Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli

Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) is a type of pathogenic bacteria whose infection causes a syndrome that is identical to shigellosis, with profuse diarrhea and high fever. EIEC are highly invasive, and they use adhesin proteins to bind to and enter intestinal cells. They produce no toxins, but severely damage the intestinal wall through mechanical cell destruction.

EIEC are closely related to Shigella, like all E. coli are.[1][2] Their similarity in disease phenotype come from a homologous large virulence plasmid pINV. They also have in common in their loss of cadaverine synthesis, of ompT, and of curli formation. These features are probably acquired independently, as the two lost cadaverine synthesis in different ways.[3] Moreover, the "EIEC" does not form a monophyletic group in E. coli.[4]

After the E. coli strain penetrates through the epithelial wall, the endocytosis vacuole gets lysed, the strain multiplies using the host cell machinery, and extends to the adjacent epithelial cell. In addition, the plasmid of the strain carries genes for a type III secretion system that is used as the virulent factor. Although it is an invasive disease, the invasion usually does not pass the submucosal layer. The similar pathology to shigellosis may be because both strains of bacteria share some virulent factors. The invasion of the cells can trigger a mild form of diarrhea or dysentery, often mistaken for dysentery caused by Shigella species. The illness is characterized by the appearance of blood and mucus in the stools of infected individuals or a condition called colitis.[citation needed]

Dysentery caused by EIEC usually occurs within 12 to 72 hours following the ingestion of contaminated food. The illness is characterized by abdominal cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, chills, and a generalized malaise. Dysentery caused by this organism is generally self-limiting with no known complications.[5]

It is currently unknown what foods may harbor EIEC, but any food contaminated with human feces from an ill individual, either directly or via contaminated water, could cause disease in others. Outbreaks have been associated with hamburger meat and unpasteurized milk.[6]

Enterovirulent classes of E. coli are referred to as the EEC group (enterovirulent E. coli):[citation needed]

1. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) invades (passes into) the intestinal wall to produce severe diarrhea.
2. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC): A type of EHEC, E. coli O157:H7, can cause bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (anemia and kidney failure).
3. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) produces a toxin that acts on the intestinal lining, and is the most common cause of traveler's diarrhea.
4. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) can cause diarrhea outbreaks in newborn nurseries.
5. Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) can cause acute and chronic (long-lasting) diarrhea in children.

## See also

* Sereny test

## References

1. ↑ "Molecular evolutionary relationships of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and Shigella spp". Infect. Immun. 72 (9): 5080–8. September 2004. doi:10.1128/IAI.72.9.5080-5088.2004. PMID 15322001.
2. ↑ "Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli strains are derived from distinct ancestral strains of E. coli". Microbiology 144 (9): 2667–72. September 1998. doi:10.1099/00221287-144-9-2667. PMID 9782516.
3. ↑ Strockbine, Nancy A.; Maurelli, Anthony T. (17 April 2015). "Shigella". Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. pp. 1–26. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01168. ISBN 9781118960608.
4. ↑ Pasqua, Martina; Michelacci, Valeria; Di Martino, Maria Letizia; Tozzoli, Rosangela; Grossi, Milena; Colonna, Bianca; Morabito, Stefano; Prosseda, Gianni (5 December 2017). "The Intriguing Evolutionary Journey of Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) toward Pathogenicity". Frontiers in Microbiology 8: 2390. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02390. PMID 29259590.
5. ↑ "Bad Bug Book: Handbook of Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins (PDF)". Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/UCM297627.pdf.
6. ↑ Escherichia coli, enteroinvasive Material Data Safety Sheets

## External links

Classification|

* ICD-10: A04.2
* ICD-9-CM: 008.03

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* v
* t
* e

Escherichia coli

Outbreaks|

* 1993 Jack in the Box
* 1996 Odwalla
* 2000 Walkerton
* 2005 South Wales (O157)
* 2006 North American (spinach; O157:H7)
* 2006 North American (multiple; O157:H7)
* 2009 United Kingdom
* 2011 Germany (O104:H4)
* 2015 United States

Genes|

* CPS operon
* DnaG
* Fis
* FNR regulon
* OmpT
* RecBCD
* RpoE
* RpoF
* RpoN
* RpoS

Strains|

* Enterohemorrhagic
* Enteroinvasive
* Enterotoxigenic
* O104:H21
* O104:H4
* O121
* O157:H7
* Verotoxin-producing

Related|

* Aerobactin
* Coliform index
* Long-term evolution experiment
* EcoCyc
* Enteroaggregative
* Molecular biology
* Hok/sok system
* LacUV5
* Min System
* Pathogenic
* EnvZ/OmpR
* Rho factor
* T4 rII system
* Theodor Escherich

* v
* t
* e

* Infectious diseases
* Bacterial disease: ProteobacterialG−]]
* primarily A00–A79, 001–041, 080–109

| Rickettsiales|

| Rickettsiaceae/
(Rickettsioses)|

| Typhus|

* Rickettsia typhi
* Murine typhus
* Rickettsia prowazekii
* Epidemic typhus, Brill–Zinsser disease, Flying squirrel typhus

|

Spotted
fever|

| Tick-borne|

* Rickettsia rickettsii
* Rocky Mountain spotted fever
* Rickettsia conorii
* Boutonneuse fever
* Rickettsia japonica
* Japanese spotted fever
* Rickettsia sibirica
* North Asian tick typhus
* Rickettsia australis
* Queensland tick typhus
* Rickettsia honei
* Flinders Island spotted fever
* Rickettsia africae
* African tick bite fever
* Rickettsia parkeri
* American tick bite fever
* Rickettsia aeschlimannii
* Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection

|

Mite-borne|

* Rickettsia akari
* Rickettsialpox
* Orientia tsutsugamushi
* Scrub typhus

Flea-borne|

* Rickettsia felis
* Flea-borne spotted fever

Anaplasmataceae|

* Ehrlichiosis: Anaplasma phagocytophilum
* Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, Anaplasmosis
* Ehrlichia chaffeensis
* Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
* Ehrlichia ewingii
* Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection

Rhizobiales|

| Brucellaceae|

* Brucella abortus
* Brucellosis

|

Bartonellaceae|

* Bartonellosis: Bartonella henselae
* Cat-scratch disease
* Bartonella quintana
* Trench fever
* Either B. henselae or B. quintana
* Bacillary angiomatosis
* Bartonella bacilliformis
* Carrion's disease, Verruga peruana

| Neisseriales|

| M+|

* Neisseria meningitidis/meningococcus
* Meningococcal disease, Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome]], Meningococcal septicaemia

|

M−|

* Neisseria gonorrhoeae/gonococcus
* Gonorrhea

ungrouped:|

* Eikenella corrodens/Kingella kingae
* HACEK
* Chromobacterium violaceum
* Chromobacteriosis infection

Burkholderiales|

* Burkholderia pseudomallei
* Melioidosis
* Burkholderia mallei
* Glanders
* Burkholderia cepacia complex
* Bordetella pertussis/Bordetella parapertussis
* Pertussis

| Enterobacteriales
(OX−)|

| Lac+|

* Klebsiella pneumoniae
* Rhinoscleroma, Pneumonia
* Klebsiella granulomatis
* Granuloma inguinale
* Klebsiella oxytoca

* Escherichia coli: Enterotoxigenic
* Enteroinvasive
* Enterohemorrhagic
* O157:H7
* O104:H4
* Hemolytic-uremic syndrome

* Enterobacter aerogenes/Enterobacter cloacae

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Slow/weak|

* Serratia marcescens
* Serratia infection
* Citrobacter koseri/Citrobacter freundii

Lac−|

| H2S+|

* Salmonella enterica
* Typhoid fever, Paratyphoid fever, Salmonellosis

|

H2S−|

* Shigella dysenteriae/sonnei/flexneri]]/boydii
* Shigellosis, Bacillary dysentery
* Proteus mirabilis/Proteus vulgaris
* Yersinia pestis
* Plague/Bubonic plague
* Yersinia enterocolitica
* Yersiniosis
* Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
* Far East scarlet-like fever

Pasteurellales|

| Haemophilus:|

* H. influenzae
* Haemophilus meningitis
* Brazilian purpuric fever
* H. ducreyi
* Chancroid
* H. parainfluenzae
* HACEK

|

Pasteurella multocida|

* Pasteurellosis
* Actinobacillus
* Actinobacillosis

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans|

* HACEK

Legionellales|

* Legionella pneumophila/Legionella longbeachae
* Legionnaires' disease
* Coxiella burnetii
* Q fever

Thiotrichales|

* Francisella tularensis
* Tularemia

Vibrionaceae|

* Vibrio cholerae
* Cholera
* Vibrio vulnificus
* Vibrio parahaemolyticus
* Vibrio alginolyticus
* Plesiomonas shigelloides

Pseudomonadales|

* Pseudomonas aeruginosa
* Pseudomonas infection
* Moraxella catarrhalis
* Acinetobacter baumannii

Xanthomonadaceae|

* Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Cardiobacteriaceae|

* Cardiobacterium hominis
* HACEK

Aeromonadales|

* Aeromonas hydrophila/Aeromonas veronii
* Aeromonas infection

| Campylobacterales|

* Campylobacter jejuni
* Campylobacteriosis, Guillain–Barré syndrome]]
* Helicobacter pylori
* Peptic ulcer, MALT lymphoma, Gastric cancer
* Helicobacter cinaedi
* Helicobacter cellulitis

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