Costaceae

Short description: Family of flowering plants

Costaceae

Tapeinochilos ananassae of the family Costaceae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Plantae
Clade:  | Tracheophytes
Clade:  | Angiosperms
Clade:  | Monocots
Clade:  | Commelinids
Order:  | Zingiberales
Family:  | Costaceae
Nakai[1]
Genera

* Chamaecostus
* Cheilocostus
* Costus
* Dimerocostus
* Hellenia
* Monocostus
* Paracostus
* Tapeinochilos

Costaceae, known as the Costus family or spiral gingers, is a family of pantropical monocots. It belongs to the order Zingiberales, which contains horticulturally and economically important plants such as the banana (Musaceae), bird-of-paradise (Strelitziaceae), and edible ginger (Zingiberaceae). The seven genera in Costaceae together contain about 143 known species[2] (1 in Monocostus, 2 in Dimerocostus, 16 in Tapeinochilos, 2 in Paracostus, c. 8 in Chamaecostus, c. 5 in Hellenia, and c. 80 in Costus).[3] They are native to tropical climates of Asia, Africa, Central America, and South America. Several species are frequently found in cultivation.[citation needed]

## Contents

* 1 Description
* 2 Taxonomy
* 3 Gallery
* 4 References
* 5 Bibliography
* 6 External links

## Description

The simple leaves are entire and spirally arranged, with those toward the base of the stem usually bladeless. Leaf bases have a closed sheath with a ligule, or projection at the top of the sheath.

Costaceae is different from the other families of Zingiberales in that its species have 5 fused staminodes, rather than 2 or 3, and the Costaceae contain no aromatic oils. The fused infertile stamens form a large petaloid labellum that often functions to attract pollinators. The flowers are solitary in Monocostus. In the other genera, the flowers are borne in a terminal spike that ranges from elongate to nearly capitate. Each flower is subtended by a large bract. The fruit is a berry or capsule. The rhizome is fleshy with tuberous roots.

## Taxonomy

Cladogram: Phylogeny of Zingiberales[4]

| Zingiberales |  |  |  |  |  | Zingiberineae  |  | Zingiberariae  |  |  |

Zingiberaceae

|

Costaceae

Cannariae  |  |  |

Cannaceae

|

Marantaceae

|  | Strelitziineae  |  |  |

Lowiaceae

|

Strelitziaceae

Heliconiaceae

|  |  |

Musaceae

|

Phylogenetic tree of the family.[citation needed]

Costaceae |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Monocostus

|

Dimerocostus

Chamaecostus

|  |  |  |  |  |  |

Tapeinochilos

|

|  |  |

Hellenia

|

[Cheilocostus

Paracostus

Costus

## Gallery

* Tapeinochilos ananassae (wax ginger)

* Cheilocostus speciosus (crêpe ginger)

* Spirally arranged leaves of wild Cheilocostus speciosus

## References

1. ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
2. ↑ Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa (Magnolia Press) 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1. http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598.
3. ↑ Chelsea D. Specht & Dennis Wm. Stevenson. 2006. "A new phylogeny-based generic classification of Costaceae (Zingiberales)".Taxon 55(1):153-163. (See External links below).
4. ↑ Sass et al 2016.

## Bibliography

* Sass, C; Iles, WJ; Barrett, CF; Smith, SY; Specht, CD (21 January 2016). "Revisiting the Zingiberales: using multiplexed exon capture to resolve ancient and recent phylogenetic splits in a charismatic plant lineage.". PeerJ 4: e1584. doi:10.7717/peerj.1584. PMID 26819846.

## External links

* Classification of Costaceae
* Hellenia, the correct name for Cheilocostus At volume 151 At Online Content At Phytotaxa
* Distribution Map And Genus list At Costaceae At Zingiberales At: Trees At: APweb At: botanical databases At: About Science & Conservation At: Missouri Botanical Garden
* Family Costaceae

Wikidata ☰ Q131356 entry

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*[c.]: circa