netting techniques for terrestrial animals
* Beating Net[16] \- used for insects dwelling in trees and shrubs
* Sweep Netting[17] \- used for insects in grasses
* Aspirator/Pooter[18][19] \- used for insects
* Camera Trap[20] \- used for larger animals
* Sherman Trap[21][22] \- used for small mammals

## See also

* Insect Collecting
* Wildlife Biology
* Sampling

## Sources

1. ↑ "Introduction to sampling - FSC Biology Fieldwork". https://www.biology-fieldwork.org/a-level/fieldwork-techniques/introduction-to-sampling/.
2. ↑ "Quadrat Sampling | Census of Marine Life". http://www.coml.org/investigating/observing/quadrat_sampling.html.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Using quadrats in sampling - Field investigations - OCR Gateway - GCSE Biology (Single Science) Revision - OCR Gateway" (in en-GB). https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8s2v9q/revision/3.
4. ↑ "Malaise Traps- Collecting MethodsMississippi Entomological Museum Home". https://mississippientomologicalmuseum.org.msstate.edu/collecting.preparation.methods/Malaise.traps.htm.
5. ↑ "What is a Malaise Trap? | School Malaise Trap Program". https://malaiseprogram.com/discover/what-is-a-malaise-trap/.
6. ↑ "Malaise trap - Entomologists' glossary - Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES)". https://www.amentsoc.org/insects/glossary/terms/malaise-trap/.
7. ↑ Burns, Moya; Hancock, Geoff; Robinson, Jeanne; Cornforth, Ian; Blake, Shona (2014-06-01). "Two novel flight-interception trap designs for low-cost forest insect surveys" (in en). British Journal of Entomology and Natural History 27: 155–162. ISSN 0952-7583. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/117037/.
8. ↑ Bolliger, Janine; Collet, Marco; Hohl, Michael; Obrist, Martin K. (2020-07-10). "Automated flight-interception traps for interval sampling of insects" (in en). PLOS ONE 15 (7): e0229476. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229476. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 32649703. Bibcode: 2020PLoSO..1529476B.
9. ↑ "Survey guidelines for Australia’s threatened bats" (DOC). Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage & the Arts. http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/resources/2f420bf1-d9e4-44ec-a69c-07316cb81086/files/survey-guidelines-bats.doc.
10. ↑ Tidemann, C. R.; Loughland, R. A. (1993). "A harp trap for large megachriopterans" (in en). Wildlife Research 20 (5): 607–611. doi:10.1071/wr9930607. ISSN 1448-5494. https://www.publish.csiro.au/wr/wr9930607.
11. ↑ "Moth News: Moth-trapping Part II: Methods and techniques" (in en). 2011-04-02. https://www.birdguides.com/articles/invertebrates/moth-news-moth-trapping-part-ii-methods-and-techniques/.
12. ↑ "Butterfly net - Entomologists' glossary - Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES)". https://www.amentsoc.org/insects/glossary/terms/butterfly-net/.
13. ↑ Marques, João Tiago; Pereira, Maria J. Ramos; Marques, Tiago A.; Santos, Carlos David; Santana, Joana; Beja, Pedro; Palmeirim, Jorge M. (2013-09-18). "Optimizing Sampling Design to Deal with Mist-Net Avoidance in Amazonian Birds and Bats" (in en). PLOS ONE 8 (9): e74505. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074505. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 24058579. Bibcode: 2013PLoSO...874505M.
14. ↑ "Transects - FSC Biology Fieldwork". https://www.biology-fieldwork.org/a-level/fieldwork-techniques/vegetation-sampling/transects/.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Catching invertebrates in leaf litter and soil - FSC Biology Fieldwork". https://www.biology-fieldwork.org/a-level/fieldwork-techniques/sampling-mobile-organisms/catching-invertebrates-in-leaf-litter-and-soil/.
16. ↑ "Beating tray - Entomologists' glossary - Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES)". https://www.amentsoc.org/insects/glossary/terms/beating-tray/.
17. ↑ "Sweep net - Entomologists' glossary - Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES)". https://www.amentsoc.org/insects/glossary/terms/sweep-net/.
18. ↑ "Catching invertebrates from trees and bushes - FSC Biology Fieldwork". https://www.biology-fieldwork.org/a-level/fieldwork-techniques/sampling-mobile-organisms/catching-invertebrates-from-trees-and-bushes/.
19. ↑ "Pooter - Entomologists' glossary - Amateur Entomologists' Society (AES)". https://www.amentsoc.org/insects/glossary/terms/pooter/.
20. ↑ "Camera trapping" (in en). https://www.wwf.org.uk/project/conservationtechnology/camera-trap.
21. ↑ Harkins, Kristina M.; Keinath, Doug; Ben-David, Merav (2019-03-05). "It's a trap: Optimizing detection of rare small mammals" (in en). PLOS ONE 14 (3): e0213201. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0213201. ISSN 1932-6203. PMID 30835752. Bibcode: 2019PLoSO..1413201H.
22. ↑ Dizney, Laurie; Jones, Philip D.; Ruedas, Luis A. (2008). "Efficacy of Three Types of Live Traps Used for Surveying Small Mammals in the Pacific Northwest". Northwestern Naturalist 89 (3): 171–180. doi:10.1898/NWN08-18.1. ISSN 1051-1733. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30135132.

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