List of chemical elements named after people

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* 1 (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr — lithium family, s¹ metals" class="nowrap">alkali metals)
* Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra — beryllium group, s² metals" class="nowrap">2 (alkaline earth metals)
* Sc, Y… — scandium group, s² d¹ metals">3
* Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf — titanium and analogs, transition metals with 4 valence electrons">4
* V, Nb, Ta, Db — vanadium and analogs, transition metals with 5 valence electrons">5
* Cr, Mo, W, Sg — chromium and analogs, transition metals with 6 valence electrons">6
* Mn, Tc, Re, Bh — manganese and analogs, transition metals with 7 valence electrons">7
* Fe, Ru, Os, Hs — iron and analogs, transition metals with 8 valence electrons">8
* Co, Rh, Ir, Mt — cobalt and analogs, transition metals with 9 valence electrons">9
* Ni, Pd, Pt, Ds — nickel and analogs, transition metals with 10 valence electrons">10
* Cu, Ag, Au, Rg — coinage metals, transition metals with 11 valence electrons">11
* Zn, Cd, Hg, Cn — zinc group, s² d¹⁰ metals">12
* B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Nh — boron group, s² p¹ elements">13
* C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Fl — carbon group, s² p² elements">14
* N, P, As, Sb, Bi, Mc — nitrogen group, s² p³ elements" class="nowrap">15 (pnictogens)
* O, S, Se, Te, Po, Lv — oxygen group, s² p⁴ elements" class="nowrap">16 (chalcogens)
* F, Cl, Br, I, At, Ts — fluorine group, s² p⁵ elements" class="nowrap">17 (halogens)
* He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn, Og — elements having a complete valence shell" class="nowrap">18 (noble gases)

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* H, He, Z = 1–2">1
* Li … Ne, Z = 3–10">2
* Na … Ar, Z = 11–18">3
* K … Kr, Z = 19–36">4
* Rb … Xe, Z = 37–54">5
* Cs … Rn, Z = 55–86">6
* Fr … Og, Z = 87–118">7

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This list of chemical elements named after people includes elements named for people both directly and indirectly. Of the 118 elements, 19 are connected with the names of 20 people. 15 elements were named to honor 16 scientists (as curium honours both Marie and Pierre Curie). Four others have indirect connection to the names of non-scientists.[1] Only gadolinium and samarium occur in nature; the rest are man-made.

## Contents

* 1 List
* 2 Other connections
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## List

These 19 elements are connected to the names of people. Seaborg and Oganessian were the living persons honored by having elements named after them; Oganessian is the only one still alive. Names were proposed to honor Einstein and Fermi while they were still alive, but they had both died by the time those names became official.[2]

The four elements associated with non-scientists were not named in their honor but named for something else bearing their name: samarium for the mineral samarskite from which it was isolated; and americium, berkelium and livermorium after places named for them. The cities of Berkeley, California and Livermore, California are the locations of the University of California Radiation Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, respectively.

Element  | Individual(s)

|

Z | Name  | Symbol  | Discovery  | Immediate namesake  | Name  | Specialty  | Born–Died | Nationality
062 62  | Samarium | Sm | 1879 | the mineral samarskite  | Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets  | Mining engineer | 1803–1870 | Russian
064 64  | Gadolinium | Gd | 1886 | the mineral gadolinite | Johan Gadolin | Scientist | 1760–1852 | Finnish
095 95  | Americium | Am | 1944 | the continents of the Americas | Amerigo Vespucci  | Explorer | 1454–1512 | Italian
096 96  | rowspan="2" |Curium | Cm | 1944 |  | Marie Curie | Scientist | 1867–1934 | Polish–French
Pierre Curie | Scientist | 1859–1906 | French
097 97  | Berkelium | Bk | 1949 | Berkeley, California and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory | George Berkeley | Philosopher | 1685–1753 | Irish
099 99  | Einsteinium | Es | 1952 |  | Albert Einstein | Scientist | 1879–1955 | German–Swiss
100 | Fermium | Fm | 1953 |  | Enrico Fermi | Scientist | 1901–1954 | Italian–American
101 | Mendelevium | Md | 1955 |  | Dmitri Mendeleev | Scientist | 1834–1907 | Russian
102 | Nobelium | No | 1966 |  | Alfred Nobel  | Scientist | 1833–1896 | Swedish
103 | Lawrencium | Lr | 1961 |  | Ernest Lawrence | Scientist | 1901–1958 | American
104 | Rutherfordium | Rf | 1969 |  | Ernest Rutherford | Scientist | 1871–1937 | New Zealand
106 | Seaborgium | Sg | 1974 |  | Glenn T. Seaborg | Scientist | 1912–1999 | American
107 | Bohrium | Bh | 1981 |  | Niels Bohr | Scientist | 1885–1962 | Danish
109 | Meitnerium | Mt | 1982 |  | Lise Meitner | Scientist | 1878–1968 | Austrian–Swedish
111 | Roentgenium | Rg | 1994 |  | Wilhelm Röntgen | Scientist | 1845–1923 | German
112 | Copernicium | Cn | 1996 |  | Nicolaus Copernicus | Scientist | 1473–1543 | Polish–German
114 | Flerovium | Fl | 1999 | the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research | Georgy Flyorov | Scientist | 1913–1990 | Russian
116 | Livermorium | Lv | 2000 | Livermore, California, and Lawrence Livermore Lab[3] | Robert Livermore  | Land owner | 1799–1858 | English–Mexican
118 | Oganesson | Og | 2002 |  | Yuri Oganessian | Scientist | 1933– | Russian-Armenian

## Other connections

Other element names connected with people (real or mythological) have been proposed but failed to gain official international recognition. The following such names received past significant use among scientists:

* cassiopeium after the constellation Cassiopeia, hence indirectly connected to the mythological Cassiopeia (now lutetium);
* columbium after Christopher Columbus (now niobium);
* hahnium after Otto Hahn (now dubnium, also later proposed for what is now hassium);
* joliotium after Irène Joliot-Curie (now nobelium, also later proposed for what is now dubnium);
* kurchatovium after Igor Kurchatov (now rutherfordium);

Names had also been suggested (but not used) to honour Henri Becquerel (becquerelium) and Paul Langevin (langevinium).[4][5] George Gamow, Lev Landau, and Vitalii Goldanski (ru) (who was alive at the time) were suggested for consideration for honoring with elements during the Transfermium Wars, but were not actually proposed.[2]

(See the article on element naming controversies and List of chemical elements named after places.)

Also, mythological entities have had a significant impact on the naming of elements. Helium, titanium, selenium, palladium, promethium, cerium, europium, mercury, thorium, uranium, neptunium and plutonium are all given names connected to mythological characters. With some, that connection is indirect:

* helium: named for the Sun where it was discovered by spectral analysis, being associated with the deity Helios,
* iridium: named for the Greek goddess Iris,
* tellurium: named for the Roman goddess of the earth, Tellus Mater,
* niobium: named for Niobe, a character of Greek mythology,
* vanadium: named for Vanadis, another name for Norse goddess Freyja,
* selenium: named for the Moon being associated with the deity Selene,
* palladium: named for the then-recently discovered asteroid Pallas which had been named for the deity Pallas Athena,
* cerium: named for the then-recently discovered asteroid Ceres which had been named for the deity Ceres,
* europium: named for the continent that had been named after Europa.

Titanium is unique in that it refers to a group of deities rather than any particular individual. So Helios, Selene, Pallas, and Prometheus actually have two elements named in their honor.

And for elements given a name connected with a group, there is also xenon, named for the Greek word ξένον (xenon), neuter singular form of ξένος (xenos), meaning 'foreign(er)', 'strange(r)', or 'guest'.[6][7] Its discoverer William Ramsay intended this name to be an indication of the qualities of this element in analogy to the generic group of people.

Gallium was discovered by French scientist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, who named it in honor of France ("Gallia" in Latin); allegations were later made that he had also named it for himself, as "gallus" is Latin for "le coq", but he denied that this had been his intention.[8]

## See also

* List of scientists whose names are used as units
* List of scientists whose names are used in physical constants
* List of chemical elements named after places
* List of chemical element name etymologies
* Naming of chemical elements
* List of chemical elements

## References

1. ↑ "Derivations of the Names and Symbols of the Elements". Angelo State University. http://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/periodic/hist_names.htm.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hoffman, D.C; Ghiorso, A.; Seaborg, G.T. (2000). The Transuranium People: The Inside Story. Imperial College Press. pp. 187–189, 385. ISBN 978-1-86094-087-3.
3. ↑ There is an implied connection between livermorium and Ernest Lawrence since the element is named for Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.
4. ↑ "Chemistry : Periodic Table : darmstadtium : historical information". January 17, 2005. http://element114.narod.ru/110-history.html.
5. ↑ "115-ый элемент Унунпентиум может появиться в таблице Менделеева" (in ru). 28 August 2013. http://oane.ws/2013/08/28/115-yy_element_ununpentium_mozhet_poyavitsya_v_tablitse_mendeleeva.html. "В свою очередь, российские физики предлагают свой вариант – ланжевений (Ln) в честь известного французского физика-теоретика прошлого столетия Ланжевена."
6. ↑ Anonymous (1904). Daniel Coit Gilman. ed. The New International Encyclopædia. Dodd, Mead and Company. p. 906.
7. ↑ Staff (1991). The Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories. Merriam-Webster, Inc.. p. 513. ISBN 0-87779-603-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=IrcZEZ1bOJsC&pg=PA513.
8. ↑ Weeks, Mary Elvira (1932). "The discovery of the elements. XIII. Some elements predicted by Mendeleeff". Journal of Chemical Education 9 (9): 1605–1619. doi:10.1021/ed009p1605. Bibcode: 1932JChEd...9.1605W.

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People whose names are used in chemical element names

* Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets
* Johan Gadolin
* Amerigo Vespucci
* Marie Curie
* Pierre Curie
* George Berkeley
* Albert Einstein
* Enrico Fermi
* Dmitri Mendeleev
* Alfred Nobel
* Ernest Lawrence
* Ernest Rutherford
* Glenn T. Seaborg
* Niels Bohr
* Lise Meitner
* Nicolaus Copernicus
* Georgy Flyorov
* Robert Livermore
* Yuri Oganessian

Scientists whose names are used as SI units · non SI units · Physical constants

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Periodic table

Periodic table forms|

| Standard|

* 18-column
* 32-column

|

Alternative|

* Alternatives
* Janet's left step table

Extended|

* Extension beyond the 7th period
* Aufbau
* Fricke
* Pyykkö

Sets of elements|

| By periodic table structure|

| Groups|

* 1 (Alkali metals)
* 2 (Alkaline earth metals)
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8
* 9
* 10
* 11
* 12
* 13
* 14
* 15 (Pnictogens)
* 16 (Chalcogens)
* 17 (Halogens)
* 18 (Noble gases)

|

Periods|

* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
* 7
* 8+
* Aufbau
* Fricke
* Pyykkö

Blocks|

* s-block
* p-block
* d-block
* f-block
* g-block
* Aufbau principle

By metallicity|

| Metals|

* Alkali metals
* Alkaline earth metals
* Lanthanides
* Actinides
* Transition metals
* Post-transition metals

|

Metalloids|

* Lists of metalloids by source
* Dividing line

Nonmetals|

* Reactive nonmetals
* Noble gases

Other sets|

* Platinum-group metals (PGM)
* Rare-earth elements
* Refractory metals
* Precious metals
* Coinage metals
* Noble metal
* Heavy metals
* Native metals
* Transuranium elements
* Superheavy elements
* Major actinides
* Minor actinides

Elements|

| Lists|

* By: Abundance (in humans)
* Atomic properties
* Nuclear stability
* Production
* Symbol

|

Properties|

* Crystal structure
* Electron configuration
* Electronegativity
* Goldschmidt classification
* Term symbol

Data pages|

* Abundance
* Atomic radius
* Boiling point
* Critical point
* Density
* Elasticity
* Electrical resistivity
* Electron affinity
* Electron configuration
* Electronegativity
* Hardness
* Heat capacity
* Heat of fusion
* Heat of vaporization
* Ionization energy
* Melting point
* Oxidation state
* Speed of sound
* Thermal conductivity
* Thermal expansion coefficient
* Vapor pressure

History|

* Element discoveries
* Mendeleev's predictions
* Naming
* etymology
* controversies
* for places
* for people
* in East Asia

See also|

* IUPAC
* nomenclature
* systematic element name
* Trivial name
* Dmitri Mendeleev

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* Category

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Scientists whose names are used as units

SI base units|

* André-Marie Ampère (ampere)
* William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (kelvin)

SI derived units|

* Henri Becquerel (becquerel)
* Anders Celsius (degree Celsius)
* Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (coulomb)
* Michael Faraday (farad)
* Louis Harold Gray (gray)
* Joseph Henry (henry)
* Heinrich Hertz (hertz)
* James Prescott Joule (joule)
* Isaac Newton (newton)
* Georg Ohm (ohm)
* Blaise Pascal (pascal)
* Werner von Siemens (siemens)
* Rolf Maximilian Sievert (sievert)
* Nikola Tesla (tesla)
* Alessandro Volta (volt)
* James Watt (watt)
* Wilhelm Eduard Weber (weber)

Non-SI metric (cgs) units|

* Anders Jonas Ångström (angstrom)
* Peter Debye (debye)
* Loránd Eötvös (eotvos)
* Galileo Galilei (gal)
* Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (gauss)
* William Gilbert (gilbert)
* Heinrich Kayser (kayser)
* Johann Heinrich Lambert (lambert)
* Samuel Pierpont Langley (langley)
* James Clerk Maxwell (maxwell)
* Hans Christian Ørsted (oersted)
* Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille (poise)
* Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet (stokes)
* John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (rayl)

Imperial and US customary units|

* Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (degree Fahrenheit)
* Johann Heinrich Lambert (foot-lambert)
* William John Macquorn Rankine (degree Rankine)

Non-systematic units|

* Alexander Graham Bell (bel)
* Marie Curie (curie)
* Pierre Curie (curie)
* John Dalton (dalton)
* Michael Faraday (faraday)
* Heinrich Mache (Mache)
* John Napier (neper)
* René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (degree Réaumur)
* Wilhelm Röntgen (roentgen)
* J. J. Thomson (thomson)
* Evangelista Torricelli (torr)

List of scientists whose names are used as units · Scientists whose names are used in physical constants · People whose names are used in chemical element names

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