Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking

Near-Earth Asteroid TrackingAbbreviation| NEAT

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Predecessor| Palomar Planet-Crossing Asteroid Survey
Successor| Near Earth Object Program
Formation| December 1995 (1995-12)
Founded at| Haleakalā Observatory, Maui, Hawaii
Dissolved| April 2007 (2007-04)
Type| Space observation program
Legal status| Disbanded
Purpose| To search for and map out near-earth asteroids

Principal investigator

| Raymond Bambery

Co-investigator and project manager

| Steven H. Pravdo

Co-investigators

| David L. Rabinowitz, Ken Lawrence and Michael Hicks

Main organ

| National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Parent organization

| Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Website| neat.jpl.nasa.gov

Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT) was a program run by NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, surveying the sky for near-Earth objects. NEAT was conducted from December 1995 until April 2007, at GEODSS on Hawaii (Haleakala-NEAT; 566), as well as at Palomar Observatory in California (Palomar-NEAT; 644). With the discovery of more than 40,000 minor planets, NEAT has been one of the most successful programs in this field, comparable to the Catalina Sky Survey, LONEOS and Mount Lemmon Survey.[1][2][3]

NEAT was the successor to the Palomar Planet-Crossing Asteroid Survey (PCAS).

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Discoveries
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## History

Number of NEOs detected by various projects:  LINEAR
NEAT
Spacewatch
LONEOS |  CSS
Pan-STARRS
NEOWISE
All others

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The original principal investigator was Eleanor F. Helin, with co-investigators Steven H. Pravdo and David L. Rabinowitz.[1]

NEAT had a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Air Force to use a GEODSS telescope located on Haleakala, Maui, Hawaii. GEODSS stands for Ground-based Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance and these wide-field Air Force telescopes were designed to optically observe Earth orbital spacecraft. The NEAT team designed a CCD camera and computer system for the GEODSS telescope. The CCD camera format was 4,096 × 4,096 pixels and the field of view was 1.2° × 1.6°.

Beginning in April 2001, the Samuel Oschin telescope (1.2-metre-aperture [3.9 ft] Schmidt telescope at Palomar Observatory) was also put into service to discover and track near-Earth objects. This telescope was equipped with a camera containing 112 CCDs each 2,400 × 600\. This was the telescope that produced the images leading to the discovery of 50000 Quaoar in 2002, and 90377 Sedna in 2003 (published 2004) and the dwarf planet Eris.

In addition to discovering thousands of asteroids, NEAT was also credited with the co-discovery (recovery) of periodic comet 54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT and of the high proper-motion Teegarden's Star. The C/2001 Q4 (NEAT) comet was discovered on August 24, 2001 by NEAT.[4]

An asteroid was named in its honour, 64070 NEAT, in early 2005.[5]

## Discoveries

Minor planets discovered: 40,975[3] see List of minor planets § Main index

1996 PW was discovered on 9 August 1996 by a NEAT automated search camera on Haleakalā, Hawaii.[6] It was the first object that was not an active comet discovered on an orbit typical of a long-period comets.[6] This raised the possibility it was an extinct comet or an unusual asteroid.[7]

## See also

* Minor Planet Center (MPC)
* Planetary Data System (PDS)
* Spaceguard
* List of near-Earth object observation projects

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking (NEAT)". NASA/JPL. http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/programs/neat.html.
2. ↑ Bauer, J. M.; Lawrence, K. J.; Buratti, B. J.; Bambery, R. J.; Lowry, S. C.; Meech, K. J. et al. (December 2007). "Photometry of Small Outer Solar System Bodies with the NEAT Database". Asteroids 1405: 8086. Bibcode: 2008LPICo1405.8086B. http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/acm2008/pdf/8086.pdf. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)". Minor Planet Center. 12 January 2017. http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/MPDiscsNum.html.
4. ↑ "C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)". NASA. http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=C/2001+Q4.
5. ↑ "64070 NEAT (2001 SS272)". NASA. http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=64070+NEAT.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Weissman, P. R. & Levison, H. F. (1997). Origin and evolution of the unusual object 1996 PW: Asteroids from the Oort cloud?. The Astrophysical Journal, 488, L133–L136
7. ↑ "New Object Moves like a Comet but Looks like an Asteroid". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. 22 August 1996. http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/releases/96/astcome.html.

## External links

* Near Earth Asteroid Tracking

* v
* t
* e

Asteroids

Main|

* Notable asteroids
* Physical characteristics
* dynamic method
* Impact avoidance
* Tracking
* Capture
* Gravitational keyhole
* Earth-crosser
* Close approaches
* Binary
* moon
* contact
* P–L

Distribution|

* Interior to Earth
* vulcanoids
* Mercury-crossers
* Venus-crossers
* Main-belt
* Kirkwood gap
* comets
* Trojans
* Venus trojan
* Earth
* Mars
* Jupiter
* Uranus trojan
* Neptune trojan
* Near-Earth
* Aten
* Amor
* Apollo
* Apohele
* Earth-crossers
* Between Earth and the main belt
* Mars crossers
* Mars trojans
* Outer Solar System, does not include distant minor planets
* Jupiter-crossers
* Jupiter trojan

Classification|

| Orbital|

* Group
* Family
* (list)

|

Spectral|

| Tholen|

* C-group
* B-type
* F-type
* G-type
* C-type
* S-type
* X-group
* M-type
* E-type
* P-type
* small classes
* A-type
* D-type
* J-type
* T-type
* Q-type
* R-type
* V-type

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SMASS|

* C-group
* B-type
* C-type
* Cg
* Ch
* Cgh
* Cb
* S-group
* A-type
* Q-type
* R-type
* K-type
* L-type
* S-type
* Sa
* Sq
* Sr
* Sk
* Sl
* X-group
* X-type
* Xe
* Xc
* Xk
* small types
* T-type
* D-type
* Ld-type
* O-type
* V-type

Exploration|

* Asteroid Redirect Mission
* Asteroids visited by spacecraft
* Mining
* Ceres
* Colonization
* Near-Earth Object Surveillance Mission

Lists|

* Near-Earth
* Minor planets
* Lost
* Discovering observatories
* Space missions

* See also: Asteroids in fiction
* Asteroids in astrology
* occultation
* Comet
* Minor planet

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Planetary defense

Main topics|

* Asteroid
* Bolide
* Earth-grazing fireball
* Impact event
* List of meteor air bursts
* Meteor procession
* Meteor shower
* Meteorite
* Meteoroid
* Near-Earth object
* Potentially hazardous object

Defense|

* Asteroid impact avoidance
* Asteroid laser ablation
* Gravity tractor
* Ion-beam shepherd
* Asteroid close approaches
* Earth-crossing minor planets
* Damage scales
* Palermo scale
* Torino scale

Space probes|

* Dawn
* Deep Impact
* AIDA
* Hera
* DART
* Halley Armada
* Hayabusa
* Hayabusa2
* MASCOT
* NEAR Shoemaker
* NEA Scout
* New Horizons
* OSIRIS-REx
* PROCYON
* Rosetta
* Philae
* Stardust

NEO tracking|

* ATLAS
* Catalina Sky Survey
* LINEAR
* LONEOS
* NEAT
* NEOSSat
* NEOCam
* NEODyS
* OGS Telescope
* Orbit@home
* Pan-STARRS
* SCAP
* Sentinel Space Telescope
* Sentry
* Spacewatch
* WISE

Organizations|

* B612 Foundation
* Japan Spaceguard Association
* Meteoritical Society
* NEOShield
* Spaceguard
* The Spaceguard Foundation
* Space Situational Awareness Programme
* Planetary Defense Coordination Office

Potential threats|

* 1950 DA
* 1994 WR12
* 101955 Bennu
* 2002 MN
* (410777) 2009 FD
* 2010 RF12
* 99942 Apophis

Films / video|

* The End of the World (1916)
* When Worlds Collide (1951)
* Gorath (1962)
* The Green Slime (1968)
* The Paradise Syndrome (1968)
* A Fire in the Sky (1978)
* Meteor (1979)
* NOVA: Doomsday Asteroid (1995)
* Asteroid (1997)
* Deep Impact (1998)
* Armageddon (1998)
* Judgment Day (1999)
* Post Impact (2004)
* Deadly Skies (2006)
* Super Comet: After the Impact (2007)
* Impact (2009)
* NOVA: Last Extinction (2009)
* Meteor Storm (2010)
* HORIZON: Asteroids–The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (2010)
* Melancholia (2011)
* NOVA: Meteor Strike (2013)
* NOVA: Asteroid: Doomsday or Payday? (2013)
* Impact Earth (2015)
* Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015)

* v
* t
* e

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Current missions|

* ACRIMSAT
* ASTER
* Atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS)
* Deep Space Atomic Clock
* GRACE-FO
* InSight
* Juno
* Keck observatory
* Large Binocular Telescope (LBT)
* Mars Odyssey
* Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
* Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
* Microwave limb sounder (MLS)
* Multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR)
* Spitzer Space Telescope
* Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES)
* Voyager program
* Voyager 1
* Voyager 2

Planned|

* Mars 2020 rover
* Psyche
* Euclid
* Europa Clipper
* Lunar Flashlight
* NEA Scout
* SPHEREx
* SWOT
* WFIRST

Proposed|

* Europa Lander
* FINESSE

Past|

* Cassini-Huygens
* Dawn
* Deep Impact
* Deep Space 1
* Deep Space 2
* Explorers
* GALEX
* Galileo
* Genesis
* GRACE
* Herschel
* IRAS
* Jason-1
* Kepler
* Magellan
* Mariner
* Mars Climate Orbiter
* Mars Cube One (MarCO)
* Mars Observer
* Mars Pathfinder
* Mars Polar Lander
* Mars Global Surveyor
* Mars Exploration Rover (MER)
* NSCAT
* Phoenix
* Pioneer
* QuikSCAT
* Ranger
* Rosetta
* Seasat
* Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)
* Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME)
* Spaceborne Imaging Radar (SIR)
* Stardust
* Surveyor
* SVLBI
* TOPEX/Poseidon
* Ulysses
* Viking
* Wide Field and Planetary Camera (WFPC)
* Wide Field Infrared Explorer (WIRE)

Cancelled missions|

* Astrobiology Field Laboratory (AFL)
* Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C)

Related organizations|

* NASA
* Caltech
* NASA Deep Space Network
* Goldstone Complex
* Table Mountain Observatory
* Solar System Ambassadors

* Jet Propulsion Laboratory Science Division
* Near-Earth Asteroid Tracking
* Space Flight Operations Facility

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