ICU quality and management tools

Intensive Care Unit (ICU) quality and management tools refer to a range of strategies, technologies, and practices aimed at improving patient outcomes, operational efficiency, and safety within the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

## Contents

* 1 ICU quality tools
* 2 ICU management tools
* 2.1 Severity assessment tools
* 2.2 Risk stratification tools
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## ICU quality tools

Quality tools include:[1]

* Medical guidelines, including checklists[2] (items rated as yes/no/not applicable)
* Templates[3] for goal setting or structured communication (a more open format than checklists, templates provide the opportunity to add free text responses with items as prompts)
* Care bundles, including ABCDE(F) bundle[4] (Assess, prevent and manage pain, Both spontaneous awakening trials and spontaneous breathing trials, Choice of analgesia and sedation, Delirium assessment, prevention and management, Early mobility and exercise, Family engagement and empowerment)

Medical scoring systems can be used to describe ICU populations and explain their different outcomes. Examples include:

* APACHE II
* SAPS II
* SAPS III
* Mortality Probability Model (MPM)

Physical tools include:

* Monitoring, which may provide data for analysis of ICU performance.

## ICU management tools

### Severity assessment tools

Examples of severity assessment tools:[5]

* Pneumonia severity index (PSI) or PORT score)
* CURB65 score
* CRB65 score
* American Thoracic Society (ATS) 2001 criteria
* Infectious Disease Society of America/ATS (IDSA/ATS) 2007 criteria
* Panic Disorder Screener (PADIS) guidelines[6]

### Risk stratification tools

Risk stratification tools examples:[7]

* Early warning score such as the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), to predict ICU readmission, and the Pediatric early warning signs (PEWS) score
* Minimizing ICU Readmission (MIR) score,[8] to predict patient death or ICU readmission.
* Sabadell score, which predicts hospital mortality after ICU discharge.
* Stability and Workload Index for Transfer (SWIFT) score[9] and the Frost nomogram, to predict ICU readmission.

## See also

* APACHE II
* SAPS III
* Intensive care medicine
* Intensive care unit

## References

* Gallesio, Antonio O.; Ceraso, Daniel; Palizas, Fernando (July 2006). "Improving Quality in the Intensive Care Unit Setting". Critical Care Clinics 22 (3): 547–571. doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2006.04.002. ISSN 1557-8232. PMID 16893740.
* Garland, Allan (June 2005). "Improving the ICU: part 1.". Chest (American College of Chest Physicians) 127 (6): 2151–64. doi:10.1378/chest.127.6.2151. PMID 15947333.
* Garland, Allan (June 2005). "Improving the ICU: part 2.". Chest (American College of Chest Physicians) 127 (6): 2165–79. doi:10.1378/chest.127.6.2165. PMID 15947334.
* Knaus, William A.; Draper, Elizabeth A.; Wagner, Douglas P.; Zimmerman, Jack E. (October 1985). "APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system". Critical Care Medicine 13 (10): 818–29. doi:10.1097/00003246-198510000-00009. PMID 3928249.
* McMillan, Tracy R.; Hyzy, Robert C. (February 2007). "Bringing quality improvement into the intensive care unit". Critical Care Medicine (Society of Critical Care Medicine and Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) 35 (2 Suppl): S59–S65. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000252914.22497.44. PMID 17242607.
* The Epimed Monitor ICU Database®: a cloud-based national registry for adult intensive care unit patients in Brazil. Zampieri FG, Soares M, Borges LP, Salluh JIF, Ranzani OT.Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2017 Oct-Dec;29(4):418-426. doi: 10.5935/0103-507X.20170062. Epub 2017 Nov 30.
* New perspectives to improve critical care benchmarking. Salluh JIF, Chiche JD, Reis CE, Soares M.Ann Intensive Care. 2018 Feb 2;8(1):17. doi: 10.1186/s13613-018-0363-0.
* How to evaluate intensive care unit performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Zampieri FG, Soares M, Salluh JIF.Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2020 Jun;32(2):203-206. doi: 10.5935/0103-507x.20200040. Epub 2020 Jul 13.

## References

1. ↑ Allum, Laura, et al. "Informing the standardising of care for prolonged stay patients in the intensive care unit: A scoping review of quality improvement tools." Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 73 (2022): 103302.
2. ↑ Erikson, Ethan J., et al. "The use of checklists in the intensive care unit: a scoping review." Critical Care 27.1 (2023): 468.
3. ↑ Iannello, Justin, Nida Waheed, and Patrick Neilan. "Template Design and Analysis: Integrating Informatics Solutions to Improve Clinical Documentation." Federal Practitioner 37.11 (2020): 527.
4. ↑ da Silva Moraes, Fabio, et al. "ABCDE and ABCDEF care bundles: A systematic review protocol of the implementation process in intensive care units." Medicine 98.11 (2019): e14792.
5. ↑ Chalmers, James D., et al. "Severity assessment tools to guide ICU admission in community-acquired pneumonia: systematic review and meta-analysis." Intensive care medicine 37 (2011): 1409-1420.
6. ↑ "SCCM | PADIS Guidelines" I. Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM). Retrieved 2023-08-15.
7. ↑ Hosein, F. Shaun; Bobrovitz, Niklas; Berthelot, Simon et al. (29 June 2013). "A systematic review of tools for predicting severe adverse events following patient discharge from intensive care units" (in en). Critical Care 17 (3): R102. doi:10.1186/cc12747. ISSN 1364-8535. PMID 23718698. This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY 2.0 license.
8. ↑ Ouanes, Islem, et al. "A model to predict short-term death or readmission after intensive care unit discharge." Journal of critical care 27.4 (2012): 422-e1.
9. ↑ Gajic, Ognjen, et al. "The Stability and Workload Index for Transfer score predicts unplanned intensive care unit patient readmission: initial development and validation." Critical care medicine 36.3 (2008): 676-682.

## External links

* APACHE II Score online
* SAPS II Scoring Sheets and Database

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