List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes

Short description: None

This is a list of roots, suffixes, and prefixes used in medical terminology, their meanings, and their etymologies. Most of them are combining forms in Neo-Latin and hence international scientific vocabulary. There are a few general rules about how they combine. First, prefixes and suffixes, most of which are derived from ancient Greek or classical Latin, have a droppable vowel, usually -o-. As a general rule, this vowel almost always acts as a joint-stem to connect two consonantal roots (e.g. arthr- \+ -o- \+ -logy = arthrology), but generally, the -o- is dropped when connecting to a vowel-stem (e.g. arthr- \+ -itis = arthritis, instead of  ). Second, medical roots generally go together according to language, i.e., Greek prefixes occur with Greek suffixes and Latin prefixes with Latin suffixes. Although international scientific vocabulary is not stringent about segregating combining forms of different languages, it is advisable when coining new words not to mix different lingual roots.

## Contents

* 1 Prefixes and suffixes
* 1.1 A
* 1.2 B
* 1.3 C
* 1.4 D
* 1.5 E
* 1.6 F
* 1.7 G
* 1.8 H
* 1.9 I
* 1.10 J–K
* 1.11 L
* 1.12 M
* 1.13 N
* 1.14 O
* 1.15 P
* 1.16 Q–R
* 1.17 S
* 1.18 T
* 1.19 U
* 1.20 V
* 1.21 X–Z
* 2 English meanings
* 2.1 Roots of the body
* 2.1.1 Roots of bodily concepts
* 2.1.2 Body parts and substances
* 2.2 Roots of color
* 2.3 Roots of description
* 2.4 Roots of position
* 2.5 Prefixes of quantity or amount
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## Prefixes and suffixes

The following is an alphabetical list of medical prefixes and suffixes, along with their meanings, origins, and English examples.

### A

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

a-, an- | not, without (alpha privative)  | Greek ἀ-/ἀν- (a-/an-), not, without  | analgesic, apathy, anencephaly
ab- | from; away from  | Latin  | abduction, abdomen
abdomin- | of or relating to the abdomen | Latin abdōmen, abdomen, fat around the belly  | abdomen, abdominal
-ac | pertaining to; one afflicted with  | Greek -ακός (-akós)  | cardiac, celiac
acanth- | thorn or spine | Greek ἄκανθα (ákantha), thorn  | acanthion, acanthocyte, acanthoma, acanthulus
acou-[1] | of or relating to hearing  | Greek ἀκούειν (akoúein), ἀκουστικός (akoustikós), of or for hearing  | acoumeter, acoustician, hyperacusis
acr- | extremity, topmost  | Greek ἄκρον (ákron), highest or farthest point  | acrocrany, acromegaly, acroosteolysis, acroposthia, acrosome
-acusis | hearing  | Greek ἀκουστικός (akoustikós), of or for hearing  | paracusis
-ad | toward, in the direction of  | Latin ad, toward, to  | dorsad, ventrad
ad- | at, increase, on, toward  | Latin ad-, to  | adduction, addition
aden- | of or relating to a gland  | Greek ἀδήν, ἀδέν-, (adḗn, adén-), an acorn; a gland  | adenocarcinoma, adenology, adenotome, adenotyphus
adip- | of or relating to fat or fatty tissue  | Latin adeps, adip-, fat  | adipocyte
adren- | of or relating to the adrenal glands  | Latin ad \+ rēnēs, kidneys  | adrenal artery
-aemia, ema, hemat (BrE)  | blood condition  | Greek ἀναιμία (anaimía), without blood  | anaemia
aer(o)- | air, gas  | Greek ἀήρ, ἀέρος (aḗr, aéros)  | aerosinusitis, aerodynamics
aesthesi- (BrE)  | sensation  | Greek αἴσθησις (aísthēsis)  | anaesthesia
-al | pertaining to  | Latin -alis | abdominal, femoral
alb- | denoting a white or pale color  | Latin albus, white  | albino, tunica albica
alge(si)- | pain | Greek ἄλγος (álgos)  | analgesic
-algia, alg(i)o- | pain  | Greek  | myalgia
all- | denoting something as different, or as an addition  | Greek ἄλλος (állos), another, other  | alloantigen, allopathy
ambi- | denoting something as positioned on both sides; describing both of two  | Latin ambi-, ambo, both, on both sides  | ambidextrous
amnio- | Pertaining to the membranous fetal sac (amnion)  | Greek ἄμνιον (ámnion)  | amniocentesis
amph(i)-,  | on both sides  | Greek ἀμφί (amphí)  | amphicrania, amphismela, amphomycin
amylo- | starchy, carbohydrate-related  | Latin amylum (starch)  | amylase, amylophagia
an- | not, without (alpha privative)  | Greek  | analgesia
ana- | back, again, up  | Greek ἀνα- (ana-)  | anaplasia
an- | anus | Latin  | anal
andr- | pertaining to a man | Greek ἀνήρ, ἀνδρ- (anḗr, andr-), male  | android, andrology, androgen
angi- | blood vessel | Greek ἀγγεῖον (angeîon)  | angiogram, angioplasty
aniso- | describing something as unequal  | Greek ἄνῑσος (ánīsos), unequal  | anisocytosis, anisotropic
ankyl-, ancyl- | denoting something as crooked or bent  | Greek ἀγκύλος (ankúlos), crooked, curved  | ankylosis
ante- | describing something as positioned in front of another thing  | Latin āntē, before, in front of  | antepartum
anthropo- | human  | Greek ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos), human  | anthropology
anti- | describing something as 'against' or 'opposed to' another  | Greek ἀντί (antí), against  | antibody, antipsychotic
apo- | away, separated from, derived from  | Greek ἀπό (apó)  | apoptosis, apocrine
archi- | first, primitive  | Greek ἀρχι- (arkhi-)  | archinephron
arsen(o)- | of or pertaining to a male; masculine  | Greek ἀρσενικός (arsenikós)  | arsenoblast
arteri(o)- | of or pertaining to an artery | Greek ἀρτηρία (artēría), a wind-pipe, artery (used distinctly versus a vein)  | arteriole, artery
arthr- | of or pertaining to the joints, limbs  | Greek ἄρθρον (árthron), a joint, limb  | arthritis
articul- | joint  | Latin articulus | Articulation
-ary | pertaining to  | Latin -arius | biliary tract, coronary
-ase | enzyme | from Greek διάστασις (δια- (dia-, part, apart) + στάσις (stásis, stand)), division  | Lactase
-asthenia | weakness | Greek ἀσθένεια (asthéneia)  | Myasthenia gravis
atel(o)- | imperfect or incomplete development  | Greek ἀτελής (atelḗs), without end, incomplete  | atelocardia
ather- | fatty deposit, soft gruel-like deposit  | ἀθάρη (athárē)  | Atherosclerosis
-ation | process  | Latin  | medication, civilization
atri- | an atrium (esp. heart atrium)  | Latin  | atrioventricular
aur- | of or pertaining to the ear  | Latin auris, the ear  | Aural
aut- | self  | Greek αὐτός, αὐτο- (autós, auto-)  | Autoimmune, autograph, autobiography, automobile, automatic
aux(o)- | increase; growth  | Greek αὐξάνω, αὔξω (auxánō, aúxō)  | Auxocardia: enlargement of the heart, auxology
axill- | of or pertaining to the armpit (uncommon as a prefix)  | Latin axilla, armpit  | Axilla
azo(to)- | nitrogenous compound  | French azote, nitrogen; from Greek άζωτικός (ázōtikós) ἀ- (a-, no, without) + ζωή (zōḗ, life)), mephitic air  | azothermia: raised temperature due to nitrogenous substances in blood

### B

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

bacillus | rod-shaped  | Latin baculus, stick  | Bacillus anthracis
bacteri- | Pertaining to bacteria | Latin bacterium; Greek βακτήριον (baktḗrion), small staff  | bacteriophage, bactericide
balan- | of the glans penis or glans clitoridis  | Greek βάλανος (bálanos), acorn, glans  | balanitis
bas- | of or pertaining to base  | Greek βάσις (básis), foundation, base  | basolateral
bi- | twice, double  | Latin bi- | binary vision, bicycle, bisexual
bio- | life  | Greek βίος (bíos)  | biology, biological
blast- | germinate or bud  | Greek βλαστός (blastós)  | blastomere
blephar(o)- | of or pertaining to the eyelid  | Greek βλέφαρον (blépharon), eyelid  | blepharoplasty
brachi(o)- | of or relating to the arm  | Latin bracchium, from Greek βραχίων (brakhíōn), arm  | brachium of inferior colliculus
brachy- | indicating 'short' or less commonly 'little'  | Greek βραχύς (brakhús), short, little, shallow  | brachycephalic
brady- | slow  | Greek βραδύς (bradús), slow  | bradycardia, bradyzoite
bronch(i)- | of or relating to the bronchus  | Latin bronchus; Greek βρόγχος (brónkhos), windpipe  | bronchitis, bronchiolitis obliterans
bucc(o)- | of or pertaining to the cheek | Latin bucca, cheek  | buccolabial
burs(o)- | bursa (fluid sac between the bones)  | Latin bursa, purse; Greek βύρσα (búrsa), hide, wine-skin  | bursa, bursitis

### C

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

capill- | of or pertaining to hair  | Latin capillus, hair  | capillus
capit- | pertaining to the head as a whole  | Latin caput, capit-, the head  | capitation, decapitation
carcin- | cancer | Greek καρκίνος (karkínos), crab  | carcinoma
cardi- | of or pertaining to the heart | Greek καρδία (kardía), heart  | cardiology
carp- | of or pertaining to the wrist  | Latin carpus < Greek καρπός (karpós), wrist; NOTE: This root should not be confused with the mirror root carp(o)- meaning fruit.  | carpal, carpopedal spasm, metacarpal
cata- | down, under  | Greek κατά (katá)  | catabolism, catacombs, cataract
-cele | pouching, hernia | Greek κήλη (kḗlē)  | hydrocele, varicocele
-centesis | surgical puncture for aspiration  | Greek κέντησις (kéntēsis)  | amniocentesis
cephal(o)- | of or pertaining to the head (as a whole)  | Greek κεφαλή (kephalḗ), the head  | cephalalgy, hydrocephalus
cerat(o)- | of or pertaining to the cornu; a horn  | Greek κέρας, κερατ- (kéras, kerat-), a horn  | ceratoid
cerebell(o)- | of or pertaining to the cerebellum | Latin cerebellum, little brain  | cerebellum
cerebr(o)- | of or pertaining to the brain | Latin cerebrum, brain  | cerebrology
cervic- | of or pertaining to the neck or the cervix | Latin cervix, cervīc-), neck, cervix  | cervical vertebrae, cervicodorsal
cheil- | of or pertaining to the lips  | Greek χεῖλος (kheîlos), lip, mouth, beak  | angular cheilitis
chem(o)- | chemistry, drug  | Greek χημεία (khēmeía)  | chemical, chemistry, chemotherapy
chir-, cheir- | of or pertaining to the hand  | Greek χείρ, χειρο- (kheír, kheiro-), hand  | chiropractor
chlor- | denoting a green color  | Greek χλωρός (khlōrós), green, yellow-green  | chlorophyll
bil(i)-, chol(e)- | of or pertaining to bile | Greek χολή (kholḗ), bile  | cholaemia (UK) / cholemia (US), cholecystitis
cholecyst(o)- | of or pertaining to the gallbladder | Greek χοληκύστις (kholēkústis), gallbladder < χολή (kholḗ), bile, gall + κύστις (kústis), bladder  | cholecystectomy
chondr(i)o- | cartilage, gristle, granule, granular  | Greek χονδρός (grc)  | chondrocalcinosis
chrom(ato)- | color  | Greek χρῶμα (khrôma)  | hemochromatosis
-cidal, -cide | killing, destroying  | Latin -cīda, cutter, killer  | bacteriocidal, suicide, suicidal
cili- | of or pertaining to the cilia, the eyelashes; eyelids  | Latin cilium, eyelash; eyelid  | ciliary
circum- | denoting something as 'around' another  | Latin circum, around  | circumcision
cis- | on this side  | Latin cis | cisgender
-clast | break  | Greek κλαστός (klastós), broken  | osteoclast
clostr- | spindle  | Greek κλωστήρ (klōstḗr), spindle, thread  | Clostridium
co- | with, together, in association  | Latin co- | coenzymes, co-organization
-coccus, ‑coccal | round, spherical  | Greek κόκκος (kókkos), berry, seed  | Streptococcus
col-, colo-, colono- | colon  | Greek κόλον (kólon)  | colonoscopy
colp- | of or pertaining to the vagina  | Greek κόλπος (kólpos), bosom, womb; hollow, depth  | colposcopy
com- | with, together  | Latin cum | communicate
contra- | against  | Latin contrā | contraindication
cor- | with, together  | Latin cor- | corrective
cor- | of or pertaining to the eye's pupil  | Greek κόρη (kórē), girl, doll; pupil of the eye  | corectomy
cord(i)- | of or pertaining to the heart (uncommon as a prefix)  | Latin cor, heart  | commotio cordis,
cornu- | applied to describing processes and parts of the body as likened or similar to horns  | Latin cornū, horn  | greater cornu
coron- | pertaining to the heart | Latin corōna | coronary heart disease
cortic- | cortex, outer region  | Latin cortex, bark of a tree  | corticosteroid
cost- | of or pertaining to the ribs  | Latin costa, rib  | costochondral
cox- | of or relating to the hip, haunch, or hip-joint  | Latin coxa, hip  | coxopodite
crani(o)- | belonging or relating to the cranium  | Latin cranium, from Greek κρᾱνίον (krāníon), cranium, skull, bones enclosing the brain  | craniology
-crine, crin(o)- | to secrete  | Greek κρίνω (krínō), separate, divide, discern  | endocrine
cry(o)- | cold  | Greek κρύος (krúos), cold, frost  | cryoablation, cryogenic
cutane- | skin  | Latin cutis | subcutaneous
cyan(o)- | having a blue color  | Greek κύανος, κυάνεος (kúanos, kuáneos, blue, of the color blue)  | cyanopsia, cyanosis
cycl- | circle, cycle  | Greek κύκλος (kúklos)  | cyclosis, cyclops, tricycle
cyph(o)- | denotes something as bent (uncommon as a prefix)  | Greek κυφός (kuphós), bent, hunchback  | cyphosis
cyst(o)-, cyst(i)- | of or pertaining to the urinary bladder | Greek κύστις (kústis), bladder, cyst  | cystotomy
cyt(o)-, -cyte | cell | Greek κύτος (kútos), a hollow, vessel  | cytokine, leukocyte, cytoplasm

### D

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

dacry(o)- | of or pertaining to tears | Greek δάκρυ, tear  | dacryoadenitis, dacryocystitis
-dactyl(o)- | of or pertaining to a finger, toe  | Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos), finger, toe  | dactylology, polydactyly
de- | from, down, or away from  | Latin de- | dehydrate, demonetize, demotion
dent- | of or pertaining to teeth  | Latin dens, dentis, tooth  | dentifrice, dentist, dentition, dental
dermat(o)-, derm(o)- | of or pertaining to the skin  | Greek δέρμα, δέρματος (dérma, dérmatos), skin, human skin  | dermatology, epidermis, hypodermic, xeroderma
-desis | binding  | Greek δέσις (désis)  | arthrodesis
dextr(o)- | right, on the right side  | Latin dexter | dextrocardia
di- | two  | Greek δι- | diplopia,
di- | apart, separation  | Latin dis- | dilation, distal, dilute
dia- | through, during, across  | Greek διά (diá), through, during, across  | dialysis
dif- | apart, separation  | Latin dif- | different
digit- | of or pertaining to the finger [rare as a root] | Latin digitus, finger, toe  | digit
diplo- | twofold  | Greek διπλόος (diplóos)  | diploid, diplosis
-dipsia | (condition of) thirst  | Greek δίψα (dípsa)  | dipsomania, hydroadipsia, oligodipsia, polydipsia
dis- | separation, taking apart  | Latin dis- | dissection
dors(o)-, dors(i)- | of or pertaining to the back  | Latin dorsum, back  | dorsal, dorsocephalad
dromo- | running, conduction, course  | Greek δρόμος (drómos)  | dromotropic, syndrome
duodeno- | twelve  | Latin duodeni | duodenal atresia, duodenum
dura- | hard  | Latin durus | dura mater
dynam(o)- | force, energy, power  | Greek δύναμις (dúnamis)  | hand strength dynamometer, dynamics
-dynia | pain  | Greek ὀδύνη (odúnē)  | vulvodynia
dys- | bad, difficult, defective, abnormal  | Greek δυσ- (dus-)  | dysentery, dysphagia, dysphasia

### E

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

-eal (see -al)  | pertaining to  | English -al, from Latin -ālis | adenohypophyseal, corneal, esophageal, perineal
ec- | out, away  | Greek ἐκ (ek), out of, from  | ectopia, ectopic pregnancy
ect(o)- | outer, outside  | Greek ἐκτός (ektós)  | ectoblast, ectoderm, ectoplasm
-ectasia, -ectasis | expansion, dilation  | Greek ἔκτασις (éktasis)  | bronchiectasis, telangiectasia
-ectomy | denotes a surgical operation or removal of a body part; resection, excision  | Greek ἐκτομή (ektomḗ), excision  | mastectomy
-emesis | vomiting condition  | Greek ἕμεσις (hémesis)  | hematemesis
-emia | blood condition (Am. Engl.)  | Greek αἷμα (haîma), "blood"  | anemia
encephal(o)- | of or pertaining to the brain; see also cerebro- | Greek ἐγκέφαλος (enképhalos), the brain  | encephalogram
endo- | denotes something as inside or within  | Greek ἔνδον (éndon), inside, internal  | endocrinology, endospore, endoskeleton
eosin(o)- | having a red color  | Greek ἠώς (ēṓs), dawn, daybreak, morning red, goddess of the dawn (Ἠώς, Ēṓs)  | eosinophil granulocyte
enter(o)- | of or pertaining to the intestine  | Greek ἔντερον (énteron), intestine  | gastroenterology
epi- | on, upon  | Greek ἐπι- (epi-), before, upon, on, outside, outside of  | epicardium, epidermis, epidural, episclera, epistaxis, epidemic
episi(o)- | of or pertaining to the pubic region, the loins  | Greek ἐπίσιον (epísion), the pubic area, loins; vulva  | episiotomy
erythr(o)- | having a red color  | Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), red  | erythrocyte
-esophageal, -esophago- | gullet (AmE)  | Greek οἰσοφάγος (oisophágos)  | esophagus
esthesio- | sensation (AmE)  | Greek αἴσθησις (aísthēsis), to perceive  | esthesioneuroblastoma, esthesia
eu- | true, good, well, normal  | εὖ (eû)  | eukaryote, euglycemia
ex- | out of, away from, to remove  | Latin ex- | excision, exsanguination
exo- | denotes something as "outside" another  | Greek ἔξω (éxō), outside of, external  | exophthalmos, exoskeleton, exoplanet
extra- | outside  | Latin extra, outside of, beyond  | extradural hematoma extraordinary, extreme

### F

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

faci- | of or pertaining to the face  | Latin faciēs, the face, countenance  | facioplegic, facial
fibr- | fiber  | Latin fibra, fiber, filament, entrails[2] | fibril, fibrin, fibrinous pericarditis, fibroblast, fibrosis
fil- | fine, hair-like  | Latin fīlum, thread  | filament, filum terminale
foramen | hole, opening, or aperture, particularly in bone  | Latin forāmen | foramen magnum
-form | used to form adjectives indicating "having the form of"  | Latin fōrma, form, shape  | cruciform, cuneiform, falciform
fore- | before or ahead  | Old English fōr(e)-, before, in front of  | foregut, foreshadow
fossa | a hollow or depressed area; a trench or channel  | Latin fossa, ditch, pit  | fossa ovalis
front- | of or pertaining to the forehead  | Latin frōns, front-, the forehead  | frontonasal

### G

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

galact- | milk  | Greek γάλα, γαλακτ- (gála, galakt-)  | galactorrhea, galaxy
gastr- | of or pertaining to the stomach  | Greek γαστήρ, γαστρ- (gastḗr, gastr-), stomach, belly  | gastroenterology, gastropod
-gen | *born in, from

* of a certain kind

| Greek -γενής (-genḗs), from γεν-νάειν (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), to be born  | *endogen

* heterogenous

-genic | formative; pertaining to producing  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | cardiogenic shock
genu- | of or pertaining to the knee  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., knee  | genu valgum
-geusia | taste  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | ageusia, dysgeusia, hypergeusia, hypogeusia, parageusia
gingiv- | of or pertaining to the gums | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., gum  | gingivitis
glauc(o)- | Having a grey or bluish-grey colour  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), grey, bluish-grey  | glaucoma
gloss(o)-, glott(o)- | of or pertaining to the tongue | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), tongue  | glossology
gluco- | sweet  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), sweet  | glucocorticoid, glucose
glyc- | sugar | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), sweet  | glycolysis
gnath- | of or pertaining to the jaw  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), jaw  | gnathodynamometer
-gnosis | knowledge  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), inquiry, knowledge  | diagnosis, prognosis
gon- | seed, semen; reproductive  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), fruit, seed, procreating  | gonorrhea
-gram, -gramme | record or picture  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), picture, letter, writing  | angiogram, gramophone
-graph | instrument used to record data or picture  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), written, drawn, graphic interpretation  | electrocardiograph, seismograph
-graphy | process of recording  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), written, drawn, graphic interpretation  | angiography
gyno-, gynaeco- (BrE), gyneco- (AmE)  | woman  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | gynaecology, gynecomastia, gynoecium

### H

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

halluc- | to wander in mind  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., to wander in mind  | hallucinosis, hallucination
hem(at)-, haem(ato)- | of or pertaining to blood | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". , from Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), blood  | hematology, older form haematology
hema-, hemo- | blood (AmE)  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), blood  | hemal, hemoglobin
hemangi(o)- | blood vessels  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), blood, + Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), vessel, urn  | hemangioma
hemi- | one-half  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), half  | cerebral hemisphere
hepat-, hepatic- | of or pertaining to the liver  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), the liver  | hepatology, hepatitis
heter(o)- | denotes something as "the other" (of two), as an addition, or different  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), the other (of two), another; different  | heterogeneous
hidr(o)- | sweat  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), sweat, perspiration  | hyperhidrosis
hist(o)-, histio- | tissue  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), web, tissue  | histology
home(o)- | similar  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), like, resembling, similar  | homeopathy
hom(o)- | denotes something as "the same" as another or common  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), the same, common  | homosexuality, homozygote, homophobic
humer(o)- | of or pertaining to the shoulder (or [rarely] the upper arm)  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., shoulder  | humerus
hydr(o)- | water  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), water  | hydrophobe, hydrogen
hyper- | extreme or beyond normal  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), over, above; beyond, to the extreme  | hypertension, hypertrichosis
hyp(o)- | below normal  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), below, under  | hypovolemia, hypoxia
hyster(o)- | of or pertaining to the womb or the uterus | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), womb  | hysterectomy, hysteria

### I

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

-iasis | condition, formation, or presence of  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., pathological condition or process; from Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), cure, repair, mend  | mydriasis
iatr(o)- | of or pertaining to medicine or a physician (uncommon as a prefix but common as a suffix; see -iatry)  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), healer, physician  | iatrochemistry, iatrogenesis
-iatry | denotes a field in medicine emphasizing a certain body component  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), healer, physician  | podiatry, psychiatry
-ic | pertaining to  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | hepatic artery
-ics | organized knowledge, treatment  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., collection of related things, theme; cognate with Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), of, pertaining to  | obstetrics
idio- | self, one's own  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), one's own  | idiopathic
ileo- | ileum | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), to shut in, intestinal obstruction  | ileocecal valve
infra- | below  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., below  | infrahyoid muscles
inter- | between, among  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | interarticular ligament
intra- | within  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | intramural
ipsi- | same  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | ipsilateral
irid(o)- | of or pertaining to the iris  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., rainbow; from Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), rainbow  | iridectomy
isch- | restriction  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), hold back, restrain  | ischemia
ischio- | of or pertaining to the ischium, the hip-joint  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), hip-joint, ischium  | ischioanal fossa
-ine | of or pertaining to  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., of or pertaining to; cognate with Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., added to form adjectives relating to material, time, and so on  | morphine, masculine/​feminine
-ism | condition, disease  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), suffix forming abstract nouns of state, condition, doctrine  | dwarfism
-ismus | spasm, contraction  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | hemiballismus
iso- | denoting something as being equal  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), equal  | isotonic
-ist | one who specializes in  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), agent noun, one who practices  | pathologist
-ite | the nature of, resembling  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., those belonging to, from Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | dendrite
-itis | inflammation | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".) fem. form of Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), pertaining to, because it was used with the feminine noun Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., disease), thus Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., disease of the, disease pertaining to  | tonsillitis
-ium | structure, tissue  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., aggregation or mass of (such as tissue)  | pericardium

### J–K

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

juxta- | near to, alongside, or next to  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | juxtaglomerular apparatus
kal- | potassium | New Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., potassium  | hyperkalemia
kary-[3] | nucleus  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), nut  | eukaryote
kerat-[4] | cornea (eye or skin)  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), horn  | keratoscope
kine-[5] | movement  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), to move, to change  | akinetopsia, kinesthesia
koil-[6] | hollow  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | koilocyte
kyph-[7] | humped  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), bent forward, stooping, hunchbacked  | kyphoscoliosis

### L

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

labi- | of or pertaining to the lip | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., lip  | labiodental
lacrim(o)- | tear | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., tear from crying  | Lacrimal canaliculi
lact(i)-, lact(o) | milk  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., milk  | lactation, lactose
lapar(o)- | of or pertaining to the abdominal wall, flank  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), flank  | laparotomy
laryng(o)- | of or pertaining to the larynx, the lower throat cavity where the voice box is  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), throat, gullet  | larynx
latero- | lateral  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., lateral, of or belonging to the side  | lateral pectoral nerve
lei(o)- | smooth  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), smooth  | leiomyoma
-lepsis, -lepsy | attack, seizure | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), seizure  | epilepsy, narcolepsy
lept(o)- | light, slender  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), thin, lean  | leptomeningeal
leuc(o)-, leuk(o)- | denoting a white color  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), white, bright, pale  | leukocyte
lingu(a)-, lingu(o)- | of or pertaining to the tongue  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., tongue, speech, language  | linguistics
lip(o)- | fat  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), fat, lard  | liposuction
liss(os)- | smooth  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), smooth  | lissencephaly
lith(o)- | stone, calculus | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | lithotripsy
log(o)- | speech  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | dialog, catalog, logos
-logist | denotes someone who studies a certain field (the field of _____-logy); a specialist; one who treats  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), studier, practitioner (lit., accountant)  | oncologist, pathologist
-logy | denotes the academic study or practice of a certain field; the study of  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".) base noun for the study of something  | hematology, urology
lumb(o)-, lumb(a)- | of or relating to the part of the trunk between the lowest ribs and the pelvis.  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". or Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., loin  | lumbar vertebrae
lymph(o)- | lymph | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., water  | lymphedema
lys(o)-, -lytic | dissolution | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), loosen, release, + -ic  | lysosome
-lysis | destruction, separation  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), loosen, release  | paralysis

### M

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

macr(o)- | large, long  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), long, tall  | macrophage
-malacia | softening  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), soft, weak, self-indulgent  | osteomalacia
mamm(o)- | of or pertaining to the breast  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., breast, udder  | mammogram
mammill(o)- | of or pertaining to the nipple | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., nipple  | mammillaplasty, mammillitis
manu- | of or pertaining to the hand  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., hand  | manufacture
mast(o)- | of or pertaining to the breast  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), breast, woman's breast, man's pectoral muscle  | mastectomy
meg(a)-, megal(o)-, -megaly | enlargement, million  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), big, large, great, mighty  | splenomegaly, megameter
melan(o)- | having a black color  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), black, dark  | melanin
melos | extremity  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), part of a body, limb, member  | erythromelalgia
mening(o)- | membrane | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | meninges, meningitis
men- | month, menstrual cycle | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), month  | menopause, menorrhagia
mer(o)- | part  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), part, component, region  | merocrine, meroblastic
mes- | middle  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), middle, between, half  | mesoderm, mesothelium
met, meta- | after, beside, beyond or change  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), with, among, along with, in common with  | metacarpal, metacarpus, metacromion, metanephros, metatheria
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". -meter | instrument used to measure or count  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), measure or property, something used to measure  | sphygmomanometer, thermometer
-metry | process of measuring, -meter \+ -y (see -meter)  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | optometry
metr- | pertaining to conditions or instruments of the uterus | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), womb, uterus  | metrorrhagia
micr- | millionth; denoting something as small, relating to smallness  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), small  | microscope
milli- | thousandth  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., thousand  | milliliter
mon- | single  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | infectious mononucleosis
morph- | form, shape  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | morphology
muscul(o)- | muscle | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., muscle (lit. mouse-like, due to mouse-shaped appearance of some muscles; loanword from Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), mouse, + Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., diminutive suffix)  | musculoskeletal system
my(o)- | of or relating to muscle | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), muscle, mouse, mussel  | myoblast
myc(o)- | fungus | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), mushroom or fungus  | onychomycosis
myel(o)- | of or relating to bone marrow or the spinal cord | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), marrow, bone-marrow  | myelin sheath, myeloblast
myl(o)- | of or relating to molar teeth or the lower jaw  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., mill, grind, molars  | mylohyoid nerve
myri- | ten thousand  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), innumerable, countless, infinite  | myriad
myring(o)- | eardrum | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., eardrum  | myringotomy
myx(o)- | mucus | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), mucus, nasal discharge  | myxoma

### N

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

nan(o)- | dwarf, small  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), dwarf  | nanogram, nanosecond
narc(o)- | numb, sleep | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), numbess, torpor  | narcolepsy
nas(o)- | of or pertaining to the nose | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., nose  | nasal
nat(o)- | birth  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., born, arisen, made  | neonatology
necr(o)- | death  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), dead body, corpse, dying person  | necrosis, necrotizing fasciitis
neo- | new  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), young, youthful, new, fresh  | neoplasm
nephr(o)- | of or pertaining to the kidney  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), kidney  | nephrology
nerv- | of or pertaining to nerves and the nervous system (uncommon as a root: neuro- mostly always used)  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., tendon, nerve; cognate with Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), tendon, string, nerve  | nerve, nervous system
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". neur- | of or pertaining to nerves and the nervous system | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), tendon, sinew, nerve  | neurofibromatosis
noci- | pain, injury, hurt  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | nociception
norm-, normo- | normal  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., norm or standard; lit. carpenter's square  | normocapnia

### O

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

ocul- | of or pertaining to the eye  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., the eye  | Oculist
odont- | of or pertaining to teeth  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), tooth  | orthodontist
odyn- | pain  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | stomatodynia
-oesophageal, oesophago- (BrE)  | gullet  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | oesophagus
-oid | resemblance to  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), like, connected to, pertaining to  | Sarcoidosis
ole | small or little  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., suffix to form a diminutive of the noun  | arteriole
olig- | having little, having few  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), few  | oligotrophy
om(o)- | shoulder  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), shoulder  | omoplate
-oma (singular), -omata (plural)  | tumor, mass, fluid collection  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), suffix added to verbs to form nouns indicating the result of a process or action; cf. English -tion  | sarcoma, teratoma, mesothelioma
omphal(o)- | of or pertaining to the navel, the umbilicus  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), navel, belly-button  | omphalotomy
onco- | tumor, bulk, volume  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | oncology
-one |  |  | hormone
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". onych(o)- | of or pertaining to the nail (of a finger or toe)  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), nail; claw; talon  | onychophagy
oo- | of or pertaining to an (egg), a woman's egg, the ovum  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), egg, ovum  | oogenesis
oophor(o)- | of or pertaining to the woman's (ovary)  | Neoclassical Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), ovary, egg-bearing  | oophorectomy
ophthalm(o)- | of or pertaining to the (eye)  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), the eye  | ophthalmology
opistho- | back, behind, rear[8] | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), behind, at the back  | opisthotonus
-opsy | examination or inspection  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), view  | biopsy, autopsy
optic(o)- | of or relating to chemical properties of the eye | Middle French Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".; from Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".); cognate with Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., relating to the eye  | opticochemical, biopsy
or(o)- | of or pertaining to the mouth  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., mouth  | oral
-or | one who, agent noun–forming suffix  | generally appended where Latin would do it—to the root of a Latin-type perfect passive participle. Cf. -er  | doctor
orchi(o)-, orchid(o)-, orch(o)- | testis  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), testicle, ovary  | orchiectomy, orchidectomy
orth(o)- | denoting something as straight or correct  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), straight, correct, normal  | orthodontist
-osis | a condition, disease, process or increase  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), state, abnormal condition, action  | Harlequin type ichthyosis, psychosis, osteoporosis, phagocytosis
ossi-, osse- | bone, bony  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., bone  | peripheral ossifying fibroma, osseous
ost(e)-, oste(o)- | bone  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), bone  | osteoporosis, osteoarthritis
ot(o)- | of or pertaining to the ear | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), the ear  | otology
-ous | pertaining to  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., full of, prone to  | porous
ovari(o)- | of or pertaining to the ovaries  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., ovary | ovariectomy
ovo-, ovi-, ov- | of or pertaining to the eggs, the ovum  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., egg, ovum  | ovogenesis
oxo-, ox/i | addition of oxygen |  |
oxy- | sharp, acid, acute; oxygen | borrowed from French Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (originally Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., 'acidifying principle', referring to oxygen's role in the formation of acids, from Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), sharp, pointed + Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), birth)  | oxytocin, oxygenated, oxycodone

### P

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

pachy- | thick  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), thick, large, stout  | pachyderma, pachyderm
-pagus | Indicates conjoined twins, with the first part denoting the organs fused  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), fixed, set, fastened  | xiphopagus, parapagus dicephalus, craniopagus parasiticus
palpebr- | of or pertaining to the eyelid (uncommon as a root)  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., eyelid  | palpebra
pan-, pant(o)- | denoting something as 'complete' or containing 'everything'; "all"  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), all, every  | panophobia, panopticon, pancytopenia (deficiency in all blood cell types - erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes)[9]
papill- | of or pertaining to the nipple (of the chest/breast)  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., nipple; diminutive of papula (see below)  | papillitis
papul(o)- | Indicates papulosity, a small elevation or swelling in the skin, a pimple, swelling  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., pimple, pustle; a small elevation or swelling in the skin  | papulation
para- | alongside of  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | paracyesis
-paresis | slight paralysis | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | hemiparesis
parvo- | small  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., small, little, unimportant  | Parvovirus
path(o)- | disease  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), pain, suffering, condition  | Pathology
-pathy | denotes (with a negative sense) a disease, or disorder  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), suffering, accident  | sociopathy, neuropathy
pauci- | Few  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | Pauci-immune
pector- | breast or chest  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | pectoralgia, pectoriloquy, pectorophony
ped-, -ped-, -pes  | of or pertaining to the foot; -footed  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., foot  | Pedoscope
ped-, pedo- | of or pertaining to the child  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), child  | pediatrics. pedophilia
pelv(i)-, pelv(o)- | hip bone  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., basin  | Pelvis
-penia | deficiency  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., poverty, indigence  | osteopenia
peo- | of or pertaining to the penis  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | Peotomy
-pepsia | denotes something relating to digestion, or the digestive tract.  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), cooked, digested < Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), I boil, cook; digest  | dyspepsia
per- | through  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., through, by means of  | percutaneous
peri- | denoting something with a position 'surrounding' or 'around' another  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), around, about, concerning  | periodontal
-pexy | fixation  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), fixing in place, fastening  | nephropexy
phaco- | lens-shaped  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), lentil-bean  | phacolysis, phacometer, phacoscotoma
-phagia, -phage | Forms terms denoting conditions relating to eating or ingestion  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".) eating < Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), to eat  | Sarcophagia
-phago- | eating, devouring  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), eater of, eating  | phagocyte
phagist- | Forms nouns that denote a person who 'feeds on' the first element or part of the word  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".) eater; see -phagia | Lotophagi
-phagy | Forms nouns that denotes 'feeding on' the first element or part of the word  | Greek φαγία (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".) eating; see -phagia | hematophagy
phall- | phallus  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), penis  | Aphallia
pharmac- | drug, medication  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), witchcraft, drug  | pharmacology
pharyng- | of or pertaining to the pharynx, the upper throat cavity  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), throat, windpipe; chasm  | pharyngitis, pharyngoscopy
-phil(ia) | attraction for  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), friendship, love, affection  | hemophilia
phleb- | of or pertaining to the (blood) veins, a vein  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), blood-vessel, vein  | phlebography, phlebotomy
-phobia | exaggerated fear, sensitivity, aversion  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), terror, fear, flight, panic  | arachnophobia
phon- | sound  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | phonograph, symphony
phos- | of or pertaining to light or its chemical properties, now historic and used rarely. See the common root phot- below.  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., φωτ- (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), light  | phosphene
phot- | of or pertaining to light  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), < Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), light  | photopathy
phren-, phrenic- | the mind  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), intellect, wits, mind  | phrenic nerve, schizophrenia
phyllo- | leaf-like  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), leaf, foliage, plant  | phyllodes tumour, phyllotaxis
-phyte, phyto- | to grow  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), plant, tree  | hydrophyte
pia | soft  | Medieval Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., tender mother, from Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., pious, dutiful, good  | pia mater
piri- | Pear  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., cognate with Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), pear  | Piriformis muscle
-plasia | formation, development  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), moulding, conformation  | Achondroplasia
-plasty | surgical repair, reconstruction  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), molded, formed  | rhinoplasty
-plegia | paralysis  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), stroke (from a sword), from Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), to strike or smite  | paraplegia
pleio- | more, excessive, multiple  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), more  | pleiomorphism
pleur- | of or pertaining to the ribs  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), rib, side of the body  | Pleurogenous
-plexy | stroke or seizure  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), to strike or smite  | Cataplexy
pne-, pneum- | air, breath, lung  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | apnea, pneumatology, pneumonocyte, pneumonia
pod-, -pod-, -pus  | of or pertaining to the foot, -footed  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), foot  | podiatry
-poiesis | production  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), poetry, poem, creation  | hematopoiesis
polio- | having a grey color  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), grey, grizzled  | poliomyelitis
poly- | denotes a 'plurality' of something  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), many, a lot of, large, great  | polymyositis
por- | pore, porous  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), passage, passageway  | pore
porphyr- | denotes a purple color  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), Tyrian purple, royal purple  | porphyroblast
post- | denotes something as 'after (time)' or 'behind (space)' another  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., after, behind  | postoperation, postmortem
pre- | denotes something as 'before' another (in [physical] position or time)  | Middle English Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., from Medieval Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". < (Classical) Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., before, in front of  | premature birth
presby- | old age  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), old man, elder  | presbyopia, presbycusis[10]
prim- | denotes something as 'first' or 'most-important'  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., first, most important  | primary
pro- | denotes something as 'before' another (in [physical] position or time)  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), before, in front of  | procephalic
proct- | anus, rectum | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), anus  | proctology
prosop- | face | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), face, visage, mask  | prosopagnosia
prot- | denotes something as 'first' or 'most important'  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), first; principal, most important  | protoneuron
pseud- | denotes something false or fake  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), to lie or deceive  | pseudoephedrine
psor- | Itching  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), itch, mange, scurvy  | psoriasis
psych- | of or pertaining to the mind  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), breath, life, soul  | psychology, psychiatry
ptero-, ptery- | Pertaining to a wing; 'pterygo-', wing-shaped  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), wing, feather  | lateral pterygoid plate
-ptosis | falling, drooping, downward placement, prolapse  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), falling  | apoptosis, nephroptosis
-ptyal-, ptyalo | saliva, salivary glands, sialaden  |  | ptyalolithiasis
-ptysis | spitting  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), to spit up, disgorge; + Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process  | hemoptysis, the spitting of blood derived from the lungs or bronchial tubes
pulmon-, pulmo- | of or relating to the lungs  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., a lung  | pulmonary
py- | pus | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | pyometra
pyel- | pelvis | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), pelvis, wash basin  | pyelonephritis
pykno- | to thicken (as the nucleus does in early stages of cell death)  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), thickening  | pyknosis
pylor- | gate  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), gate keeper; lower orifice of the stomach  | pyloric sphincter
pyr- | fever | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), fire, heat, fever  | antipyretic

### Q–R

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

quadr(i)- | four  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | quadriceps
radi- | radiation  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., I radiate, emit beams; from Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., ray of light, spoke of a wheel  | radiowave
radic- | referring to the beginning, or the root, of a structure, usually a nerve or a vein  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., root  | radiculopathy
re- | again, back  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | relapse
rect- | rectum | abbr. of New Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". ('straight intestine') < Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., straight  | rectal, rectum, rectus femoris
ren(o) | of or pertaining to the kidney  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., kidney  | renal
reticul(o)- | net  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | reticulocyte
retro- | backward, behind  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | retroversion, retroverted
rhabd(o)- | rod shaped, striated  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), wand, stick, stripe  | rhabdomyolysis
rhachi(o)- | spine | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), spine or backbone  | rachial, rachialgia, rachidian, rachiopathy
rhin(o)- | of or pertaining to the nose  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), nose  | rhinoceros, rhinoplasty
rhod(o)- | denoting a rose-red color  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), rose  | rhodophyte
-rrhage, -rrhagia | burst forth, rapid flow (of blood, usually)  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), to break, to burst  | hemorrhage, menorrhagia
-rrhaphy | surgical suturing  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | hymenorrhaphy, neurorrhaphy
-rrhea (AmE)  | flowing, discharge  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), flow, flux  | galactorrhea, diarrhea
-rrhexis | rupture  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), breaking, bursting, discharge  | karyorrhexis
-rrhoea (BrE)  | flowing, discharge  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), flow, flux  | diarrhoea
rubr(o)- | of or pertaining to the red nucleus of the brain  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., red  | rubrospinal
-rupt | break or burst  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | erupt, interrupt

### S

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

salping(o)- | of or pertaining to tubes, e.g. fallopian tubes  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), trumpet  | salpingectomy, salpingopharyngeus muscle
sangui-, sanguine- | of or pertaining to blood  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., blood  | sanguine
sapro- | relating to putrefaction or decay  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), rotten, putrid  | saprogenic
sarco- | muscular, flesh-like  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), flesh  | sarcoma, sarcoidosis
scapul(o)- | of or pertaining to the scapula | Latin (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), shoulder  | scapulothoracic, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
schist(o)- | split, cleft  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), cloven, divided  | schistocyte
schiz(o)- | denoting something "split" or "double-sided"  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), I split, cleave, part; irregular formation of the verb Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), to cut, split  | schizophrenia
scler(o)- | hard  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | scleroderma
-sclerosis | hardening  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), hard, harden; + Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process  | atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis
scoli(o)- | twisted  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), curved, bent  | scoliosis
-scope | instrument for viewing  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), watcher  | stethoscope
-scopy | process of viewing  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), to look at, behold, examine  | endoscopy
scoto- | darkness  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | scotopic vision
semi- | one-half, partly  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | semiconscious
sial(o)- | saliva, salivary gland  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., saliva.  | sialagogue
sigmoid(o)- | sigmoid, S-shaped curvature  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), crescent-shaped, lunate sigma-shaped  | sigmoid colon
sinistr(o)- | left, left side  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | sinistrocardia
sinus- | of or pertaining to the sinus  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., a curve, bend, hollow cavity, bosom  | sinusitis
sito- | food, grain  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | sitophobia
somat(o)-, somatico- | body, bodily  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | somatic
somn(o) | Sleep  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., sleep, drowsiness  | insomniac[11]
-spadias | slit, fissure  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), break, split  | hypospadias, epispadias
spasmo- | spasm  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | Spasmodic dysphonia
sperma-, spermo-, spermato- | semen, spermatozoa  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), seed, semen  | spermatogenesis
splanchn(i)-, splanchn(o)- | viscera  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), bowels, guts  | splanchnology
splen(o)- | spleen | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), spleen, milt  | splenectomy
spondyl(o)- | of or pertaining to the spine, the vertebra | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". / Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), the spine  | spondylitis
squamos(o)- | denoting something as "full of scales" or "scaly"  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., full of scales, scaly  | squamous cell
-stalsis | contraction  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), I dispatch, place, set  | peristalsis
-stasis | stopping, standing  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), to stand, place, set  | cytostasis, homeostasis
-statin | maintain cholesterol  | Latin (stare), to remain or instill  | Statin
-staxis | dripping, trickling  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), drip, leak, trickle  | epistaxis
sten(o)- | denoting something as narrow in shape or pertaining to narrowness  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), narrow, short  | stenography
-stenosis | abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel or other tubular organ or structure  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), narrow, short; + Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), added to verb stems to form abstract nouns or nouns of action, result or process  | restenosis, stenosis
steth- | of or pertaining to the upper chest, the area above the breast and under the neck  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), chest, cuirass | stethoscope
stheno- | strength, force, power  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  |
stom-, stomat- | of or pertaining to the mouth; an artificially created opening[12] | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), mouth  | stomatogastric, stomatognathic system
-stomy | creation of an opening  | New Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., opening; from Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | colostomy
sub- | beneath, under  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | subcutaneous tissue
super- | in excess, above, superior  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | superior vena cava
supra- | above, excessive  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | supraorbital vein
sy, syl-, sym-, syn-, sys- | indicates similarity, likeness, or being together; assimilates before some consonants: before l to syl-, s to sys-, before a labial consonant to sym- | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), with, together  | symptom, synalgia, synesthesia, syssarcosis

### T

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

tachy- | denoting something as fast, irregularly fast  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), fast, quickly  | tachycardia, tachypnea
-tension, -tensive | pressure | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., stretching, extension, tension  | hypertension
terato- | Monster  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | teratoma, teratogen
tetan- | rigid, tense  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | tetanus
thec- | case, sheath | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | intrathecal
thel- | of or pertaining to a nipple (uncommon as a prefix)  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), a teat, nipple  | Theleplasty, thelarche
thely- | denoting something as relating to a woman, feminine  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), female, feminine  | Thelygenous
therap- | treatment  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | hydrotherapy, therapeutic
therm(o)- | heat  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | hypothermia, thermoregulation
thorac(i)-, thorac(o)-, thoracico- | of or pertaining to the upper chest, chest; the area above the breast and under the neck  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". < Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), chest, cuirass  | thoracic spine, thorax
thromb(o)- | of or relating to a blood clot, clotting of blood  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), lump, piece, clot of blood  | thrombus, thrombocytopenia
thyr(o)- | thyroid | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), large oblong shield; + Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), a form or shape  |
thym- | emotions  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), spirit, soul; courage; breath, mind, emotions  | dysthymia
-tic | pertaining to  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), adjective-forming suffix denoting: relating to, able to, suited to  |
-tide | bound to, forming a noun from an adjective by dropping -ic and adding -tide.  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), adjective-forming suffix denoting: bound to, relating to, able to, suited to  | Glycopeptide Nucleotide Peptide
toco- | childbirth  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | tocolytic, dystocia
-tome | cutting instrument  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), intersection  | osteotome
-tomy | act of cutting; incising, incision  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | Gastrotomy, Phlebotomy
ton- | tone, tension, pressure  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), rope, cord; tension  | Tonicity, Isotonic saline
-tony | tension  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | Hypotonia
top(o)- | place, topical  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | Topical anesthetic
tort(i)- | twisted  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | Torticollis, Testicular torsion
tox(i)-, tox(o)-, toxic(o)- | toxin, poison  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), bow (archery), bow-related; from Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), poison for smearing arrows with  | Toxoplasmosis, Toxidrome
trache(a)- | trachea  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), windpipe  | Tracheotomy
trachel(o)- | of or pertaining to the neck  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), neck  | Tracheloplasty
trans- | denoting something as moving or situated across or through  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., across, through  | Transfusion
tri- | three  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | Triceps, Trisomy
trich(i)-, trichia, trich(o)- | of or pertaining to hair, hair-like structure  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), hair  | Trichocyst
-tripsy | crushing  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), rubbing, friction  | Lithotripsy
-trophy | nourishment, development  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), food, nourishment  | Pseudohypertrophy
-trop | turned toward, with an orientation toward, having an affinity for, affecting  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), a turn, way, manner, style  | Geotropic, Phototropic
tympan(o)- | eardrum | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), drum, eardrum  | Tympanocentesis, Tensor tympani

### U

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

-ula, -ule | small  | Latin  | Nodule
ultra- | beyond, excessive  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | ultrasound, ultraviolet
umbilic- | of or pertaining to the navel, the umbilicus  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., navel, belly-button  | umbilical
ungui- | of or pertaining to the nail, a claw  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., nail, claw  | unguiform, ungual
un(i)- | one  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | unilateral hearing loss
Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". ur- | of or pertaining to urine, the urinary system  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".); Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), urine  | antidiuretic, diuresis, diuretic, dysuria, enuresis, polyurea, polyuria, uraemia/uremia, uremic, ureter, urethra, urology
urin- | of or pertaining to urine, the urinary system  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., urine < Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), see ur- above.  | uriniferous
uter(o)- | of or pertaining to the uterus or womb  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., womb, uterus  | uterus

### V

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

vagin- | of or pertaining to the vagina | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., sheath, scabbard; vagina  | vaginal epithelium
varic(o)- | swollen or twisted vein | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | varicose, esophageal varices
vas(o)- | duct, blood vessel | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., vessel, dish, vase  | vasoconstriction
vasculo- | blood vessel | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | cardiovascular
ven- | of or pertaining to the veins, venous blood, and the vascular system  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., blood-vessel, vein  | venule, venospasm
ventr(o)- | of or pertaining to the belly, the stomach cavities  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., belly, stomach, womb  | ventrodorsal
ventricul(o)- | of or pertaining to the ventricles; any hollow region inside an organ  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., the ventricles of the heart, the ventricles of the brain  | cardiac ventriculography, atrioventricular node
-version | turning  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | anteversion, retroversion
vesic(o)- | of or pertaining to the bladder | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., bladder, blister  | vesical arteries
viscer(o)- | of or pertaining to the internal organs, the viscera  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (pl. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), internal organ(s)  | viscera

### X–Z

Affix  | Meaning  | Origin language and etymology  | Example(s)

|
|
|

xanth(o)- | having a yellow color, especially an abnormally yellow color  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), yellow  | xanthopathy

xanthelasma

xen(o)- | foreign, different  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), foreign, stranger  | xenograft
xer(o)- | dry, desert-like  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), dry  | xerostomia, xeroderma
xiph- | sword  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), sword  | xiphisternum, xiphoid, xiphoidalgia
-y | condition or process of  | Latin Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., from Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), suffixes used to form abstract nouns  | surgery
ze- | boil  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), to boil, seethe, bubble  | eczema
zo(o)- | animal, animal life  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".)  | zoology
zym(o)- | fermentation  | Greek Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".), leaven, yeast  | enzyme, lysozyme

## English meanings

This section contains lists of different root classification (e.g. body components, quantity, description, etc.). Each list is alphabetized by English meanings, with the corresponding Greek and Latin roots given.

### Roots of the body

#### Roots of bodily concepts

Bodily concept  | Greek root in English  | Latin root in English  | Other root in English

|
|
|

digestion | -pepsia | – | –
disease | -pathy | – | –
eating | -phagia | -vory | –

#### Body parts and substances

Body part or component  | Greek root in English  | Latin root in English  | Other root in English

|
|
|

abdomen | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | abdomin-  | –
aorta | aort-  | –  | –
arm | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | arm-  | –
armpit | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | axill-  | –
artery | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | –  | –
back | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | dors-  | –
big toe | –  | allic-, hallic-  | –
bladder | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | vesic-  | –
blood | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". (Br. English)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".;
hem(at)- (Am. English)Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | sangui-, sanguin-  | –
blood clot | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | –  | –
blood vessel | angi-  | vas-, vascul-  | –
body | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., somat-  | corpor-  | –
bone | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | ossi-  | –
bone marrow, marrow | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | medull-  | –
brain | encephal-  | cerebr-  | –
breast | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | mamm-  | –
chest | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | pector-  | –
cheek | parei-  | bucc-  | –
ear | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | aur(i)-  | –
eggs, ova | oo-  | ov-  | –
eye | ophthalm(o)-  | ocul(o)-  | optic(o)- (French)
eyelid | blephar(o)-  | cili-, palpebr-  | –
face | prosop(o)-  | faci(o)-  | –
fallopian tubes | salping(o)-  | –  | –
fat, fatty tissue | lip(o)-  | adip-  | –
finger | dactyl(o)-  | digit-  | –
forehead | –  | front(o)-  | –
gallbladder | cholecyst(o)-  | fell-  | –
genitals, sexually undifferentiated  | gon(o)-, phall(o)-  | –  | –
gland | aden(o)-  | –  | –
glans penis or clitoridis | balan(o)-  | –  | –
gums | –  | gingiv-  | –
hair | trich(o)-  | capill-  | –
hands | cheir(o)-, chir(o)-  | manu-  | –
head | cephal(o)-  | capit(o)-  | –
heart | cardi(o)-  | cordi-  | –
hip, hip-joint | –  | cox-  | –
horn | cerat(o)-  | cornu-  | –
intestine | enter(o)-  | –  | –
jaw | gnath(o)-  | –  | –
kidney | nephr(o)-  | ren-  | –
knee | gon-  | genu-  | –
lip | cheil(o)-, chil(o)-  | labi(o)-  | –
liver | hepat(o)-  | jecor-  | –
loins, pubic region | episi(o)-  | pudend-  | –
lungs | pneumon-  | pulmon(i)-, (pulmo-)  | –
marrow, bone marrow | myel(o)-  | medull-  | –
mind | psych-  | ment-  | –
mouth | stomat(o)-  | or-  | –
muscle | my(o)-  | –  | –
nail | onych(o)-  | ungui-  | –
navel | omphal(o)-  | umbilic-  | –
neck | trachel(o)-  | cervic-  | –
nerve; the nervous system | neur(o)-  | nerv-  | –
nipple, teat | thele-  | papill-, mammill-  | –
nose | rhin(o)-  | nas-  | –
ovary | oophor(o)-  | ovari(o)-  | –
pelvis | pyel(o)-  | pelv(i)-  | –
penis | pe(o)-  | –  | –
pupil (of the eye) | cor-, core-, coro-  | –  | –
rib | pleur(o)-  | cost(o)-  | –
rib cage | thorac(i)-, thorac(o)-  | –  | –
shoulder | om(o)-  | (o)-  | –
sinus | –  | sinus-  | –
skin | derm-, dermat(o)-  | cut-, cuticul-  | –
skull | crani(o)-  | –  | –
stomach | gastr(o)-  | ventr(o)-  | –
testis | orchi(o)-, orchid(o)-  | –  | –
throat (upper throat cavity)  | pharyng(o)-  | –  | –
throat (lower throat cavity/voice box)  | laryng(o)-  | –  | –
thumb | –  | pollic-  | –
tooth | odont(o)-  | dent(i)-  | –
tongue | gloss-, glott-  | lingu(a)-  | –
toe | dactyl(o)-  | digit-  | –
tumour | cel-, onc(o)-  | tum-  | –
ureter | ureter(o)-  | ureter(o)-  | –
urethra | urethr(o)-, urethr(a)-  | urethr(o)-, urethr(a)-  | –
urine, urinary system | ur(o)-  | urin(o)-  | –
uterine tubes | salping(o)-  | salping(o)-  | –
uterus | hyster(o)-, metr(o)-  | uter(o)-  | –
vagina | colp(o)-  | vagin-  | –
vein | phleb(o)-  | ven-  | –
vulva | episi(o)-  | vulv-  | –
womb | hyster(o)-, metr(o)-  | uter(o)-  | –
wrist | carp(o)-  | carp(o)-  | –

### Roots of color

Color  | Greek root in English  | Latin root in English  | Other root in English

|
|
|

black | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | atr-, nigr-  | –
blue | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | cerule-  | –
gold | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | aur-  | –
gray, grey | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | can-  | –
green | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | vir-  | –
purple | porphyr-  | purpur-, purpureo-  | –
red | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24"., rhod-  | rub-, rubr-, ruf-  | –
red-orange | cirrh-  | –  | –
silver | –  | argent-  | –
white | leuc-, leuk-  | alb-, cand-  | –
yellow | Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". | flav-  | jaun- (French)

### Roots of description

Description  | Greek root in English  | Latin root in English  | Other root in English

|
|
|

bad, incorrect | cac-, dys- | mal- | mis-
bent, crooked | ankyl- | prav- | –
big | mega-, megal(o)- | magn(i)- | –
biggest | megist- | maxim- | –
broad, wide | eury- | lat(i)- | –
cold | cry(o)- | frig(i)- | –
dead | necr(o)- | mort- | –
equal | is(o)- | equ(i)- | –
false | pseud(o)- | fals(i)- | –
fast | tachy- | celer- | –
female, feminine | thely- | – | –
flat | platy- | plan(i)- | –
good, well | eu- | ben(e)-, bon(i)- | –
great | mega-, megal(o)- | magn(i)- | –
hard | scler(o)- | dur(i)- | –
heavy | bar(o)- | grav(i)- | –
hollow | coel(o)- | cav(i)- | –
huge | megal(o)- | magn(i)- | –
irregular | poikil(o) | – | –
large; extremely large | mega- | magn(i)- | –
largest | megist- | maxim- | –
long | macr(o)- | long(i)- | –
male, masculine | arseno- | vir- | –
narrow | sten(o)- | angust(i)- | –
new | ne(o)- | nov(i)- | –
normal, correct | orth(o)- | rect(i)- | –
old | paleo- | veter- | –
sharp | oxy- | ac- | –
short | brachy- | brev(i)- | –
small | micr(o)- | parv(i)- (rare) | –
smallest | – | minim- | –
slow | brady- | tard(i)- | –
soft | malac(o)- | moll(i)- | –
straight | orth(o)- | rect(i)- | –
thick | pachy- | crass(i)- | –
varied, various | poikilo- | vari- | –

### Roots of position

Description  | Greek root in English  | Latin root in English  | Other root in English

|
|
|

around, surrounding | peri- | circum- | –
internal, within | endo- | intra- | –
left | levo- | laev-, sinistr- | –
middle | meso-, mes- | medi- | –
right | dexi- | dex-, dextr-, dextro- | –

### Prefixes of quantity or amount

Description  | Greek root in English  | Latin root in English  | Other root in English

|
|
|

double | diplo- | dupli- | –
equal | iso- | equi- | –
few | oligo- | pauci- | –
half | hemi- | semi- | demi- (French)
many, much | poly- | multi- | –
twice | dis- | bis- | –

## See also

* Glossary of medicine
* Classical compound
* International scientific vocabulary
* List of medical abbreviations
* Medical dictionary
* Medicine
* List of commonly used taxonomic affixes

## References

1. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".
2. ↑ "Latin Word Study Tool". Tufts.edu. https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=fibra&la=la.
3. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project
4. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". in Liddell and Scott
5. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". in Liddell and Scott
6. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". in Liddell and Scott
7. ↑ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". in Liddell and Scott
8. ↑ "opistho-". dictionary.com
9. ↑ The Language of Medicine, 11th edition, Davi-Ellen Chabner
10. ↑ Stedman's Online
11. ↑ The Language of Medicine 11th Edition, Davi-Ellen Chabner
12. ↑ Stanfield, Peggy S.; Hui, Y. H.; Cross, Nanna (30 September 2013). Essential Medical Terminology. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-1284038781.

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".

## External links

* "Root Words & Prefixes: Quick Reference." LearnThatWord. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 March 2013.

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24".

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Medicine:List_of_medical_roots,_suffixes_and_prefixes&oldid=3906170"