Population equivalent

Short description: Equivalent population to produce industrial wastewater

Population equivalent (PE) or unit per capita loading, or equivalent person (EP), is a parameter for characterizing industrial wastewaters. It essentially compares the polluting potential of an industry (in terms of biodegradable organic matter) with a population (or certain number of people), which would produce the same polluting load.[1]: 65 In other words, it is the number expressing the ratio of the sum of the pollution load produced during 24 hours by industrial facilities and services to the individual pollution load in household sewage produced by one person in the same time. This refers to the amount of oxygen-demanding substances in wastewater which will consume oxygen as it bio-degrades, usually as a result of bacterial activity.[2]

## Contents

* 1 Equation and base value
* 2 Population equivalents for industrial wastewaters
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Equation and base value

A value frequently used in the international literature for PE, which was based on a German publication, is 54 gram of BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand) per person (or per capita or per inhabitant) per day.[1]: 65 [2] This has been adopted by many countries for design purposes but other values are also in use. For example, a commonly used definition used in Europe is: 1 PE equates to 60 gram of BOD per person per day, and it also equals 200 liters of sewage per day.[3][4][5] In the United States, a figure of 80 grams BOD per day is normally used.[6]: 171

If the base value is taken as 60 grams of BOD per person per day, then the equation to calculate PE from an industrial wastewater is:

PE=BOD load from industry [kgday]0.060 [kginhab⋅day]

## Population equivalents for industrial wastewaters

BOD population equivalents of wastewater from some industries[1]: 70 Type  | Activity  | Unit of production  | BOD PE

[inhab/(unit/d)]

|
|
|

Food  | Canning (fruit/vegetables)  | 1 ton processed  | 500
| Pea processing  | 1 ton processed  | 85-400
| Tomato  | 1 ton processed  | 50-185
| Carrot  | 1 ton processed  | 160-390
| Potato  | 1 ton processed  | 215-545
| Citrus fruit  | 1 ton processed  | 55
| Chicken meat  | 1 ton processed  | 70-1600
| Beef  | 1 ton processed  | 20-600
| Fish  | 1 ton processed  | 300-2300
| Sweets/candies  | 1 ton produced  | 40-150
| Sugar cane  | 1 ton produced  | 50
| Dairy (without cheese)  | 1000 L milk  | 20-100
| Dairy (with cheese)  | 1000 L milk  | 100-800
| Margarine  | 1 ton produced  | 500
| Slaughter house  | 1 cow / 2.5 pigs  | 10-100
| Yeast production  | 1 ton produced  | 21000
Confined animals breeding  | Pigs  | live t.d  | 35-100
| Dairy cattle (milking room)  | live t.d  | 1-2
| Cattle  | live t.d  | 65-150
| Horses  | live t.d  | 65-150
| Poultry  | live t.d  | 15-20
Sugar-alcohol  | Alcohol distillation  | 1 ton cane processed  | 4000
Drinks  | Brewery  | 1 m3 produced  | 150-350
| Soft drinks  | 1 m3 produced  | 50-100
| Wine  | 1 m3 produced  | 5
Textiles  | Cotton  | 1 ton produced  | 2800
| Wool  | 1 ton produced  | 5600
| Rayon | 1 ton produced  | 550
| Nylon | 1 ton produced  | 800
| Polyester | 1 ton produced  | 3700
| Wool washing  | 1 ton produced  | 2000-4500
| Dyeing | 1 ton produced  | 2000-3500
| Textile bleaching | 1 ton produced  | 250-350
Leather and tanneries  | Tanning  | 1 ton hide processed  | 1000-3500
| Shoes  | 1000 pairs produced  | 300
Pulp and paper  | Pulp  | 1 ton produced  | 600
| Paper  | 1 ton produced  | 100-300
| Pulp and paper integrated  | 1 ton produced  | 1000-10000
Chemical industrial | Paint  | 1 employee  | 20
| Soap  | 1 ton produced  | 1000
| Petroleum refinery  | 1 barrel (117 L)  | 1
| PVC  | 1 ton produced  | 200
Steelworks  | Foundry  | 1 ton pig iron produced  | 12-30
| Lamination | 1 ton produced  | 8-50

## See also

* Sewage treatment

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Von Sperling, M. (2015). "Wastewater Characteristics, Treatment and Disposal" (in en). Water Intelligence Online 6. doi:10.2166/9781780402086. ISSN 1476-1777. https://iwaponline.com/ebooks/book/72/.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Population Equivalent". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 20 November 2001. https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=2086.
3. ↑ Henze, M.; van Loosdrecht, M. C. M.; Ekama, G.A.; Brdjanovic, D. (2008) (in en). Biological Wastewater Treatment: Principles, Modelling and Design. IWA Publishing. doi:10.2166/9781780401867. ISBN 978-1-78040-186-7. http://iwaponline.com/ebooks/book/59/Biological-Wastewater-Treatment-Principles.
4. ↑ "Glossary of terms related to Urban Waste Water". European Commission. 7 August 2019. https://ec.europa.eu/environment/water/water-urbanwaste/info/glossary_en.htm.
5. ↑ "Central Statistical Office, Poland". http://www.stat.gov.pl/gus/definicje_ENG_HTML.htm?id=ANG-309.htm.
6. ↑ Rowe, Donald R.; Abdel-Magid, Isam Mohammed (1995). Handbook of Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-87371-671-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=L1D-G9tC5EkC&pg=PA171.

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