Anticyclonic storm

Short description: Type of storm

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The Great Red spot on Jupiter is considered as an Anticyclone storm system.[1]

File:Anticyclone clouds.tif An anticyclonic storm is a storm with a high-pressure center, in which winds flow in the direction opposite to that of the flow above a region of low pressure.[2] Unlike a cyclonic storm, anticyclonic storms are typically associated with fair weather and stable atmospheric conditions. On other planets or in rare cases on Earth, anticyclones can contribute to inclement weather. Examples include Hartmut, which brought a blizzard to the British Isles in 2018, Jupiter, and Neptune's persistent anticyclonic storms.

## Contents

* 1 Description
* 1.1 Synoptic-scale anticyclones
* 1.2 Mesoanticyclonic supercells
* 1.3 Anticyclonic tornadoes
* 1.4 Examples
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## Description

### Synoptic-scale anticyclones

Anticyclonic storms at the synoptic scale usually form around high-pressure systems where air moves apart and sinks.[3] Air at the center of these storms is forced away from the high pressure zones and replaced by a downdraft of air from higher altitudes.[3] Anticyclonic storms have fewer clouds than cyclonic storms, due to a lower humidity. This lower humidity is caused by the air compressing and heating up as it moves downward.[3]

Anticyclonic storms, as high-pressure systems, usually bring warm, clear conditions in the summer. Occasionally, this can result in heat wave conditions and droughts if the anticyclone remains stationary over a certain region of land.[4] During the winter time, the clear, settled conditions of the anticyclone can lead to frost and fog. This is because the clear skies created by the sinking air of the high-pressure system allow heat to be lost from Earth's surface overnight, leading to rapid air temperature drops that condense into frost or fog.[5]

Due to the Coriolis effect, anticyclonic storms involve clockwise flow in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise flow in the Southern Hemisphere.

### Mesoanticyclonic supercells

Supercells are long-lasting and rotating convective storms that are formed when thunderstorms are accompanied by strong vertical wind shear.[6] A supercell has a rotating updraft (mesocyclone) and a downdraft. The mesocyclone is created when horizontal vortices created by the wind shear (varying wind speed and direction with height) are tilted into the vertical by the storm's updraft. Typically, the mesocyclone rotates cyclonically (counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere), but on occasion it can rotate anticyclonically, thus yielding a Mesoanticyclone. Mesoanticyclones in the northern hemisphere are more likely to form in an environment where the vertical wind shear vector turns in a counterclockwise manner with height (wind backing). As such, anticyclonic supercells typically move left of the mean tropospheric wind unlike most supercells and are short-lived, so they rarely produce tornadoes.[7]

### Anticyclonic tornadoes

Tornado vortices rotate cyclonically in about 99% of cases, but some tornadoes rotate anticyclonically under favorable conditions and occur on a small enough scale that the Coriolis effect is negligible.[8] Anticyclonic tornadoes typically appear as accessories to regular cyclonic tornadoes in cyclonically rotating, right-moving supercells, but are weaker and short-lived. Rarely, anticyclonic supercells can also spawn anticyclonic tornadoes.[9]

### Examples

* Hartmut, Scandinavia: From 25 February – 4 March 2018, a Siberian airmass triggered a rare instance of an "anticyclonic blizzard" during an exceptionally strong anticyclone with hurricane-force maximum gusts of 187 km/h (116 mph) and peak central pressure of 1056 hPa. It caused the Beast from the East, a deadly cold wave that channeled freezing air and large amounts of snow over Europe. The interaction of Anticyclone Hartmut and Cyclone Emma intensified the wind and snowfall threat in Western Europe, particularly the British Isles.
* Neptune: In 1989, Voyager 2 discovered an anticyclonic cloud system (DS2) in convective storms at 55°S on Neptune. There were bright and high clouds associated with this system with an anticyclonic vortex. These cloud systems on Neptune are known as 'companion clouds'[10] because they are formed similarly to the cloud structures on Earth that can lead to anticyclonic storms. Voyager 2 discovered convective storms where one of which resembled anticyclonic behavior. This convective storm was located in the DS2 anticyclone located at 55°S.[10] There were bright and high clouds associated with this system with an anticyclonic vortex.

## See also

* Anticyclone
* Anticyclonic tornado
* Great Red Spot

## References

1. ↑ "Jupiter's Great Red Spot" (in en). 2011-12-13. http://www.nationalgeographic.org/activity/jupiter-s-great-red-spot/family/.
2. ↑ Black, Patrick (2015-12-11). "Antarctic Anticyclone Sending Two NASA Scientific Balloons Flying". http://www.nasa.gov/feature/antarctic-anticyclone-sending-two-nasa-scientific-balloons-flying-in-circles.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "A Major Difference Between Cyclones & Anticyclones Is What?" (in en). https://sciencing.com/major-difference-between-cyclones-anticyclones-8252667.html.
4. ↑ "Monday Supplemental Summary". https://wrbuckler.people.ysu.edu/Weather/Readings/hazards_of_anticyclones.htm#:~:text=During the summer, a persistent,heat wave or a drought..
5. ↑ "MetLink - Royal Meteorological Society Anticyclones, Depressions and Fronts -" (in en-GB). https://www.metlink.org/resource/anticyclone-depressions-and-fronts/.
6. ↑ Davies-Jones, Robert (2015). "A review of supercell and tornado dynamics" (in en). Atmospheric Research 158-159: 274–291. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.04.007. ISSN 0169-8095. Bibcode: 2015AtmRe.158..274D. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809514001756.
7. ↑ "Supercell - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/supercell.
8. ↑ US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "Rare" (in EN-US). https://www.weather.gov/abr/2019_June15_Tornado.
9. ↑ Bluestein, H. B.; Snyder, J.; Houser, J. (2015-12-01). On the Environment of Supercells That Produce Anticyclonic-Cyclonic Tornado Pairs. 2015. pp. A34D–05. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.A34D..05B.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Convective storms and atmospheric vertical structure in Uranus and Neptune". Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences 378 (2187): 20190476. 2020. doi:10.1098/rsta.2019.0476. PMID 33161859. Bibcode: 2020RSPTA.37890476H.

## External links

* Science Video: "Jupiter's Little Red Spot Planetary Scientists Detect Strong Winds In Anticyclone On Jupiter". Article/video date: November 1, 2008.

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Cyclones and anticyclones of the world (Centers of action)

Concepts|

* Anticyclonic storm
* Storm
* High-pressure area
* Low-pressure area
* Rapid intensification
* Central dense overcast
* Annular tropical cyclone
* Bar (tropical cyclone)
* Superstorm
* Hypercane

Anticyclone|

| Northern Hemisphere|

* North Polar High
* Siberian High
* Azores High
* North American High
* North Pacific High
* Ridiculously Resilient Ridge
* Subtropical ridge

|

Southern Hemisphere|

* South Polar High
* South Atlantic High
* South Pacific High
* Kalahari High
* Subtropical ridge

Cyclone|

| Synoptic scale|

| Surface-based|

| Polar|

* North Polar low
* South Polar low

|

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Extratropical cyclones

Concepts|

* Anticyclonic storm
* Storm
* Cyclone
* Post-tropical cyclone
* Low-pressure area
* Weather bomb
* Sting jet
* List
* Rainband

Northern Hemisphere|

| North America|

| Continental|

| Lee Cyclone|

* Alberta clipper
* Colorado low
* Great basin low

|

Other|

* Panhandle hook
* Witch of November

Oceanic|

* Aleutian Low
* Hatteras low
* Nor'easter
* Gulf low
* Pacific Northwest windstorm

Europe|

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European windstorms

Historical|

* Grote Mandrenke
* Burchardi flood
* Great Storm of 1703
* Great Storm of 1824
* Night of the Big Wind
* Moray Firth fishing disaster
* Tay Bridge disaster
* Eyemouth disaster

20th century|

* Iberia 1941
* North Sea flood of 1953
* Hurricane Debbie 1961
* North Sea flood of 1962
* 1968 Scotland storm
* Quimburga 1972
* Gale of January 1976
* December 1981 windstorm
* Ex-Hurricane Charley 1986
* Great Storm of 1987
* Burns' Day storm 1990
* New Year's Day Storm 1992
* Braer Storm of January 1993
* Christmas Eve storm 1997
* Boxing Day Storm of 1998
* Anatol 1999
* Lothar and Martin 1999

2000s|

* Oratia 2000
* Jeanett 2002
* Gudrun 2005
* Per 2007
* Kyrill 2007
* Emma 2008
* Klaus 2009
* Xynthia 2010
* Berit 2011
* Friedhelm/Bawbag 2011
* Joachim 2011
* Dagmar 2011
* Andrea 2012
* St Jude 2013
* Xaver 2013
* Dirk 2013
* Tini 2014
* Elon and Felix 2015
* Niklas 2015
* Egon 2017
* Thomas (Doris) 2017
* Zeus 2017
* Xavier 2017
* Ophelia 2017
* Herwart 2017
* Eleanor (Burglind) 2018
* Friederike (David) 2018

2015–present|

* 2015–16
* 2016–17
* 2017–18
* 2018–19
* 2019–20

See also|

* List of European windstorms
* List of atmospheric pressure records in Europe

Other|

* Black Sea storms
* Icelandic Low
* Genoa low

Asia|

* Western Disturbance
* Continental North Asian storms
* East Asian-northwest Pacific storms

Other areas|

* Arctic
* Kona storm

Southern Hemisphere|

| Australia|

* Australian east coast low
* Black nor'easter

|

Other areas|

* Southern Ocean cyclone
* Sudestada

Subtropical|

* Kona storm
* Australian east coast Low
* Lake Huron cyclone
* Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone
* Thermal

Tropical
(List)|

| Northern Hemisphere|

* Atlantic hurricane
* Cape Verde hurricane
* Pacific hurricane
* Typhoon
* North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
* Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone

|

Southern Hemisphere|

* South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
* Australian region tropical cyclone
* South Pacific tropical cyclone
* South Atlantic tropical cyclone

Upper level|

* Cold-core low
* Polar vortex
* Upper tropospheric cyclonic vortex

Mesoscale|

| Mesoscale ocean eddies|

* Catalina eddy
* Haida Eddies

|

Mesoscale convective system|

* Wake Low
* Mesohigh
* Mesoscale convective vortex
* Line echo wave pattern

Whirlwind|

| Major|

* Mesocyclone
* Supercell
* Low-topped supercell
* Wall cloud
* Funnel cloud
* Tornado
* Multiple-vortex tornado
* Satellite tornado
* Anticyclonic tornado
* Landspout
* Waterspout

|

Minor|

* Gustnado
* Dust devil
* Steam devil
* Fire whirl

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