Mac OS 9

Mac OS 9A version of the classic Mac OS operating system

Screenshot of Mac OS 9.0.4

Developer| Apple Computer
OS family| Macintosh
Working state| Historic, unsupported
Source model| Closed source
Released to
manufacturing| October 23, 1999; 26 years ago (October 23, 1999)[1][2][3]
|Final release|Latest release}}| 9.2.2 / December 5, 2001; 24 years ago (2001-12-05)[4]
Platforms| PowerPC
Kernel type| Nanokernel
Default user interface| Apple Platinum
License| Proprietary
Preceded by| Mac OS 8
Succeeded by|

* Mac OS X 10.0
* Mac OS X Server 1.0

Support status
Historical, unsupported as of February 1, 2002
Part of a series on

Classic Mac OS

Versions

* System 1
* System 2, 3, and 4
* System 5
* System 6
* System 7
* Mac OS 7
* Mac OS 8
* Mac OS 9

Applications

* Calculator
* Chooser
* Drive Setup
* DVD Player
* Finder
* Graphing Calculator
* Keychain Access
* PictureViewer
* PowerTalk
* QuickTime Player
* Network Browser
* Scrapbook
* Sherlock
* Software Update
* Stickies
* System Information
* SimpleText

Developer

* HyperCard
* MacsBug
* Macintosh Programmer's Workshop
* ResEdit

Technology

* Alias
* Appearance Manager
* Apple menu
* At Ease
* Balloon help
* Bomb error
* Command key (⌘)
* Control Panel
* Control Strip
* Creator code
* Dogcow
* Extensions
* Hierarchical File System
* HFS Plus
* Keychain
* Labels
* Macintosh File System
* Macintosh Toolbox
* Managers
* Menu blinking
* MultiFinder
* Option key (⌥)
* OSType
* PICT
* QuickDraw
* QuickTime
* Resource fork
* Sosumi sound
* Startup sequence
* System folder
* System suitcase
* Type code
* WorldScript

Related

* Memory management
* Old World ROM
* New World ROM
* Software

* v
* t
* e

Mac OS 9 is the ninth and final major release of the classic Mac OS operating system for Macintosh computers, made by Apple Computer. Introduced on October 23, 1999, it was promoted by Apple as "The Best Internet Operating System Ever",[5] highlighting Sherlock 2’s Internet search capabilities, integration with Apple's free online services known as iTools and improved Open Transport networking.

While Mac OS 9 lacks protected memory and full pre-emptive multitasking,[6] lasting improvements include the introduction of an automated Software Update engine and support for multiple users. It was succeeded by Mac OS X 10.0 in 2001, the first version of the Mac OS X (now macOS) family of operating systems.

Apple discontinued development of Mac OS 9 in late 2001, transitioning all future development to Mac OS X. The final updates to Mac OS 9 addressed compatibility issues with Mac OS X while running in the Classic Environment and compatibility with Carbon applications. At the 2002 Worldwide Developers Conference, Steve Jobs began his keynote address by staging a mock funeral for OS 9.[7]

## Contents

* 1 Features
* 2 Mac OS 9 and the Classic Environment
* 3 Mac OS 9 and other Mac computers
* 4 Other uses
* 5 Version history
* 6 Compatibility
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 External links

## Features

Apple billed Mac OS 9 as including "50 new features" and heavily marketed its Sherlock 2 software, which introduced a "channels" feature for searching different online resources and introduced a QuickTime-like metallic appearance. Mac OS 9 also featured integrated support for Apple's suite of Internet services known as iTools (later re-branded as .Mac, then MobileMe, which was replaced by iCloud) and included improved TCP/IP functionality with Open Transport 2.5.

Other features new to Mac OS 9 include:[8]

* Integrated support for multiple user accounts without using At Ease.
* Support for voice login through VoicePrint passwords.
* Keychain, a feature allowing users to save passwords and textual data encrypted in protected keychains.
* A Software Update control panel for automatic download and installation of Apple system software updates.
* A redesigned Sound control panel and support for USB audio.
* Speakable Items 2.0, also known as PlainTalk, featuring improved speech synthesis and recognition along with AppleScript integration.[9]
* Improved font management through FontSync.
* Remote Access Personal Server 3.5, including support for TCP/IP clients over Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).
* An updated version of AppleScript with support for TCP/IP.
* Personal File Sharing over TCP/IP.
* USB Printer Sharing, a control panel allowing certain USB printers to be shared across a TCP/IP network.
* 128-bit file encryption in the Finder.
* Support for files larger than 2 GB.
* Unix volume support.
* CD Burning in the Finder (introduced in Mac OS 9.1).
* Addition of a "Window" menu to the Finder (introduced in Mac OS 9.1)

## Mac OS 9 and the Classic Environment

PowerPC versions of Mac OS X prior to 10.5 Leopard include a compatibility layer called Classic, enabling users to run applications and hardware requiring Mac OS 9 from within OS X. This is achieved through running Mac OS 9 without access to its Finder inside OS X. This requires Mac OS 9 to be installed on the machine, even though most Macs that can run the Classic environment are not necessarily able to boot into Mac OS 9 natively. Some Mac OS 9 applications do not run well in Classic; they demonstrate screen redraw problems and lagging performance. In addition, some drivers and other software which directly interact with the hardware fail to work properly.

In May 2002, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference in San Jose, California, Steve Jobs, accompanied by a coffin, held a mock funeral[7] to announce that Apple had stopped the development of Mac OS 9. The final version of Mac OS 9 and the "classic" Mac OS was Mac OS 9.2.2, released in December 2001.

In June 2005, Jobs announced that the Macintosh platform would be transitioning to Intel x86 microprocessors. Developer documentation of the Rosetta PowerPC emulation layer revealed that applications written for Mac OS 8 or 9 would not run on x86-based Macs. The Classic Environment remains in the PowerPC version of 10.4 Tiger; however, x86 versions of OS X and the PowerPC version of 10.5 Leopard do not support the Classic environment.

Mac OS 9 can be emulated by using SheepShaver, a PowerPC emulator available on multiple operating systems. It can be run on any machine with a supported CPU platform, including Intel-based Macs. Initially, it required an actual PowerPC processor present in the machine it was running on similar to a hypervisor, but support for x86 platforms was added at a later date. SheepShaver cannot run Mac OS versions newer than 9.0.4, however, as it does not have support for a memory management unit. The PearPC PowerPC emulator does not support Mac OS 9.[10] QEMU has experimental support for running Mac OS 9 using PowerPC G4 emulation.[11]

## Mac OS 9 and other Mac computers

In January 2002, Mac OS X displaced Mac OS 9 as the default operating system for all Macs produced from that point forward beginning with 10.1.2.[12] Despite this, Mac OS 9 continued to be preinstalled on some Macs (especially for Macs equipped with a PowerPC G4 processor) even as late as 2004, despite having its development stopped in late 2001. These Macs, despite coming with Mac OS X by default, also had Mac OS 9 preinstalled alongside the former to allow one to boot into Mac OS 9 natively if the user chooses to do so,[12] and allows the ability to run Classic Mac OS applications natively without resorting to the Classic environment in Mac OS X. This is especially important for applications that can directly access the computer's hardware, as well as for some applications that may have issues when running on the Classic environment. Most G4 Macs made prior to 2003 had both operating systems preinstalled alongside each other in a dual-boot configuration (with Mac OS X being selected as the default option), where they can be accessed via a boot menu accessible upon startup.[citation needed]

Some Macs that were released with higher CPU clock speeds (i.e. 1 GHz or higher) are also capable of running Mac OS 9. This includes the 867 MHz—1.25 GHz Mirrored Drive Doors Power Mac G4 and the 867 MHz—1 GHz Antimony titanium PowerBook G4 ("TiBook"), which were released in August 2002 and November 2002 respectively. The Antimony PowerBook G4s in particular were the last PowerBook models that came with Mac OS 9 preinstalled alongside Mac OS X, as later models only came with Mac OS X. Despite having G4 processors with faster clock speeds of up to 1.25 GHz and 1 GHz respectively on some models (with some Power Mac G4 models even having dual G4 processors as well), they were able to run Mac OS 9 without any issues.[citation needed]

The majority of Macs released in 2003 onwards only came preinstalled with Mac OS X and are incapable of booting into Mac OS 9. Most G4 Macs released during this period that have a 1 GHz or higher processor never had their "Mac OS ROM" boot files updated to allow those Macs to officially boot into Mac OS 9 natively outside of the Classic environment. Macs equipped with a PowerPC G5 processor are unable to boot into Mac OS 9 natively because support for PowerPC G5 processors is absent on Mac OS 9 (Mac OS 9 only supports G3 and G4 processors as of Mac OS 9.2.2). The only options for running Mac OS 9 (and therefore Classic Mac OS applications) on G5 Macs is the Classic environment in Mac OS X as well as other emulation software such as SheepShaver.[citation needed]

The last Macs released that had Mac OS 9 preinstalled was a rerelease of the 2002 Mirrored Drive Doors Power Mac G4 in June 2003, which was launched around the same time as the Power Mac G5 due to a perceived demand for Mac OS 9 machines. This model ended up as being one of the last Mac models overall to officially boot into Mac OS 9, making the Power Mac G4 series the last Macintosh computer to come preinstalled with Mac OS 9 after the introduction of Mac OS X. Production of this model (as well as the original version of the Power Mac G5 from 2003) was discontinued in June 2004, a year after its rerelease, which was three years after Mac OS 9 stopped development in late 2001 and two years after Mac OS X displaced Mac OS 9 as the default operating system in early 2002.[citation needed]

In recent years, unofficial patches have been made for Mac OS 9 and the "Mac OS ROM" to allow unsupported G4 Macs to boot into Mac OS 9 natively; this practice is not officially supported by Apple.[13]

## Other uses

Aside from Apple-branded hardware which can be maintained and operated, Mac OS 9 can also be operated in other environments such as Windows and Unix.[14] This includes emulation software such as the aforementioned SheepShaver. While it does provide PowerPC processor support, especially on Intel-based Macs, it can only run up to Mac OS 9.0.4 because it does not emulate a memory management unit. QEMU is another piece of software that has PowerPC emulation and is able to run all versions of Mac OS 9 up to Mac OS 9.2.2.

## Version history

Version  | Release date  | Changes  | Codename  | Computer  | Price

|
|
|
|
|

9.0 | October 23, 1999  |

* Initial release

| Sonata  | iMac G3  | US$99
9.0.2  | February 2000

(Shipped with Macs)

* Bug fixes

| N/A  | PowerBook (FireWire)  | Only shipped with referred Macs
9.0.3  | March 2000

(Shipped with Macs)

| iMac/iMac DV/iMac DV SE
9.0.4 | April 4, 2000  |

* Improved USB and FireWire support
* Other bug fixes

| Minuet  | iMac G3 (slot loading)  | Free Update
9.1 | January 9, 2001  |

* Integrated Disc Burning within Finder
* Implementation of Finder 'Window' menu
* Memory management unit required
* Improved stability

| Fortissimo  | iBook 14 inch and 12 inch
9.2  | July 18, 2001

(Shipped with Macs)

* G3 processor as minimum system requirement
* Improved speed
* Improved Classic Environment support

| Moonlight  | Power Mac G4 (QuickSilver)  | Only shipped with referred Macs
9.2.1  | August 21, 2001  |

* Minor bug fixes

| Limelight  | iBook (Late 2001), PowerBook G4 (Gigabit Ethernet)  | Free Update
9.2.2  | December 5, 2001  |

* Bug fixes relating to Classic Environment

| LU1  | eMac

Updates to Mac OS 9 include 9.0.4, 9.1, 9.2.1, and 9.2.2. Mac OS 9.0.4 was a collection of bug fixes primarily relating to USB and FireWire support. Mac OS 9.1 included integrated CD burning support in the Macintosh Finder and added a new Window menu in the Finder for switching between open windows. Mac OS 9.2 increased performance noticeably and improved Classic Environment support.

## Compatibility

Macintosh Model  | 9.0[15] | 9.1[15] | 9.2.1[15] | 9.2.2[15]

|
|
|
|

Power Macintosh 6100  | Yes  | Yes: Must install from CD  | No
Power Macintosh 7100
Power Macintosh 8100
PowerBook 2300  | Yes
PowerBook 2400c[C]
PowerBook 5300
PowerBook 1400[C] | Partial: Password Security unsupported
PowerBook 3400[C] | Yes: Hard disk driver must not be updated
Power Macintosh 5200 LC  | Yes
Power Macintosh 5300 LC
Power Macintosh 5500[C]
Power Macintosh 4400
Power Macintosh 6200[C]
Power Macintosh 6300[C]
Power Macintosh 6400[C]
Power Macintosh 6500[C]
Power Macintosh 7200[C]
Power Macintosh 7300[C]
Power Macintosh 7500[C]
Power Macintosh 8500[C]
Power Macintosh 7600[C]
Power Macintosh 8600[C]
Power Macintosh 9600[C]
Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh[C]
PowerBook G3
PowerBook G3 Series  | Yes  | Yes
PowerBook (FireWire)  | Yes: Machine-specific version only
PowerBook G4[A] | No  | Yes: Machine-specific version only
PowerBook G4 (Gigabit Ethernet)[A] | No  | Yes: Machine-specific version only
PowerBook G4 (DVI)[A] | No  | Yes: Machine-specific version only
PowerBook G4 (1 GHz/867 MHz)[A]
PowerBook G4 (12-inch)[B] | Partial: Classic Environment only
PowerBook G4 (17-inch)[B]
PowerBook G4 (12-inch DVI)[B]
PowerBook G4 (12-inch 1.33 GHz)[B]
PowerBook G4 (12-inch 1.5 GHz)[B]
PowerBook G4 (15-inch FW 800)[B]
PowerBook G4 (15-inch 1.5/1.33 GHz)[B]
PowerBook G4 (17-inch 1.33 GHz)[B]
PowerBook G4 (17-inch 1.5 GHz)[B]
iBook  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes  | Yes
iBook (FireWire)  | Yes: Machine-specific version only
iBook (Dual USB)[A] | No  | Yes: Machine-specific version only
iBook (Late 2001)[A]
iBook (14.1 LCD)[A] | No  | Partial: Classic Environment only
iBook (16 VRAM)[A]
iBook (Opaque 16 VRAM)[A]
iBook (32 VRAM)[A]
iBook (14.1 LCD 32 VRAM)[A]
iBook (Early 2003)[A] | Yes: Machine-specific version only
iBook G4[B] | Partial: Classic Environment only
iBook G4 (14-inch)[B]
iBook G4 (Early 2004)[B]
Power Macintosh G3 All-In-One  | Yes
Power Macintosh G3
Power Macintosh G3 (Blue and White)
iMac G3
iMac G3 (266 MHz, 333 MHz)
iMac G3 (Slot Loading)
iMac G3 (Summer 2000)  | Yes: Machine-specific version only  | Yes  | Yes
iMac G3 (Early 2001)[A] | No  | Yes: Machine-specific version only
iMac G3 (Summer 2001)[A]
iMac G4[A] | No  | Yes
iMac G4 (February 2003)[B] | Partial: Classic Environment only
iMac G4 (17-inch 1 GHz)[B]
iMac G4 (USB 2.0)[B]
iMac G5[B]
iMac G5 (Ambient Light Sensor)[B]
iMac G5 (iSight)[B]
eMac[A] | Yes
eMac (ATI Graphics CD-ROM drive)[A] | Yes: Machine-specific version only
eMac (ATI Graphics Combo drive)[A]
eMac (ATI Graphics SuperDrive)[B] | Partial: Classic Environment only
eMac (USB 2.0)[B]
eMac (2005)[B]
Power Mac G4 (PCI Graphics)  | Yes  | Yes
Power Mac G4 (AGP Graphics)
Power Mac G4 (Gigabit Ethernet)  | Yes: Machine-specific version only
Power Mac G4 Cube
Power Mac G4 (Digital Audio)[A] | No  | Yes: Machine-specific version only  | Yes
Power Mac G4 (QuickSilver)[A] | No
Power Mac G4 (QuickSilver 2002)[A] | No  | Yes: Machine-specific version only
Power Mac G4 (Mirrored Drive Doors)[A]
Power Mac G4 (FW 800)[B] | Partial: Classic Environment only
Power Mac G4 (Mirrored Drive Doors 2003)[A] | Yes: Machine-specific version only
Power Mac G5  | Partial: Classic Environment only
Power Mac G5 (June 2004)
Power Mac G5 (Late 2004)
Power Mac G5 (Early 2005)
Power Mac G5 (Late 2005)
Mac Mini (G4)[B] | Yes (unofficialy)[16]

1. 1Some newest G3 and most G4 Macs can only run at least Mac OS 9.1, and some only run at least Mac OS 9.2. This is because the late development of G3 Macs and the mid-development of G4 Macs was during the development of Mac OS 9 and only the versions the G4 Macs support were designed to be compatible with those G4 Macs.
2. 1Some newest G4 and all G5 Macs can only run at least Mac OS 9.2, and can only run its compatible versions of Mac OS 9 in OS X's Classic Environment because the "Mac OS ROM" was never updated to allow those Macs, which were developed during the OS X era, to directly boot it (but probably continued to run in userspace, with the restriction that it would only run at least Mac OS 9.2, so it was still supported in the Classic Environment).
3. 1Although Mac OS 9.2 to 9.2.2 officially requires a G3 processor as a minimum, certain second generation Power Macs can be made to run it using a third party program called "OS9 Helper", which allows for such benefits like support for the latest ATI classic Mac OS drivers, full iPod compatibility, and the ability to run DVD Studio Pro 1.5 or 1.2.1 and Final Cut Pro 3, among other things.[17][18]

## See also

* List of Apple operating systems

Timeline of Macintosh operating systems

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## References

1. ↑ "October 23, 1999: Mac OS 9 Released". AppleMatters. http://www.applematters.com/article/october-23-1999-mac-os-9-released/.
2. ↑ "October 23, 1999: Mac OS 9 Released [Archive \- Mac Forums"]. http://forums.macrumors.com/archive/index.php/t-244958.html.
3. ↑ "October 23, 1999: Mac OS 9 Released MacBytes.com". MacRumors.com. http://forums.macrumors.com/showthread.php?t=244958.
4. ↑ https://support.apple.com/kb/DL1293?locale=en_US
5. ↑ "October 23, 1999: Mac OS 9 Released". AppleMatters.com. http://www.applematters.com/article/october-23-1999-mac-os-9-released/.
6. ↑ "Re: newbie question: What is a Blue Task". Apple.com. http://lists.apple.com/archives/Mt-smp/2001/May/msg00007.html.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Apple WWDC 2002-The Death Of Mac OS 9". YouTube.com. 2 April 2006. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cl7xQ8i3fc0.
8. ↑ "MacHelp What's New in Mac OS 9". Apple.com. http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=50100.
9. ↑ "Mac OS 9: What's New - Speakable Items". Apple.com. http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=60519.
10. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions". PearPC Developers. https://pearpc.sourceforge.net/faq.html.
11. ↑ "Emulate Mac OS 9 With QEMU" (in en). 2018-11-07. https://www.jamesbadger.ca/2018/11/07/emulate-mac-os-9-with-qemu/.
12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Apple Makes Mac OS X the Default Operating System on All Macs" (Press release). Apple Inc. January 7, 2002. Archived from the original on September 19, 2022. Retrieved April 9, 2025.
13. ↑ "Mac OS 9 booting on: Previously Unspported G4 Models (Summary "Current state")". http://macos9lives.com/smforum/index.php/topic,4366.0.html.
14. ↑ "E-Maculation wiki". http://www.emaculation.com/doku.php/mac_emulation.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 "Mac OS 8 and 9 compatibility with Macintosh computers". Apple Inc.. http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1835.
16. ↑ Mac OS 9.2.2 for Mac Mini G4 (1.25, 1.33, 1.42, 1.5) (V9 / March 2020 from MacOS9Lives)
17. ↑ "Other World Computing: OS 9 Forever". https://eshop.macsales.com/OSXCenter/OS9Helper/Framework.cfm?topic=32.
18. ↑ OS 9 Forever Compatibility

## External links

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Preceded by
Mac OS 8 |  Mac OS 9
1999  | Succeeded by
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Classic Mac OS

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