Sichuan_Giant_Panda_Sanctuaries

Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries*


UNESCO World Heritage Site





State Party

 China


Type

Natural


Criteria

x


Reference

Retrieved June 24, 2008. 1213


Region**

Asia-Pacific


Inscription history


Inscription

2006  (30th Session)


* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List.
** Region as classified by UNESCO.

The Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries (Simplified Chinese: 四川大熊猫栖息地; Traditional Chinese: 四川大熊貓棲息地; pinyin: Sìchuān Dàxióngmāo Qīxīdì), located in southwest Sichuan province of China, serves as the home to more than 30 percent of the world's highly endangered Giant Pandas. The sanctuary stands among the most important sites for the captive breeding of those pandas. Covering 9245 km², the Sinchuan Giant Panda Sanctuary encompasses seven nature reserves and nine scenic parks in the Qionglai and Jiajin Mountains. Along with the Giant Panda, the sanctuary provides refuge to other endangered species such as the Red Panda, the Snow Leopard, and the Clouded Leopard. Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuary hosts one of the richest botanical sites outside of the tropical rain forests, home to between 5,000 and 6,000 species of flora. The area has been compared to the paleo-tropic forests of the Tertiary Era. In 2006, UNESCO designated the Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries a World Heritage Site.

Contents

1 Nature Reserves

1.1 Wolong National Nature Reserve

1.1.1 Description
1.1.2 Environmental Impact
1.1.3 2008 Sichuan Earthquake




2 Scenic Parks
3 Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding

3.1 Partnerships


4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
8 Credits



Approximately 1,600 Panda, a revered national symbol of China, live in the wild, most in Sichuan province. Approximately 30 percent of theGiant Panda population lives in Sichuan.[1] In addition to the natural habitat well-suited to support the Pandas, the Chinese government has established the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda at Wolong for breading Panda in captivity. A massive earthquake, with an epicenter only fifteen miles from the sanctuary, damaged the natural habitat Panda's need to survive. One estimate has stated that as much as 80 percent of the natural habitat vital for the Panda's survival has been damaged.[1] If that proves true, the fate of the Panda may lay in the balance. The Panda especially requires the bamboo grown in the region to survive.[2]

Nature Reserves
The Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries contains seven nature reserves. They include:

Wolong National Nature Reserve (Chinese: 卧龙自然保护区), the most well renown of the parks
Fengtongzhai Nature Reserve (Chinese: 蜂桶寨自然保护区)
Mt. Siguniang Nature Reserve (Chinese: 四姑娘山自然保护区)
Laba River Nature Reserve (Chinese: 喇叭河自然保护区)
Heishui River Nature Reserve (Chinese: 黑水河自然保护区)
Jintang-Kongyu Nature Reserve (Chinese: 金汤—孔玉自然保护区)
Caopo Nature Reserve (Chinese: 草坡自然保护区)
Wolong National Nature Reserve
Location: Coordinates: 31°02′N 103°11′E﻿ / ﻿31.033, 103.183


Description
The People's Republic of China has decreed Wolong National Nature Reserve (Simplified Chinese: 卧龙自然保护区; Traditional Chinese: 臥龍自然保護區) located in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, a protected area. Established in 1963, the reserve covers an area of about 200,000 hectares, protecting over 4,000 recorded species in the reserve. Wolong National Nature Reserve houses more than 150 highly endangered giant pandas. In June 1980, the Chinese government established the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda at Wolong with the support of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). As of 2007, researchers have conducted many breeding research on giant pandas and have successfully bred sixty six panda cubs.

 Panda in Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China
Environmental Impact
A mountain stream runs through the Wolong Valley, in which the Reserve lies. Boulders and small, rounded stones, abound in the stream that has a high alkaline content with pH levels measured at 8.91. Plentiful sand and uncontrolled gravel mining have resulted in the poor water quality and extreme turbidity of the stream.[3] Dr. Jianguo Liu of Michigan State University, conducting research in 2001 research, concluded that the rate of degradation of the stream has increased since the creation of the Reserve. Liu's research team, using NASA's satellite images and records of population, concluded that due to tourism and the increase in local population has fostered an an unprecedented threat to the environment. "Tourists don't think they have an impact on panda habitat, but indirectly each visitor has some impact," Liu said. "We don't see ourselves as a destructive force, but we are."[3]

2008 Sichuan Earthquake
The region, including the Panda Research Center, was largely devastated on May 12, 2008, by a catastrophic earthquake, though the captive giant pandas have been reported safe.[4][5] Initially, officials lost contact with the reserve.[6] The People's Republic of China’s Foreign Ministry reported that a group of 31 British tourists visiting the Wolong panda reserve in the quake-hit area had returned safely and uninjured to the provincial capital. The well-being of an even greater number of pandas in the neighboring panda reserves remained unknown initially.
Five security guards at the reserve died during the earthquake.[7] Six pandas escaped from their damaged enclosures. By May 20, two pandas at the reserve had been found injured, while a search continued for another two adult pandas that went missing after the quake.[8] As of May 28, 2008, one panda remained missing.[9] Rescue teams later found the missing panda dead under the rubble of an enclosure.[10] Sadly, nine-year-old Mao Mao, a mother of five at the breeding center, had been discovered on Monday, June 9, 2008, her body crushed by a wall in her enclosure. Panda keepers and other workers placed her remains in a small wooden crate and buried her outside the breeding center.

Scenic Parks
The Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries has nine scenic parks. They include Mount Qingcheng, which shares UNESCO's World Heritage Site designation with Dujiangyan Scenic Park.

 Giant Panda at Chengdu's Giant Panda Breeding Research Base.
Mt. Qingcheng-Dujiangyan Scenic Park (Chinese: 青城山—都江堰风景名胜区)
Mt. Tiantai Scenic Park (Chinese: 天台山风景名胜区)
Mt. Siguniang Scenic Park (Chinese: 四姑娘山风景名胜区)
Xiling Snow Mountain Scenic Park (Chinese: 西岭雪山风景名胜区)
Mt. Jiguan-Jiulonggou Scenic Park (Chinese: 鸡冠山—九龙沟风景名胜区)
Mt. Jiajin Scenic Park (Chinese: 夹金山风景名胜区)
Miyaluo Scenic Park (Chinese: 米亚罗风景名胜区)
Mt. Lingzhen-Mt. Daxue Scenic Park (Chinese: 灵鹫山—大雪峰风景名胜区)
Mt. Erlang Scenic Park (Chinese: 二郎山风景名胜区)
Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding
 Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding
Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, or simply Chengdu Panda Base, located in Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China, serves as a non-profit research and breeding facility for Giant Pandas and other rare animals. Founded in 1987, the Chengdu Panda Base started with six giant pandas rescued from the wild. By 2007, the Center mid-wifed 110 panda births, and the captive panda population has grown to 62.[11] With the stated goal to "be a world-class research facility, conservation education center, and international educational tourism destination, the Chengdu Panda Base has earned international acclaim.

Partnerships
 Giant Panda about one week old at Chengdu's Giant Panda Breeding Research Base.
Chengdu Panda Base has partnered with numerous organizations to improving techniques for raising giant pandas in captivity. For example, its partnership with Zoo Atlanta helped the zoo secure the loan of two giant pandas.[12] To date, those two giant pandas, Yang Yang and Lun Lun, have given birth to one off-spring at the zoo.
Other research partners include:[13]

Adventure World in Shirahama, Wakayama, Japan
East Bay Zoological Society, Oakland, California, USA
Liverpool University, UK
National Institute of Health/National Cancer Institution, USA
National Zoo, Washington, D.C., USA
North of England Zoological Society, UK
The Oakland China Wildlife Preservation Foundation, California, USA
San Diego Zoo, California, USA
University of Japan
See also
Panda
Notes


↑ 1.0 1.1 MSNBC, "80 percent of China's panda habitat damaged." Retrieved June 24, 2008.

↑ YouTube: Panda eating bamboo at Chengdu Panda Base Retrieved June 24, 2008.

↑ 3.0 3.1 Wolong Nature Reserve Retrieved June 24, 2008.

↑ Pandas International Retrieved June 24, 2008.

↑ Pandas 'safe' at park after quake Retrieved June 24, 2008.

↑ Report: "Rare giant pandas at Chinese breeding center safe after quake," International Herald (May 13, 2008) Retrieved June 24, 2008.

↑ Melinda Liu, "Animal Instinct," China Earthquake (May 21, 2008) Newsweek Retrieved June 24, 2008.

↑ "Two pandas missing in China quake region," UPI (May 20, 2008) Retrieved June 24, 2008.

↑ "Panda reserve mulls moving after quake damage," Associated Press (May 29, 2008) CNN Retrieved June 24, 2008.

↑ Yangtze Yan, "One panda confirmed dead in China quake," (June 10, 2008-06-10), Window of China, Xinhua News Agency Retrieved June 24, 2008.

↑ About Chengdu Panda Base Retrieved June 24, 2008.

↑ Zoo Atlanta's Conservation Education Initiative in China Retrieved June 24, 2008.

↑ Research partners Retrieved June 24, 2008.



ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
Bearer, Scott L. 2005. "The effects of forest harvesting on giant panda habitat use in Wolong Nature Reserve, China." Thesis (Ph. D.)—Michigan State University. Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Dept. of Fisheries and Wildlife, 2005. OCLC 78077970
China giant panda garden: Wolong National Nature Reserve. 2001. Sichuan, China: Sichuan Nationality Publishing House. ISBN 9787540924768
Hu, Jinchu, Tianzheng Liu, and Guangxin He. 1990. Xiong mao di feng zai / Giant pandas with graceful bearing. Zhengdu: Sizhuan ke xue zhi shu chu ban she chu ban fa xing. ISBN 9787536418059
MacKinnon, John Ramsay. 1989. National conservation management plan for the giant panda and its habitat: Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces, the People's Republic of China: joint report of the Ministry of Forestry and WWF, World Wide Fund for Nature. Hong Kong: Printed by China Alliance Press. OCLC 27467554
Schaller, George B. 1985. The Giant pandas of Wolong. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226736433
Willis, Terri. 1995. Sichuan panda forests. Wonders of the world. Austin, Tex: Raintreee Steck-Vaughn. ISBN 9780811463676
External links
All links retrieved January 27, 2023.

UNESCO description of the site
Giant panda cubs at Wolong National Nature Reserve


World Heritage Sites in China
Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains ·
Capital Cities and Tombs of the Ancient Koguryo Kingdom ·
Classical Gardens of Suzhou ·
Dazu Rock Carvings ·
Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace ·
The Great Wall ·
Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area ·
Imperial Palaces of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in Beijing and Shenyang ·
Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ·
Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area ·
Kaiping Diaolou and Villages ·
Old Town of Lijiang ·
Longmen Grottoes ·
Lushan National Park ·
Historic Centre of Macau ·
Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor ·
Mogao Caves ·
Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area ·
Mount Huangshan ·
Mount Qingcheng and Dujiangyan Irrigation System ·
Mount Tai (Taishan) ·
Mount Wuyi ·
Chengde Mountain Resort and its Outlying Temples ·
Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian ·
Ancient City of Ping Yao ·
Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries ·
South China Karst ·
Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing  ·
Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and Kong Family Mansion, Qufu ·
Temple of Heaven: an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing ·
Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas ·
Villages in Southern Anhui - Xidi and Hongcun ·
Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area ·
Yin Xu ·
Yungang Grottoes



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