Generational list of programming languages

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Template:Programming language lists This is a "genealogy" of programming languages. Languages are categorized under the ancestor language with the strongest influence. Those ancestor languages are listed in alphabetic order. Any such categorization has a large arbitrary element, since programming languages often incorporate major ideas from multiple sources.

## Contents

* 1 ALGOL based
* 2 APL based
* 3 BASIC based
* 4 Batch languages
* 5 C based
* 6 C# based
* 7 COBOL based
* 8 COMIT based
* 9 DCL based
* 10 ed based
* 11 Eiffel based
* 12 Forth based
* 13 Fortran based
* 14 FP based
* 15 HyperTalk based
* 16 Java based
* 17 JavaScript based
* 18 JOSS based
* 19 Lisp based
* 20 ML based
* 21 PL/I based
* 22 Prolog based
* 23 SASL based
* 24 SETL based
* 25 sh based
* 26 Simula based
* 27 Tcl based
* 28 Others
* 29 References
* 30 External links

## ALGOL based

* ALGOL (also under Fortran)
* Atlas Autocode
* ALGOL 58 (IAL, International Algorithmic Language)
* MAD and GOM (Michigan Algorithm Decoder and Good Old MAD)
* ALGOL 60
* MAD/I
* Simula (see also Simula based)
* SETL
* ABC
* Python
* Julia (also under Lisp, Ruby, ALGOL)
* Nim (also under Oberon)
* Swift (also under Ruby, Objective-C, and Haskell)
* Boo
* Cobra (syntax and features)
* ALGOL 68
* ALGOL W
* Pascal
* Ada
* SPARK
* PL/SQL
* Turbo Pascal
* Object Pascal (Delphi)
* Free Pascal (FPC)
* Kylix (same as Delphi, but for Linux)
* Euclid
* Concurrent Euclid
* Turing
* Turing+ (Turing Plus)
* Object-Oriented Turing
* Mesa
* Modula-2
* Modula-3
* Oberon (Oberon-1)
* Go (also under C)
* V (Vlang)
* Nim (also under Python)
* Oberon-2
* Component Pascal
* Active Oberon
* Zonnon
* Oberon-07
* Lua (also under Scheme and SNOBOL)
* SUE
* Plus
* CPL
* BCPL
* B
* C (see also C based)

## APL based

* APL
* A+
* J (also under FL)
* K (also under LISP)
* NESL
* PDL (also under Perl)

## BASIC based

* BASIC (also under Fortran II)
* AmigaBASIC
* Applesoft BASIC
* AMOS BASIC
* BASIC Stamp
* Basic-256
* BASIC09
* BBC Basic
* Blitz BASIC
* Blitz3D
* BlitzMax
* BlitzPlus
* Business Basic
* Caché Basic
* Chinese BASIC
* COMAL
* Commodore BASIC
* DarkBASIC
* DarkBASIC Professional
* Dartmouth BASIC
* HP Time-Shared BASIC
* Integer BASIC or Apple BASIC
* Tiny BASIC
* Atari BASIC
* Euphoria
* GLBasic
* GRASS
* Altair BASIC
* Microsoft BASIC
* GW-BASIC
* QuickBASIC
* QBasic
* Basic4GL
* FreeBASIC
* Liberty BASIC
* Run BASIC
* Visual Basic
* VBScript
* Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)
* LotusScript
* Visual Basic .NET
* Small Basic
* B4X
* Basic for Qt
* OpenOffice Basic
* HBasic
* Gambas
* WinWrap Basic
* WordBasic
* QB64
* PureBasic
* REALbasic (Xojo)
* TI-BASIC
* True BASIC
* Turbo Basic
* PowerBASIC
* wxBasic
* SdlBasic
* RCBasic
* XBasic
* YaBasic

## Batch languages

* MS-DOS Batch files
* Winbatch
* CLIST
* IBM Control Language (CL)
* IBM Job Control Language (JCL)

## C based

* C (also under BCPL)
* Lua
* Alef
* C++
* Rust (also under Cyclone, Haskell, and OCaml)
* D
* C#
* Windows PowerShell (also under DCL, ksh, and Perl)
* Cobra (class/object model and other features)
* Java (see also Java based)
* C--
* Cyclone
* Rust (also under C++, Haskell, and OCaml)
* ColdFusion
* Go (also under Oberon)
* V (Vlang)
* Harbour
* Limbo
* LPC
* Pike
* Objective-C (also under Smalltalk)
* Swift (also under Ruby, Python, and Haskell)
* PCASTL (also under Lisp)
* Perl
* Windows PowerShell (also under C#, DCL, and ksh)
* S2
* PHP
* Ruby (also under Smalltalk)
* Julia (also under Lisp, Python, ALGOL)
* Swift (also under Objective-C, Python, and Haskell)
* Crystal
* Elixir (also under Erlang)
* PDL (also under APL)
* Raku
* QuakeC
* tcsh (also under sh)

## C# based

* C#
* Chapel
* Clojure
* Crystal
* D
* J#
* Dart
* F#
* Hack
* Java
* Kotlin
* Nemerle
* Oxygene
* Rust
* Swift
* Vala
* TypeScript

## COBOL based

* COBOL
* ABAP
* DIBOL
* WATBOL

## COMIT based

* COMIT
* SNOBOL
* Icon
* Unicon
* Lua (also under Modula and Scheme)

## DCL based

* DCL
* Windows PowerShell (also under C#, ksh, and Perl)

## ed based

* ed (programming language)
* sed
* AWK
* Perl (also under C)

## Eiffel based

* Eiffel
* Cobra (design by contract)
* Sather
* Ubercode

## Forth based

* Forth
* InterPress
* PostScript
* Joy
* Factor
* Rebol (also under Lisp)
* RPL (also under Lisp)

## Fortran based

* Fortran
* Fortran II
* BASIC (see also BASIC based)
* SAKO
* Fortran IV
* WATFOR
* WATFIV
* Fortran 66
* FORMAC
* Ratfor
* Fortran 77
* WATFOR-77
* Ratfiv
* Fortran 90
* Fortran 95
* F
* Fortran 2003
* Fortran 2008
* Fortran 2018
* ALGOL (see also ALGOL based)

## FP based

* FP (Function Programming)
* FL (Function Level)
* J (also under APL)
* FPr (also under Lisp and object-oriented programming)

## HyperTalk based

* HyperTalk
* ActionScript (also under JavaScript)
* AppleScript
* LiveCode (Formerly Transcript)
* SenseTalk
* SuperTalk

## Java based

* Java (also under C)
* Ateji PX
* C#
* Ceylon
* Fantom
* Groovy
* OptimJ
* Processing
* Scala
* Join Java
* J#
* Kotlin
* X10

## JavaScript based

* JavaScript (also under Scheme, Self)
* ActionScript (also under HyperTalk)
* Haxe
* Asm.js
* CoffeeScript
* ECMAScript
* JavaScript OSA
* JScript
* TypeScript
* AssemblyScript

## JOSS based

* JOSS
* CAL
* TELCOMP
* FOCAL
* MUMPS
* Caché ObjectScript

JOSS also inspired features for several versions of BASIC, including Tymshare's SUPER BASIC and DEC's BASIC-PLUS.

## Lisp based

* Lisp
* Arc
* AutoLISP
* Clojure
* Common Lisp
* uLisp (A subset of Common Lisp for microcontrollers)
* Emacs Lisp
* ISLISP
* Interlisp
* Julia (has Lisp-like macros, but ALGOL-like syntax) (also under Python, Ruby, ALGOL)
* K (also under APL)
* LFE
* Logo
* Turtle graphics
* MacLisp
* Nu programming language
* PicoLisp
* REBOL
* Red (programming language)
* RPL (also under Forth)
* S
* R
* PCASTL (also under ALGOL)
* Scheme
* GNU Guile
* Racket
* Hop
* Pico
* T
* Lua (also under Modula and SNOBOL)
* JavaScript (also based on Self)
* ECMAScript (also based on Self)

## ML based

* ML
* Standard ML (SML)
* Caml
* OCaml
* F#
* Reason
* Rust (also under C++, Cyclone, and Haskell)

## PL/I based

* PL/I
* PL/M
* PL/C
* Rexx
* Object REXX (also under Smalltalk)
* SP/k
* XPL

## Prolog based

* Prolog
* CLP(R), CLP(FD)
* Mercury
* Erlang
* Cuneiform
* Elixir[1] (also under Ruby)
* Logtalk

## SASL based

* SASL
* Kent Recursive Calculator
* Miranda
* Haskell
* Agda
* Elm
* Idris
* Rust (also under C++, Cyclone, and OCaml)
* Swift (also under Ruby, Python, and Objective-C)
* PureScript
* Nix

## SETL based

* SETL
* ABC
* Python (also under ALGOL)
* Julia (also under Lisp, Ruby, ALGOL)
* Nim (also under Oberon)
* Swift (also under Ruby, Objective-C, and Haskell)
* Boo
* Cobra (syntax and features)

## sh based

* Sh
* bash
* csh (also under C)
* tcsh
* Hamilton C shell
* fish
* zsh
* ksh
* Windows PowerShell (also under C#, DCL, and Perl)
* Qshell

## Simula based

* Simula (also under ALGOL 60)
* C++ (also under C)
* Smalltalk
* Objective-C (hybrid of C and Smalltalk)
* Swift (also under Ruby, Python, and Haskell)
* Cobra (support both dynamic and static types)
* Ruby (also under Perl)
* Swift (also under Objective-C, Python, and Haskell)
* Elixir (also under Erlang)
* Self
* JavaScript (also under Scheme) (see also JavaScript based)
* NewtonScript
* Io
* Object REXX (also under Rexx)
* BETA

## Tcl based

* Tcl
* Expect
* Tea

## Others

* Assembly
* BLISS
* CORAL
* Curl
* GPSS
* IDL
* LabVIEW
* NXT-G
* Microsoft Power Fx
* occam
* POP-2, POP-11
* REFAL
* RPG (Report Program Generator)
* Seed7
* SQL (Structured Query Language)
* TACL (Tandem Advanced Command Language)
* TUTOR
* Joule
* E
* Pony

## References

1. ↑ Valim, José. "Elixir: The Documentary" (in English) (Video). https://cult.honeypot.io/originals/elixir-the-documentary. "Erickson, they created Erlang. This technology that they created, right, in the eighties, to solve all these problems. It's going to be perfect to solve those issues that we're having right now with concurrency, those issues that we're having with the web in general, right? I think that was the moment when I had the idea of creating a programming language. Like, look I have this absolutely beautiful piece of software which is the Erlang virtual machine. I want to use it more but it's missing some stuff and I want to try adding this missing stuff."

## External links

* Diagram & history of programming languages

* v
* t
* e

Programming languages

* Comparison
* Timeline
* History

* APL
* Assembly
* BASIC
* C
* C++
* C#
* COBOL
* Elixir
* Fortran
* Go
* Groovy
* Haskell
* Java
* JavaScript (JS)
* Julia
* Kotlin
* Lisp
* Lua
* MATLAB
* Objective-C
* OCaml
* Pascal
* Perl
* PHP
* Python
* R
* Ruby
* Rust
* Scala
* Shell
* Smalltalk
* Swift
* TypeScript
* Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET)
* more...

* Category
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* Categorical
* Generational
* Non-English-based

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