Orca (assistive technology)

Short description: Accessibility software

Orca

Initial release| September 3, 2006; 19 years ago (2006-09-03)
Written in| Python
Operating system| Unix-like
Type| Screen reader Accessibility
License| GNU LGPL (version 2.1)[1]
Website| projects.gnome.org/orca/

Orca is a free and open-source, flexible, extensible screen reader from the GNOME project for individuals who are blind or visually impaired. Using various combinations of speech synthesis and braille, Orca helps provide access to applications and toolkits that support AT-SPI (e.g., the GNOME desktop, Mozilla Firefox/Thunderbird, OpenOffice.org/LibreOffice and GTK, Qt and Java Swing/SWT applications).

The name Orca, which is another term for a killer whale, is a nod to the long-standing tradition of naming screen readers after aquatic creatures, including the Assistive Technology product on Windows called JAWS (which stands for Job Access With Speech), the early DOS screen reader called Flipper,[2] and the UK vision impairment company Dolphin Computer Access.[3]

As of GNOME 2.16, Orca is the default screen reader of the GNOME platform, replacing Gnopernicus.[4] As a result, Orca follows the GNOME stable release cycles of approximately six-months.[5] Orca is provided by default on a number of operating system distributions, including Solaris,[6] Fedora,[7] openSUSE[8] and Ubuntu.[9]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 Features
* 3 Maintainer list
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## History

The development of Orca was started by the Accessibility Program Office (APO) of Sun Microsystems, Inc. (now Oracle) with contributions from many community members. The original idea and the first working prototype for Orca was started in May 2004 by Marc Mulcahy, a blind programmer who worked for Sun Microsystems. When Mulcahy left Sun Microsystems and ventured out to start his own company, the Accessibility Program Office took his work, continued with it and released the first official version on September 3, 2006.[10][11][12] When Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems in 2010 they cut developer jobs of full-time developers working on GNOME accessibility components, including Orca main maintainer Willie Walker. Since then, Orca is run by volunteers, led by Joanmarie Diggs.[13][14] On September 7, 2011, Igalia, a company specialized in Free Software, hired Joanmarie Diggs and is supporting her work in Orca.[15]

## Features

Orca's profiles allow users to save and load multiple configurations and the users can quickly access to different profiles, making it far easier to access multilingual text and environments.

## Maintainer list

Orca development has been led by their maintainers with the help of its community. The maintainers so far are:[16]

Current:

* Joanmarie Diggs

Previous:

* Alejandro Leiva
* Willie Walker
* Mike Pedersen
* Eitan Isaacson
* Mesar Hameed

Other developers who made great contributions to the project are Krishnakant Mane, Marc Mulcahy, Rich Burridge and Scott Haeger.[17]

## See also

* Festival Speech Synthesis System
* Speech-generating device

## References

1. ↑ "COPYING file from the Orca git source code repository". http://git.gnome.org/browse/orca/tree/COPYING.
2. ↑ "Assistive Computer Technology For MS-DOS Training Guide". p. 33. http://www.htctu.net/archieves/archive pdf/act for ms-dos.pdf.
3. ↑ "Dolphin Computer Access website". http://www.yourdolphin.com/.
4. ↑ "GNOME 2.16 Release Notes". https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/2.16/.
5. ↑ "GNOME's Time-Based Release Schedule". https://wiki.gnome.org/ReleasePlanning/TimeBased.
6. ↑ "Oracle Solaris 11 Desktop Accessibility Guide". http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E26502_01/html/E29026/ats-2.html.
7. ↑ "Fedora 16 Accessibility Guide". http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/16/html/Accessibility_Guide/ar01s04.html.
8. ↑ "openSUSE 12.3". http://en.opensuse.org/Features.
9. ↑ "Ubuntu Accessibility". https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Accessibility.
10. ↑ Burridge, Rich. "My First Blind Email". https://blogs.oracle.com/richb/entry/my_first_blind_email.
11. ↑ Walker, Willie. "Announcing Orca v1.0.0". https://mail.gnome.org/archives/gnome-announce-list/2006-September/msg00008.html.
12. ↑ "Changelog". https://git.gnome.org/browse/orca/tree/ChangeLog-pre-2.27.1.
13. ↑ Walker, Willie. "Post about 2010 GNOME Accessibility Hackfest and Transfer of Leadership". http://blogs.gnome.org/wwalker/2010/03/30/gnome-accessibility-hackfest/.
14. ↑ Willis, Nathan (21 December 2011). "GNOME plans an accessibility push for 2012". Linux Weekly News. https://lwn.net/Articles/473007/.
15. ↑ Piñeiro, Alejandro. "New Igalia hiring: Joanmarie Diggs". http://blogs.igalia.com/apinheiro/2011/09/07/new-igalia-hiring-joanmarie-diggs/.
16. ↑ "Doap file log". https://git.gnome.org/browse/orca/log/orca.doap.
17. ↑ "AUTHORS file". https://git.gnome.org/browse/orca/tree/AUTHORS.

## External links

* Orca's first programmer/inventor

* v
* t
* e

GNOME

Core Applications|

* Boxes
* Calculator
* Character Map
* Dictionary
* Disks
* Files
* Software
* Terminal
* Videos
* Web

Extras|

| Development|

* Anjuta
* Builder
* Glade Interface Designer
* Meld
* GNOME Devhelp
* Nemiver
* Geany
* Gtranslator

|

Office|

* AbiWord
* Dia
* Evince
* Evolution
* GNOME LaTeX
* Gnumeric
* OCRFeeder

Graphics|

* Eye of GNOME
* F-Spot
* GIMP
* gThumb
* Inkscape
* Shotwell
* Simple Scan

Internet|

* Balsa
* Empathy
* Ekiga
* Geary
* GNOME Fractal
* Gobby
* Jami
* Vino
* Vinagre
* Transmission-gtk

Media|

* Banshee
* Cheese
* EasyTag
* Pitivi
* Rhythmbox
* Sound Juicer
* SoundConverter
* sushi

Games|

* GNOME Games
* Chess
* Mines
* gbrainy
* PyChess

Utilities|

* Archive Manager
* Brasero
* dconf-editor
* gedit
* gnote
* GNOME System Tools
* GParted
* Tomboy

Components|

| User interface|

| GNOME 4|

* Mutter on GSK
* GNOME Shell 2
* …

|

GNOME 3|

* Client-Side Decoration
* GDM
* Mutter
* GNOME Shell
* Tango Desktop Project
* Orca

GNOME 2|

* Metacity
* GNOME Panel
* Clearlooks

Other|

* Cinnamon
* MATE
* Diodon
* GNOME Do
* Avant Window Navigator

GNOME Base|

* GTK
* GDK
* GSK
* ATK
* Clutter
* Pango
* GLib
* GObject
* GIO
* IBus

Other|

* dconf
* Genie
* Keyring
* GNOME-DB
* GVfs
* GnomeVFS
* Librsvg
* Tracker
* Vala
* libxslt
* libxml2

freedesktop.org|

* AppStream
* D-Bus
* GStreamer
* NetworkManager
* Poppler
* Wayland
* X.Org Server
* PulseAudio
* PackageKit
* HarfBuzz
* Cairo

Community|

* GNOME Foundation
* GUADEC
* The GNOME Project
* Outreachy

People|

* Miguel de Icaza
* Luis Villa
* Havoc Pennington
* Karen Sandler

* Category
* Commons
* WikiProject

* v
* t
* e

Speech synthesis

Free software|

| Speaking|

* eSpeak]]/eSpeakNG
* Gnopernicus
* Gnuspeech
* Orca
* Festival Speech Synthesis System/Flite
* FreeTTS
* Automatik Text Reader

|

Singing|

* eCantorix
* Lyricos / Flinger
* Sinsy

Proprietary
software|

| Speaking|

* DECtalk
* Software Automatic Mouth
* Talk It!
* Microsoft Agent
* Microsoft Speech API
* Microsoft text-to-speech voices
* Readspeaker
* Voice browser
* CoolSpeech
* IVONA
* CereProc
* CeVIO Creative Studio
* Voiceroid
* LaLaVoice

|

Singing|

* Alter/Ego
* Cantor
* CeVIO Creative Studio
* Chipspeech
* Symphonic Choirs
* Vocaloid
* NIAONiao Virtual Singer
* Vocalina
* Utau
* Realivox
* PPG Phonem

Machine|

* Echo 2
* Mockingboard
* Pattern playback
* Phasor
* RIAS
* Texas Instruments LPC Speech Chips
* General Instrument SP0256
* TuVox

Applications|

* AOLbyPhone
* DialogOS
* Dr. Sbaitso
* MBROLA
* Microsoft Narrator
* Microsoft Speech Server
* PlainTalk
* Voice font

Protocols|

* Speech Synthesis Markup Language
* SABLE
* VoiceXML

Developers/
Researchers|

* Alan W. Black
* Catherine Browman
* Franklin Seaney Cooper
* Gunnar Fant
* Haskins Laboratories
* Wolfgang von Kempelen
* Ignatius Mattingly
* Philip Rubin
* Yamaha

Process|

* Articulatory synthesis
* Concatenative synthesis
* Currah
* Inverse filter
* PSOLA
* Phase vocoder
* Self-voicing

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