Thulium(III) chloride

Names
IUPAC name

Thulium(III) chloride

Other names

Thulium chloride, thulium trichloride

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 13537-18-3 Y

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

EC Number |

* 236-904-9

PubChem CID

* 61643

RTECS number |

* XP0525000

UNII |

* 73TYF012WF Y

InChI

* InChI=1S/3ClH.Tm/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3

SMILES

* Cl[Tm](Cl)Cl

Properties

Chemical formula

| TmCl3
Molar mass | 275.292 g/mol
Appearance  | yellow crystals
Density | 3.98 g/cm3
Melting point |  824 °C (1,515 °F; 1,097 K)
Boiling point |  1,490 °C (2,710 °F; 1,760 K)

Solubility in water

| heptahydrate: very soluble
Solubility | heptahydrate: very soluble in ethanol[1]
Structure

Crystal structure

| Monoclinic, mS16

Space group

| C12/m1, No. 12

Coordination geometry

| 6[2]
Thermochemistry

Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)

| -966.6 kJ/mol[3]
Hazards
Main hazards | Irritant
GHS pictograms |
GHS Signal word | Warning

GHS hazard statements

| H315, H319, H335

GHS precautionary statements

| P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+352, P304+340, P305+351+338, P312, P332+313, P337+313, P362, P403+233, P405, P501
Related compounds

Other anions

| Thulium(III) oxide

Other cations

| Erbium(III) chloride
Ytterbium(III) chloride
Thulium(II) chloride

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Thulium(III) chloride or thulium trichloride is as an inorganic salt composed of thulium and chlorine with the formula TmCl3. It forms yellow crystals. Thulium(III) chloride has the YCl3 (AlCl3) layer structure with octahedral thulium ions.[5] It has been used as a starting material for some exotic nanostructures prepared for NIR photocatalysis.[6][7]

## Preparation

Thulium(III) chloride can be obtained by reacting thulium(III) oxide or thulium(III) carbonate and ammonium chloride:[8]

3 \+ 6 NH
4Cl → 2 TmCl
3 \+ 6 NH
3 \+ 2 H

The hexahydrate of thulium(III) chloride can be obtained by adding thulium(III) oxide to concentrated hydrochloric acid.[1][8]

2 Tm + 6 HCl → 2 TmCl
3 \+ 3 H

Thulium(III) chloride can also be obtained by directly reacting thulium and chlorine:[9]

2 Tm + 3 Cl
2 → 2 TmCl

## Properties

Thulium(III) chloride is a light yellow powder. Its hexahydrate is a light green hygroscopic solid.[6] Both are soluble in water.[10] Thulium(III) chloride has a monoclinic crystal structure with the space group C2/m (No. 12) corresponding to that of aluminum(III) chloride.[10][8]

Thulium(III) chloride reacts with strong bases to make thulium(III) oxide.

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Spencer, James F. (1919). "The Metals of the Rare Earths". New York: Longmans, Green, and Co. pp. 152. https://archive.org/details/metalsrareearth00spengoog.
2. ↑ "Chemistry: Periodic Table: Thulium: compound data (thulium (III) chloride)". WebElements. http://202.114.88.54/g/web18/wangluo/webelements/webelements/compounds/text/tm/cl3tm1-13537183.html.
3. ↑ Perry, Dale L.; Phillips, Sidney L. (1995). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. pp. 512. ISBN 0-8493-8671-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=kTnxSi2B2FcC&pg=PT1017. Retrieved 2008-06-27.
4. ↑ "Thulium trichloride" (in en). https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/61643#section=Safety-and-Hazards.
5. ↑ Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN:0-19-855370-6
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Sigma-Aldrich Co., Thulium(III) chloride hexahydrate, 99.99% trace metals basis.
7. ↑ Bai, Lijie; Jiang, Wenya; Gao, Chunxiao; Zhong, Shuxian; Zhao, Leihong; Li, Zhengquan; Bai, Song (2016-11-17). "Facet engineered interface design of NaYF4:Yb,Tm upconversion nanocrystals on BiOCl nanoplates for enhanced near-infrared photocatalysis" (in en). Nanoscale 8 (45): 19014–19024. doi:10.1039/C6NR05720A. ISSN 2040-3372. PMID 27808315. https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/nr/c6nr05720a.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie. 2 (3., umgearb. Aufl ed.). Stuttgart: Enke. 1978. ISBN 978-3-432-87813-3.
9. ↑ Webelements: Thulium
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Ans, Jean d'; Lax, Ellen (1998) (in de). Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-60035-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=ssy59etLaksC&pg=PA780.

* v
* t
* e

Salts and covalent derivatives of the chloride ion

HCl |  |  |  | He

|
|
|
|

LiCl | BeCl2 | BCl3
B2Cl4 | CCl4 | NCl3
ClN3 | Cl2O
ClO2
Cl2O7 | ClF
ClF3
ClF5 | Ne
NaCl | MgCl2 | AlCl
AlCl3 | SiCl4 | P2Cl4
PCl3
PCl5 | S2Cl2
SCl2
SCl4 | Cl2 | Ar
KCl | CaCl
CaCl2 | ScCl3 | TiCl2
TiCl3
TiCl4 | VCl2
VCl3
VCl4
VCl5 | CrCl2
CrCl3
CrCl4 | MnCl2 | FeCl2
FeCl3 | CoCl2
CoCl3 | NiCl2 | CuCl
CuCl2 | ZnCl2 | GaCl2
GaCl3 | GeCl2
GeCl4 | AsCl3
AsCl5 | Se2Cl2
SeCl4 | BrCl | KrCl
RbCl | SrCl2 | YCl3 | ZrCl3
ZrCl4 | NbCl4
NbCl5 | MoCl2
MoCl3
MoCl4
MoCl5
MoCl6 | TcCl4 | RuCl3 | RhCl3 | PdCl2 | AgCl | CdCl2 | InCl
InCl2
InCl3 | SnCl2
SnCl4 | SbCl3
SbCl5 | Te3Cl2
TeCl4 | ICl
ICl3 | XeCl
XeCl2
CsCl | BaCl2 |  | HfCl4 | TaCl5 | WCl2
WCl3
WCl4
WCl5
WCl6 | Re3Cl9
ReCl4
ReCl5
ReCl6 | OsCl4 | IrCl2
IrCl3
IrCl4 | PtCl2
PtCl4 | AuCl
AuCl3 | Hg2Cl2,
HgCl2 | TlCl | PbCl2,
PbCl4 | BiCl3 | PoCl2,
PoCl4 | AtCl  | RnCl2
FrCl | RaCl2 |  | Rf  | Db  | Sg  | Bh  | Hs  | Mt  | Ds  | Rg  | Cn  | Nh  | Fl  | Mc  | Lv  | Ts  | Og
| ↓  |  |
LaCl3 | CeCl3 | PrCl3 | NdCl2,
NdCl3 | PmCl3 | SmCl2,
SmCl3 | EuCl2,
EuCl3 | GdCl3 | TbCl3 | DyCl2,
DyCl3 | HoCl3 | ErCl3 | TmCl2
TmCl3 | YbCl2
YbCl3 | LuCl3
AcCl3 | ThCl4 | PaCl5 | UCl3
UCl4
UCl5
UCl6 | NpCl4 | PuCl3 | AmCl2
AmCl3 | CmCl3 | BkCl3 | CfCl3 | EsCl3 | Fm  | Md  | No  | LrCl3

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*[CID]: Compound ID
*[H315]: Causes skin irritation
*[H319]: Causes serious eye irritation
*[H335]: May cause respiratory irritation
*[P261]: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray
*[P264]: Wash … thoroughly after handling
*[P271]: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area
*[P280]: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection
*[P302+352]: IF ON SKIN: Wash with soap and water
*[P304+340]: IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing
*[P305+351+338]: IF IN EYES: Rinse continuously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do – continue rinsing
*[P312]: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell
*[P332+313]: If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention
*[P337+313]: Get medical advice/attention
*[P362]: Take off contaminated clothing and wash before reuse
*[P403+233]: Store in a well ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed
*[P405]: Store locked up
*[P501]: Dispose of contents/container to …
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